Topic: Mountains (Jibal,Tur)
View Aspects
وَإِذْ أَخَذْنَا مِيثَٰقَكُمْ وَرَفَعْنَا فَوْقَكُمُ ٱلطُّورَ خُذُوا۟ مَآ ءَاتَيْنَٰكُم بِقُوَّةٍ وَٱذْكُرُوا۟ مَا فِيهِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ
وَرَفَعْنَا فَوْقَکُمُ الطُّوْرَ یعنی تم کو پہاڑ کے دامن میں کھڑا کیا تھا۔ (خروج باب۱۹ آیت۱۷)۔
ذَکَرَہٗ کے معنی ہیں حَفِظَہٗ فِیْ ذِھْنِہٖ (اقرب) یعنی کسی بات کو اپنے ذہن میں محفوظ کر لیا۔ پس وَاذْکُرُوْا کے معنے ہوں گے اسے محفوظ کر لو اور یاد رکھو۔
2:84, 94; 4:155.
7:172.
The words do not mean that Mount Sinai was physically lifted up to hang over the heads of the Israelites. They only mean that the covenant was taken at a time when the Israelites were standing at the foot of the Mount. They may also refer to the scene when the Mount Sinai was terribly shaken with an earthquake, while the Israelites were camping at its foot (Exod. 19:2). On such an occasion the shaking of a high mountain peak appears as it were hanging over the heads of those standing near it.
2:84, 94; 4:155.
7:172.
Important Words:
میثاق (covenant) is derived from وثق i.e. it was or became firm and established. اوثقه means, he made it firm and fast; he bound or tied it firmly and strongly. میثاق means, a firmly made promise; a covenant (Aqrab & Lane). It should be noted that every commandment of God has the force of a covenant for those who believe, because once an individual or a people believe in God and accept His guidance, they, as it were, enter into a covenant with Him that they will obey all His Commandments, a formal agreement not being necessary. See also 2:28.
رفعنا (We raised high) is derived from رفع which means, he raised or lifted a thing or person; he raised a person in rank, honour, position or dignity; he took a report or complaint to a person in authority (Mufradat & Aqrab). It also means, to make a thing tower above another standing beside it. We read in a hadith رفع لنا صخرة طویلة لھا ظل i.e. a big stone giving good shade was raised above us, i.e. we found ourselves beside a high shady stone (Bukhari, ch. on Hijrah).
فوق (above) is derived from فاق meaning, he surpassed it or him; he stood higher than it or him. Thus فوق is the opposite of "beneath" meaning "above", both literally and figuratively (Aqrab). It is also used to denote a place higher than that which one is occupying. The Quran says: اذجاءوکم من فوقکم i.e. when the enemy made a descent on you from a higher position (33:11).
الطور (the Mount) means: (1) a hill or mountain; (2) the mount Tur or Sinai (Mufradat & Aqrab). Thus, it is both a common and a proper name.
Commentary:
In this verse the Quran again reverts to the previous subject, i.e. the iniquities of the Israelites, but in a different field. The verse refers to the time when Moses went up the Mount Sinai to receive the Ten Commandments and left his followers standing at the foot of the Mount (Exod. 19:17). So the covenant spoken of in the verse refers to the Ten Commandments which were given to Moses on this occasion.
The clause We raised high above you the Mount, does not mean that Mount Sinai was physically lifted up to hang over the heads of the Israelites. It only means that the covenant was taken at a time when the Israelites were standing at the foot of the mountain—a meaning quite consistent with the Arabic idiom as explained under Important Words. The raising of the Mount above the Israelites has been ascribed to God, because it was He Who had commanded them to come and stand at the foot of the Mount.
The verse may also refer to the scene when the Mount Sinai was terribly shaken with an earthquake, while the Israelites were camping near it (Exod. 19:18). On such an occasion the shaking of a high mountain peak appears as if it were hanging over the heads of those standing near it.
a
2:84, 94; 4:155.
b
4:155; 7:172.
60
这些话并不意味着西奈山真是被举起来悬在古以色列人的头顶上空。它们只是意指订约的时候古以色列人正站在这山 (西奈山) 脚下。它们也可以指当古以色列人正在它的山脚下宿营时, 西奈山遭到地震的可怕震撼的情景 («出埃及记»19:2)。在此时刻, 一座高高的山峰的震动, 看来就像它悬在站在它近旁的那些人的头顶上空。
1
وَرَفَعْنَا فَوْقَکُمُ الطُّوْرَ یعنی تم کو پہاڑ کے دامن میں کھڑا کیا تھا۔ (خروج باب۱۹ آیت۱۷)۔
2
ذَکَرَہٗ کے معنی ہیں حَفِظَہٗ فِیْ ذِھْنِہٖ (اقرب) یعنی کسی بات کو اپنے ذہن میں محفوظ کر لیا۔ پس وَاذْکُرُوْا کے معنے ہوں گے اسے محفوظ کر لو اور یاد رکھو۔
a
2:84, 94; 4:155.
b
7:172.
70
Important Words:
میثاق (covenant) is derived from وثق i.e. it was or became firm and established. اوثقه means, he made it firm and fast; he bound or tied it firmly and strongly. میثاق means, a firmly made promise; a covenant (Aqrab & Lane). It should be noted that every commandment of God has the force of a covenant for those who believe, because once an individual or a people believe in God and accept His guidance, they, as it were, enter into a covenant with Him that they will obey all His Commandments, a formal agreement not being necessary. See also 2:28.
رفعنا (We raised high) is derived from رفع which means, he raised or lifted a thing or person; he raised a person in rank, honour, position or dignity; he took a report or complaint to a person in authority (Mufradat & Aqrab). It also means, to make a thing tower above another standing beside it. We read in a hadith رفع لنا صخرة طویلة لھا ظل i.e. a big stone giving good shade was raised above us, i.e. we found ourselves beside a high shady stone (Bukhari, ch. on Hijrah).
فوق (above) is derived from فاق meaning, he surpassed it or him; he stood higher than it or him. Thus فوق is the opposite of "beneath" meaning "above", both literally and figuratively (Aqrab). It is also used to denote a place higher than that which one is occupying. The Quran says: اذجاءوکم من فوقکم i.e. when the enemy made a descent on you from a higher position (33:11).
الطور (the Mount) means: (1) a hill or mountain; (2) the mount Tur or Sinai (Mufradat & Aqrab). Thus, it is both a common and a proper name.
Commentary:
In this verse the Quran again reverts to the previous subject, i.e. the iniquities of the Israelites, but in a different field. The verse refers to the time when Moses went up the Mount Sinai to receive the Ten Commandments and left his followers standing at the foot of the Mount (Exod. 19:17). So the covenant spoken of in the verse refers to the Ten Commandments which were given to Moses on this occasion.
The clause We raised high above you the Mount, does not mean that Mount Sinai was physically lifted up to hang over the heads of the Israelites. It only means that the covenant was taken at a time when the Israelites were standing at the foot of the mountain—a meaning quite consistent with the Arabic idiom as explained under Important Words. The raising of the Mount above the Israelites has been ascribed to God, because it was He Who had commanded them to come and stand at the foot of the Mount.
The verse may also refer to the scene when the Mount Sinai was terribly shaken with an earthquake, while the Israelites were camping near it (Exod. 19:18). On such an occasion the shaking of a high mountain peak appears as if it were hanging over the heads of those standing near it.
c
2:84, 94; 4:155.
d
7:172.
105
The words do not mean that Mount Sinai was physically lifted up to hang over the heads of the Israelites. They only mean that the covenant was taken at a time when the Israelites were standing at the foot of the Mount. They may also refer to the scene when the Mount Sinai was terribly shaken with an earthquake, while the Israelites were camping at its foot (Exod. 19:2). On such an occasion the shaking of a high mountain peak appears as it were hanging over the heads of those standing near it.
وَإِذْ أَخَذْنَا مِيثَٰقَكُمْ وَرَفَعْنَا فَوْقَكُمُ ٱلطُّورَ خُذُوا۟ مَآ ءَاتَيْنَٰكُم بِقُوَّةٍ وَٱسْمَعُوا۟ ۖ قَالُوا۟ سَمِعْنَا وَعَصَيْنَا وَأُشْرِبُوا۟ فِى قُلُوبِهِمُ ٱلْعِجْلَ بِكُفْرِهِمْ ۚ قُلْ بِئْسَمَا يَأْمُرُكُم بِهِۦٓ إِيمَٰنُكُمْ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤْمِنِينَ
2:64; 4:155; 7:172.
وَرَفَعْنَا فَوْقَـکُمُ الطُّوْرَ: یعنی تم کو اس کے دامن میں کھڑا کیا تھا۔
عربی کا محاورہ ہے اُشْرِبَ فُـلَا نٌ حُبَّ فُـلَا نٍ اور معنے یہ ہوتے ہیں خَالَطَہٗ حُبُّہٗ قَلْبَہٗ (اقرب) یعنی فلاں کی محبت اس کے دل میں رچ گئی۔ پس اُشْرِبَ مجہول کے صیغہ میں محبت کے رَچ جانے کے لئے بھی استعمال ہوتا ہے۔ بحر محیط میں لکھا ہے۔ وَ قَالُوْا اَشْرَبْتُ الْبَیَاضَ الْحُمْرَۃَ اَی خَلَطْتُّـھَا بِالْحُمْرَۃِ یعنی عرب بعض دفعہ کہتے ہیں کہ میں نے سفیدی کو سرخی پلائی اور مراد ہوتی ہے کہ سفید رنگ میں سرخ رنگ ملا دیا۔ ایک شاعر کہتا ہے۔
اِذَا مَا الْقَلْبُ اُشْرِبَ حُبَّ شَیْئٍ۔ فَـلَا تَـاْمَـلُ لَـہٗ عَنْـہُ انْـصِرَافـًا
ی
See {105}.
The words signify that they practically refused to obey. For the meaning of Qala see {57}.
The expression Ushriba Fi Qalbihi Hubbu Fulanin means, the love of such a person permeated his heart (Aqrab). The word is so used because love is like alcohol that intoxicates one who partakes of it. The words used in the text mean, the love of the calf had sunk deep into their hearts.
2:64; 4:155; 7:172.
Important Words:
اشربوا (were permeated with) is derived from شرب meaning, he drank. اشرب means, he was made to drink. The expression,اشرب فی قلبه حب فلان means, the love of such and such a person permeated his heart (Aqrab). The word is so used because love is like alcohol that intoxicates one who partakes of it. The clause, اشربوا فی قلوبھم العجل (lit. they were made to drink into their hearts the calf) must really be read as اشربوا فی قلوبھم حب العجل (lit. they were made to drink into their hearts the love of the calf), the word حب (love) being understood before the word عجل (calf).
Commentary:
For an explanation of the expression, raised high above you the Mount, see under 2:64.
The words, they said, We hear and we disobey, signify that they practically refused to obey God. They did not necessarily use these exact words; for the word, as pointed out under 2:31, sometimes conveys the sense not of actual speech but of practical conduct.
Reference to calf-worship in verse 93 is not a mere reiteration of what has been already said in verse 55; the incident has been mentioned here as an illustration of what has been said about the Jews in the previous verse. Their attention is drawn to their conduct in the days of Moses. When Moses was absent from them for a short time only, they took the image of a calf for their idol, although they had witnessed how God had helped Moses and had shown mighty Signs at his hands; and that at a time when they had given a solemn promise not to worship anything besides God. In spite of that promise, they showed active opposition to the commandments of God by their deeds.
In the concluding portion of the verse, it is pointed out that the Jews professed to believe in what was revealed to them by God, but their belief was of a strange character for in spite of it, they persisted in their opposition to the Prophets. If this was believing, then their faith was only leading them astray.
c
2:64; 4:155; 7:172.
1
وَرَفَعْنَا فَوْقَـکُمُ الطُّوْرَ: یعنی تم کو اس کے دامن میں کھڑا کیا تھا۔
2
عربی کا محاورہ ہے اُشْرِبَ فُـلَا نٌ حُبَّ فُـلَا نٍ اور معنے یہ ہوتے ہیں خَالَطَہٗ حُبُّہٗ قَلْبَہٗ (اقرب) یعنی فلاں کی محبت اس کے دل میں رچ گئی۔ پس اُشْرِبَ مجہول کے صیغہ میں محبت کے رَچ جانے کے لئے بھی استعمال ہوتا ہے۔ بحر محیط میں لکھا ہے۔ وَ قَالُوْا اَشْرَبْتُ الْبَیَاضَ الْحُمْرَۃَ اَی خَلَطْتُّـھَا بِالْحُمْرَۃِ یعنی عرب بعض دفعہ کہتے ہیں کہ میں نے سفیدی کو سرخی پلائی اور مراد ہوتی ہے کہ سفید رنگ میں سرخ رنگ ملا دیا۔ ایک شاعر کہتا ہے۔
اِذَا مَا الْقَلْبُ اُشْرِبَ حُبَّ شَیْئٍ۔ فَـلَا تَـاْمَـلُ لَـہٗ عَنْـہُ انْـصِرَافـًا
ی
b
2:64; 4:155; 7:172.
100
Important Words:
اشربوا (were permeated with) is derived from شرب meaning, he drank. اشرب means, he was made to drink. The expression,اشرب فی قلبه حب فلان means, the love of such and such a person permeated his heart (Aqrab). The word is so used because love is like alcohol that intoxicates one who partakes of it. The clause, اشربوا فی قلوبھم العجل (lit. they were made to drink into their hearts the calf) must really be read as اشربوا فی قلوبھم حب العجل (lit. they were made to drink into their hearts the love of the calf), the word حب (love) being understood before the word عجل (calf).
Commentary:
For an explanation of the expression, raised high above you the Mount, see under 2:64.
The words, they said, We hear and we disobey, signify that they practically refused to obey God. They did not necessarily use these exact words; for the word, as pointed out under 2:31, sometimes conveys the sense not of actual speech but of practical conduct.
Reference to calf-worship in verse 93 is not a mere reiteration of what has been already said in verse 55; the incident has been mentioned here as an illustration of what has been said about the Jews in the previous verse. Their attention is drawn to their conduct in the days of Moses. When Moses was absent from them for a short time only, they took the image of a calf for their idol, although they had witnessed how God had helped Moses and had shown mighty Signs at his hands; and that at a time when they had given a solemn promise not to worship anything besides God. In spite of that promise, they showed active opposition to the commandments of God by their deeds.
In the concluding portion of the verse, it is pointed out that the Jews professed to believe in what was revealed to them by God, but their belief was of a strange character for in spite of it, they persisted in their opposition to the Prophets. If this was believing, then their faith was only leading them astray.
b
2:64; 4:155; 7:172.121
See {105}.
121A
The words signify that they practically refused to obey. For the meaning of Qala see {57}.
122
The expression Ushriba Fi Qalbihi Hubbu Fulanin means, the love of such a person permeated his heart (Aqrab). The word is so used because love is like alcohol that intoxicates one who partakes of it. The words used in the text mean, the love of the calf had sunk deep into their hearts.
وَرَفَعْنَا فَوْقَهُمُ ٱلطُّورَ بِمِيثَٰقِهِمْ وَقُلْنَا لَهُمُ ٱدْخُلُوا۟ ٱلْبَابَ سُجَّدًا وَقُلْنَا لَهُمْ لَا تَعْدُوا۟ فِى ٱلسَّبْتِ وَأَخَذْنَا مِنْهُم مِّيثَٰقًا غَلِيظًا
یعنی ان کو طُور کے دامن تک لے گئے اور انہیں سامنے اونچا پہاڑ نظر آنے لگا جیسے صحیح بخاری باب الہجرۃ کی حدیث میں حضرت ابوبکرؓ فرماتے ہیں۔ فَرُفِعَتْ لَنَا صَخْرَۃٌ طَوِیْلَۃٌ لَّھَا ظِلٌّ کہ ہمیں سامنے بڑی چٹان دکھائی دی جس کا سایہ تھا۔
2:64, 94.
2:59; 7:162
2:66; 4:48; 7:164; 16:125.
See 4:48.
2:64, 94.
2:59; 7:162.
2:66; 4:48; 7:164; 16:125.
Commentary:
See and compare 2:59, 64, 66 & 4:48.
e
2:64, 94.
f
2:59; 7:162
g
2:66; 4:48; 7:164; 16:125.
1
یعنی ان کو طُور کے دامن تک لے گئے اور انہیں سامنے اونچا پہاڑ نظر آنے لگا جیسے صحیح بخاری باب الہجرۃ کی حدیث میں حضرت ابوبکرؓ فرماتے ہیں۔ فَرُفِعَتْ لَنَا صَخْرَۃٌ طَوِیْلَۃٌ لَّھَا ظِلٌّ کہ ہمیں سامنے بڑی چٹان دکھائی دی جس کا سایہ تھا۔
a
2:64, 94.
b
2:59; 7:162.
c
2:66; 4:48; 7:164; 16:125.
618
Commentary:
See and compare 2:59, 64, 66 & 4:48.
a
2:64, 94.
b
2:59; 7:162
c
2:66; 4:48; 7:164; 16:125.
694
See 4:48.
وَنَٰدَيْنَٰهُ مِن جَانِبِ ٱلطُّورِ ٱلْأَيْمَنِ وَقَرَّبْنَٰهُ نَجِيًّا
20:81; 28:31.
20:81; 28:31.
Important Words:
أیمن (right) is derived from یمن. They say یمن اللّٰه فلاناً i.e. God blessed such a one. أیمن means, (1) blessed; (2) right as opposed to left (Aqrab). The word أیمنmay qualify both جانبor الطور. For طور (Mount) see 2:64.
نجیاً (for special communion) is derived from نجا. They say نجا الرجل i.e. he discoursed secrets with the man, or simply he discoursed with him. ناجا الرجل means, he talked with the man in private, or he discoursed secretly with him. See also 4:115 & 12:81. نجیاً means, one with whom secrets are discoursed or simply one who is discoursed or talked with. It also means, one who walks quickly. الناقة النجیة means, a quick-footed she-camel (Aqrab).
Commentary:
According to the two meanings of الایمن given under "Important Words" above, the first part of the verse would mean:(a) We called him from the right side of the Mount; (b) We called him from the blessed side of the Mount; or (c) We called him from the side of the blessed Mount.
Taking into consideration all the three meanings of the word نجیا the expression قربناہ نجیاً would mean:(a) We drew him near to Us in order to hold a discourse with him, i.e. We selected him for Our special communion and for opening to him the avenues of divine knowledge and secrets of the unknown; (b) when We drew him near to Us, he came to Us hastening; (c) when We drew him near to Us, We Ourselves hastened to him. In the verse under comment the word الایمن has been used with regard to Moses while with regard to the Holy Prophet the word مبارک (blessed) is used. This word has a deeper and more comprehensive meaning than ایمن. The Quran has been called مبارک i.e. a blessed Book (6:93,156; 21:51). The place where the Holy Prophet was born was مبارک i.e. blessed (3:97), and so was his landing in Medina (23:30). The divinelight which he received has also been described as مبارک (blessed) (24:36) and the word of God came to him inلیلة مبارکة i.e. blessed night (44:4).
d
20:81; 28:31.
a
20:81; 28:31.
2195
Important Words:
أیمن (right) is derived from یمن. They say یمن اللّٰه فلاناً i.e. God blessed such a one. أیمن means, (1) blessed; (2) right as opposed to left (Aqrab). The word أیمنmay qualify both جانبor الطور. For طور (Mount) see 2:64.
نجیاً (for special communion) is derived from نجا. They say نجا الرجل i.e. he discoursed secrets with the man, or simply he discoursed with him. ناجا الرجل means, he talked with the man in private, or he discoursed secretly with him. See also 4:115 & 12:81. نجیاً means, one with whom secrets are discoursed or simply one who is discoursed or talked with. It also means, one who walks quickly. الناقة النجیة means, a quick-footed she-camel (Aqrab).
Commentary:
According to the two meanings of الایمن given under "Important Words" above, the first part of the verse would mean:(a) We called him from the right side of the Mount; (b) We called him from the blessed side of the Mount; or (c) We called him from the side of the blessed Mount.
Taking into consideration all the three meanings of the word نجیا the expression قربناہ نجیاً would mean:(a) We drew him near to Us in order to hold a discourse with him, i.e. We selected him for Our special communion and for opening to him the avenues of divine knowledge and secrets of the unknown; (b) when We drew him near to Us, he came to Us hastening; (c) when We drew him near to Us, We Ourselves hastened to him. In the verse under comment the word الایمن has been used with regard to Moses while with regard to the Holy Prophet the word مبارک (blessed) is used. This word has a deeper and more comprehensive meaning than ایمن. The Quran has been called مبارک i.e. a blessed Book (6:93,156; 21:51). The place where the Holy Prophet was born was مبارک i.e. blessed (3:97), and so was his landing in Medina (23:30). The divinelight which he received has also been described as مبارک (blessed) (24:36) and the word of God came to him inلیلة مبارکة i.e. blessed night (44:4).
b
20:81; 28:31.
1781
The words in the text mean: (a) from the right side of the Mount; (b) from the blessed side of the Mount; (c) from the side of the blessed Mount.
يَٰبَنِىٓ إِسْرَٰٓءِيلَ قَدْ أَنجَيْنَٰكُم مِّنْ عَدُوِّكُمْ وَوَٰعَدْنَٰكُمْ جَانِبَ ٱلطُّورِ ٱلْأَيْمَنَ وَنَزَّلْنَا عَلَيْكُمُ ٱلْمَنَّ وَٱلسَّلْوَىٰ
بالمقابل وعدہ یہ تھا کہ بنی اسرائیل اگر تورات کے احکام پر قائم رہیں گے تو خداتعالیٰ ان کو برکت دے گا۔ مگر بنی اسرائیل کے دوسرے حصہ یعنی مسیحیوں نے ان احکام میں سے سبت کو چھوڑ دیا۔ جیسا کہ خود مسیحی علماء کا اقرار ہے یعنی ایک رومی بادشاہ کے کہنے کے مطابق ہفتہ کو جو سبت کا دن تھا۔ بدل کر اتوار کو سبت قرار دے دیا۔ اور یہودنے ان کے بالمقال وعدوں کو اس طرح توڑا کہ اوّل عزرا نبی کو خدا قرار دیا۔ دوم عام آدمی تو الگ رہے۔ باربار محمد رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کو جو موعودنبی تھے قتل کرنے کی کوشش کی اور آپ سے پہلے حضرت عیسیٰ علیہ السلام کو قتل کرنے کی کوشش کی۔
19:53; 20:13; 28:31; 79:17.
2:51; 14:7; 44:31, 32.
The Israelites had lived long in bondage under the heartless tyranny of the Pharaohs and consequently had come to lose all those manly qualities that go to make a people hardy, brave and courageous. According to the Divine scheme of things, they were destined to conquer and rule over Canaan. Therefore, after Moses had taken them out of Egypt, they were made to live in the arid and barren region of Sinai in order that they might become used to an open and hard life and thus acquire and develop those qualities which were so essential for a great future that lay in store for them. But having lived in bondage for a long time, they had lost all initiative and had become used to a life of lethargy and lassitude. So when they saw that they would have to live in the wilderness where no amenities of life were to be found and even food was lacking, they were utterly dismayed and fretted and fumed and quarrelled with Moses saying, 'Would to God, we had died by the hand of the Lord in the land of Egypt when we sat by
2:51; 14:7; 44:31-32.
19:53; 20:13; 28:31; 79:17.
Important Words:
المن (manna). They say من علیه i.e. he bestowed a favour on him. من which is infinitive noun signifies bestowing favour upon a man or doing good to him. المن means, (1) anything which comes to a man without much effort on his part; (2) a favour; (3) honeydew (Aqrab). Dr. Jesenius in his dictionary has also referred to المن as having been fromمن (manna) and means, a favour or bounty. See also 2:58.
السلوی is derived from سلا. They say سلا عن الشیء i.e. he was satiated with the thing. سلوی is (1) a whitish bird resembling a quail; (2) anything which gives a man satisfaction or contentment, (3) honey (Aqrab). See also 2:58.
Commentary:
The Israelites had lived long in bondage under the heartless tyranny of the Pharaohs and consequently had come to lose all those manly qualities that go to make a people hardy, brave and courageous. According to the divine scheme of things they were destined to conquer and rule over Canaan. Therefore after Moses had taken them out of Egypt they were made to live in the arid and barren region of Sinai in order that they might become used to a free and hard life and thus acquire and develop those qualities which were so essential for a great future that lay in store for them. But having lived in bondage for a long time they had lost all initiative and had become used to a life of lethargy and lassitude. So when they saw that they would have to live in the wilderness where no amenities of life were to be found and even food was lacking, they were utterly dismayed and fretted and fumed and quarrelled with Moses saying: "Would to God we had died by the hand of the Lord in the land of Egypt, when we sat by the flesh pots, and when we did eat bread to the full; for ye have brought us forth into this wilderness, to kill this whole assembly with hunger" (Exod. 16:3). God heard the murmurings of the Israelites and commanded Moses to tell those ungrateful people: "At even ye shall eat flesh, and in the morning ye shall be filled with bread; and ye shall know that I am the Lord your God" (Exod. 16:12). And how this Divine promise was fulfilled has been described in the Bible as follows:
And it came to pass, that at even the quails came up, and covered the camp: and in the morning the dew lay round about the host. And when the dew that lay was gone up, behold, upon the face of the wilderness there lay a small round thing, as small as the hoar frost on the ground. And when the children of Israel saw it, they said one to another, it is manna: for they wist not what it was. And Moses said unto them, This is the bread which the Lord hath given you to eat. (Exod. 16:13-15).
This was the food which in answer to the murmurings of the Israelites God, out of His infinite grace and mercy, bestowed upon them in the wilderness of Sinai and which they were given without much effort or labour on their part, and which was found when stark hunger seemed to stare them in the face, and the fact of its having been found in that place and condition did, indeed, constitute a great miracle. It is to this incident that reference has been made in the verse under comment.
The manna has also been referred to in a saying of the Holy Prophet, viz. الکمأة من المن i.e. the truffle is one of the things included in the manna (Bukhari). In Lane’s Lexicon we have the following explanation for manna under the word ترنجبین (turanjabin): A kind of manna: the manna of the thorny plants called by the Arabs the haj, and hence by European botanists Alhagi; according to Dr. Boyle it is a sweetish juice which exudes from the Alhagi maurorum, crystallizes into small granular masses, and is usually distinguished by the name of Persian manna; a kind of dew that falls mostly in Khurasan and Mawara an-Nahr and in our country, mostly upon the haj; the best thereof is that which is fresh or moist and white (Ibn Sina), the من or manna mentioned in the Quran (p.306).
d
2:51; 14:7; 44:31, 32.
e
19:53; 20:13; 28:31; 79:17.
1
بالمقابل وعدہ یہ تھا کہ بنی اسرائیل اگر تورات کے احکام پر قائم رہیں گے تو خداتعالیٰ ان کو برکت دے گا۔ مگر بنی اسرائیل کے دوسرے حصہ یعنی مسیحیوں نے ان احکام میں سے سبت کو چھوڑ دیا۔ جیسا کہ خود مسیحی علماء کا اقرار ہے یعنی ایک رومی بادشاہ کے کہنے کے مطابق ہفتہ کو جو سبت کا دن تھا۔ بدل کر اتوار کو سبت قرار دے دیا۔ اور یہودنے ان کے بالمقال وعدوں کو اس طرح توڑا کہ اوّل عزرا نبی کو خدا قرار دیا۔ دوم عام آدمی تو الگ رہے۔ باربار محمد رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کو جو موعودنبی تھے قتل کرنے کی کوشش کی اور آپ سے پہلے حضرت عیسیٰ علیہ السلام کو قتل کرنے کی کوشش کی۔
a
2:51; 14:7; 44:31-32.
b
19:53; 20:13; 28:31; 79:17.
2295
Important Words:
المن (manna). They say من علیه i.e. he bestowed a favour on him. من which is infinitive noun signifies bestowing favour upon a man or doing good to him. المن means, (1) anything which comes to a man without much effort on his part; (2) a favour; (3) honeydew (Aqrab). Dr. Jesenius in his dictionary has also referred to المن as having been fromمن (manna) and means, a favour or bounty. See also 2:58.
السلوی is derived from سلا. They say سلا عن الشیء i.e. he was satiated with the thing. سلوی is (1) a whitish bird resembling a quail; (2) anything which gives a man satisfaction or contentment, (3) honey (Aqrab). See also 2:58.
Commentary:
The Israelites had lived long in bondage under the heartless tyranny of the Pharaohs and consequently had come to lose all those manly qualities that go to make a people hardy, brave and courageous. According to the divine scheme of things they were destined to conquer and rule over Canaan. Therefore after Moses had taken them out of Egypt they were made to live in the arid and barren region of Sinai in order that they might become used to a free and hard life and thus acquire and develop those qualities which were so essential for a great future that lay in store for them. But having lived in bondage for a long time they had lost all initiative and had become used to a life of lethargy and lassitude. So when they saw that they would have to live in the wilderness where no amenities of life were to be found and even food was lacking, they were utterly dismayed and fretted and fumed and quarrelled with Moses saying: "Would to God we had died by the hand of the Lord in the land of Egypt, when we sat by the flesh pots, and when we did eat bread to the full; for ye have brought us forth into this wilderness, to kill this whole assembly with hunger" (Exod. 16:3). God heard the murmurings of the Israelites and commanded Moses to tell those ungrateful people: "At even ye shall eat flesh, and in the morning ye shall be filled with bread; and ye shall know that I am the Lord your God" (Exod. 16:12). And how this Divine promise was fulfilled has been described in the Bible as follows:
And it came to pass, that at even the quails came up, and covered the camp: and in the morning the dew lay round about the host. And when the dew that lay was gone up, behold, upon the face of the wilderness there lay a small round thing, as small as the hoar frost on the ground. And when the children of Israel saw it, they said one to another, it is manna: for they wist not what it was. And Moses said unto them, This is the bread which the Lord hath given you to eat. (Exod. 16:13-15).
This was the food which in answer to the murmurings of the Israelites God, out of His infinite grace and mercy, bestowed upon them in the wilderness of Sinai and which they were given without much effort or labour on their part, and which was found when stark hunger seemed to stare them in the face, and the fact of its having been found in that place and condition did, indeed, constitute a great miracle. It is to this incident that reference has been made in the verse under comment.
The manna has also been referred to in a saying of the Holy Prophet, viz. الکمأة من المن i.e. the truffle is one of the things included in the manna (Bukhari). In Lane’s Lexicon we have the following explanation for manna under the word ترنجبین (turanjabin): A kind of manna: the manna of the thorny plants called by the Arabs the haj, and hence by European botanists Alhagi; according to Dr. Boyle it is a sweetish juice which exudes from the Alhagi maurorum, crystallizes into small granular masses, and is usually distinguished by the name of Persian manna; a kind of dew that falls mostly in Khurasan and Mawara an-Nahr and in our country, mostly upon the haj; the best thereof is that which is fresh or moist and white (Ibn Sina), the من or manna mentioned in the Quran (p.306).
a
19:53; 20:13; 28:31; 79:17.
b
2:51; 14:7; 44:31, 32.
1839
The Israelites had lived long in bondage under the heartless tyranny of the Pharaohs and consequently had come to lose all those manly qualities that go to make a people hardy, brave and courageous. According to the Divine scheme of things, they were destined to conquer and rule over Canaan. Therefore, after Moses had taken them out of Egypt, they were made to live in the arid and barren region of Sinai in order that they might become used to an open and hard life and thus acquire and develop those qualities which were so essential for a great future that lay in store for them. But having lived in bondage for a long time, they had lost all initiative and had become used to a life of lethargy and lassitude. So when they saw that they would have to live in the wilderness where no amenities of life were to be found and even food was lacking, they were utterly dismayed and fretted and fumed and quarrelled with Moses saying, 'Would to God, we had died by the hand of the Lord in the land of Egypt when we sat by
وَشَجَرَةً تَخْرُجُ مِن طُورِ سَيْنَآءَ تَنۢبُتُ بِٱلدُّهْنِ وَصِبْغٍ لِّلْءَاكِلِينَ
یہ زیتون کے درخت کا ذکر ہے جس میں سے تیل بھی نکلتا ہے اور جسے بطور طعام کے بھی استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔
The words, "Mount Sinai", remind us of the following great prophecy of the Bible:
'The Lord came from Sinai, and rose from Seir unto them; He shined forth from Mount Paran and he came with ten thousands of saints; from his right hand went a fiery law for them' (Deut. 33:2). See also "Once to Sinai" by H.F. Prescott.
Commentary:
The verse embodies yet another instance of God’s bountiful provision for the physical needs of man. The words 'Mount Sinai', however, draw attention to the fact that if God has made provision for man’s physical needs, He has not neglected to make similar provision for his spiritual needs and He has been doing so from time immemorial. The verse reminds us of the great prophecy of the Bible which is to the effect: "The Lord came from Sinai, and rose from Seir unto them; He shined forth from Mount Paran and he came with ten thousands of saints: from his right hand went a fiery law for them" (Deut. 33:2). The prophecy refers to the advent of Moses, the appearance of Jesus from Seir and to the coming of the Holy Prophet of Islam with a fiery Law. The Holy Prophet actually had ten thousand Companions with him when he entered Mecca as a conqueror. As to the identity of Paran see 2:130.
About the tree referred to in the verse which springs from Mount Sinai and produces oil the following extract may be read with interest:
The well lying to the east of the Church, and traditionally that from which Moses drew up for the daughters of Jethro, was sufficient to supply the domestic needs of the monks and their guests; the water of the other, led by channels in the rock and carefully disposed pipes down through the sloping garden, made that a fertile and pleasant place, with grass and vegetable plots, rows of salad herbs, and the shade of many fruit trees—apple and pear, grapevines, oranges, figs and almonds, as well as so great a number of olive trees that, together with those in a more distant garden, they produced enough oil for the culinary use of the monastery, and for the multitude of lamps which hung in their Church. ("Once To Sinai" by H. F. M. Prescott).
2
یہ زیتون کے درخت کا ذکر ہے جس میں سے تیل بھی نکلتا ہے اور جسے بطور طعام کے بھی استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔
2525
Commentary:
The verse embodies yet another instance of God’s bountiful provision for the physical needs of man. The words 'Mount Sinai', however, draw attention to the fact that if God has made provision for man’s physical needs, He has not neglected to make similar provision for his spiritual needs and He has been doing so from time immemorial. The verse reminds us of the great prophecy of the Bible which is to the effect: "The Lord came from Sinai, and rose from Seir unto them; He shined forth from Mount Paran and he came with ten thousands of saints: from his right hand went a fiery law for them" (Deut. 33:2). The prophecy refers to the advent of Moses, the appearance of Jesus from Seir and to the coming of the Holy Prophet of Islam with a fiery Law. The Holy Prophet actually had ten thousand Companions with him when he entered Mecca as a conqueror. As to the identity of Paran see 2:130.
About the tree referred to in the verse which springs from Mount Sinai and produces oil the following extract may be read with interest:
The well lying to the east of the Church, and traditionally that from which Moses drew up for the daughters of Jethro, was sufficient to supply the domestic needs of the monks and their guests; the water of the other, led by channels in the rock and carefully disposed pipes down through the sloping garden, made that a fertile and pleasant place, with grass and vegetable plots, rows of salad herbs, and the shade of many fruit trees—apple and pear, grapevines, oranges, figs and almonds, as well as so great a number of olive trees that, together with those in a more distant garden, they produced enough oil for the culinary use of the monastery, and for the multitude of lamps which hung in their Church. ("Once To Sinai" by H. F. M. Prescott).
1990
The words, "Mount Sinai", remind us of the following great prophecy of the Bible:
'The Lord came from Sinai, and rose from Seir unto them; He shined forth from Mount Paran and he came with ten thousands of saints; from his right hand went a fiery law for them' (Deut. 33:2). See also "Once to Sinai" by H.F. Prescott.
۞ فَلَمَّا قَضَىٰ مُوسَى ٱلْأَجَلَ وَسَارَ بِأَهْلِهِۦٓ ءَانَسَ مِن جَانِبِ ٱلطُّورِ نَارًا قَالَ لِأَهْلِهِ ٱمْكُثُوٓا۟ إِنِّىٓ ءَانَسْتُ نَارًا لَّعَلِّىٓ ءَاتِيكُم مِّنْهَا بِخَبَرٍ أَوْ جَذْوَةٍ مِّنَ ٱلنَّارِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَصْطَلُونَ
20:11; 27:8.
دیکھئے نوٹ سورۂ نمل آیت۸۔
20:11; 27:8.
Seclusion and solitude are very essential for meditation and communion with the Divine Being. Moses sought separation from his family, in fact from all worldly contacts and connections, in order that he might be blessed with Divine communion.
20:11; 27:8.
Important Words:
جذوة (burning brand) is derived from جذا. They say جذا علی الشیء i.e. he stood firmly upon a thing. جذوة means, a brand or firebrand; a thick piece of firewood not flaming; a piece of fire; a live coal. They say فلان جذوة شر i.e. such a one is a kindler or a piece of mischief (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
Seclusion and solitude are very essential for meditation and communion with the Divine Being. Moses sought separation from his family, in fact from all worldly contacts and connections, in order that he might be blessed with communion with God.
a
20:11; 27:8.
2
دیکھئے نوٹ سورۂ نمل آیت۸۔
a
20:11; 27:8.
2895
Important Words:
جذوة (burning brand) is derived from جذا. They say جذا علی الشیء i.e. he stood firmly upon a thing. جذوة means, a brand or firebrand; a thick piece of firewood not flaming; a piece of fire; a live coal. They say فلان جذوة شر i.e. such a one is a kindler or a piece of mischief (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
Seclusion and solitude are very essential for meditation and communion with the Divine Being. Moses sought separation from his family, in fact from all worldly contacts and connections, in order that he might be blessed with communion with God.
a
20:11; 27:8.
2212
Seclusion and solitude are very essential for meditation and communion with the Divine Being. Moses sought separation from his family, in fact from all worldly contacts and connections, in order that he might be blessed with Divine communion.
وَمَا كُنتَ بِجَانِبِ ٱلْغَرْبِىِّ إِذْ قَضَيْنَآ إِلَىٰ مُوسَى ٱلْأَمْرَ وَمَا كُنتَ مِنَ ٱلشَّٰهِدِينَ
اس موقعہ پر وہ مشہور پیشگوئی موسیٰ علیہ السلام کو بتائی گئی تھی جس میں محمد رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کا ذکر ہے۔ اسی کی طرف اشارہ ہے کہ تو اس وقت نہیں تھا تو پھر تو نے موسیٰ علیہ السلام سے پیشگوئی کس طرح کروائی؟
The verse purports to say that the prophecy of Moses about the advent of the Holy Prophet (Deut. 18: 18) has been fulfilled so clearly and in such detail as if he was present in person with Moses when the latter was making the prophecy.
Commentary:
The verse purports to say that the prophecy of Moses about the advent of the Holy Prophet (Deut. 18:18) has been fulfilled so clearly and in such detail as if he was present in person with Moses and the latter was actually seeing him when he was making the prophecy. The verse possesses a double significance. It proves the truth of Moses himself, inasmuch as he made a prophecy about the advent of the Holy Prophet which was literally fulfilled, and it proves also the truth of the Holy Prophet, as the prophecy made by Moses about the advent of "a Prophet like unto him from among the brethren of the Israelites" was fulfilled in his person in letter and in spirit.
1
اس موقعہ پر وہ مشہور پیشگوئی موسیٰ علیہ السلام کو بتائی گئی تھی جس میں محمد رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کا ذکر ہے۔ اسی کی طرف اشارہ ہے کہ تو اس وقت نہیں تھا تو پھر تو نے موسیٰ علیہ السلام سے پیشگوئی کس طرح کروائی؟
2907
Commentary:
The verse purports to say that the prophecy of Moses about the advent of the Holy Prophet (Deut. 18:18) has been fulfilled so clearly and in such detail as if he was present in person with Moses and the latter was actually seeing him when he was making the prophecy. The verse possesses a double significance. It proves the truth of Moses himself, inasmuch as he made a prophecy about the advent of the Holy Prophet which was literally fulfilled, and it proves also the truth of the Holy Prophet, as the prophecy made by Moses about the advent of "a Prophet like unto him from among the brethren of the Israelites" was fulfilled in his person in letter and in spirit.
2218
The verse purports to say that the prophecy of Moses about the advent of the Holy Prophet (Deut. 18: 18) has been fulfilled so clearly and in such detail as if he was present in person with Moses when the latter was making the prophecy.
وَمَا كُنتَ بِجَانِبِ ٱلطُّورِ إِذْ نَادَيْنَا وَلَٰكِن رَّحْمَةً مِّن رَّبِّكَ لِتُنذِرَ قَوْمًا مَّآ أَتَىٰهُم مِّن نَّذِيرٍ مِّن قَبْلِكَ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَذَكَّرُونَ
یعنی کفار مکہ کہ گو ابراہیمؑ کی نسل سے تھے مگر ابراہیمؑ ان سے صدیوں پہلے گذرے تھے۔ پس ضروری تھا کہ کوئی نیا نبی آکر ان کو خدا کی طرف توجہ دلائے۔
20:12, 13; 79:17.
32:4; 36:7.
The verse implies that it was not possible for the Holy Prophet first to have caused Moses to make a prophecy concerning him (Deut. 18: 18) and then to have claimed to have come in fulfilment of that prophecy.
20:12-13; 79:17.
32:4; 36:7.
Commentary:
The present verse continues the theme of the preceding two verses and purports to say that God spoke to Moses at the side of Mount Sinai, giving him the glad tidings that a Prophet like unto him would appear among the brethren of the Israelites (Deut. 18:18). It further implies that it was not possible for the Holy Prophet first to have caused Moses to make a prophecy concerning him and then to have claimed to have come in fulfilment of that prophecy. The verse emphasizes the fact that one Prophet (Moses) made a prophecy concerning another Prophet (the Holy Prophet) about two thousand years ago in a place far away from the scene of the activities of the latter, and that that prophecy was literally fulfilled in him. It proves beyond the shadow of a doubt that the maker of the prophecy, and he about whom the prophecy was made were both true Prophets of God.
d
20:12, 13; 79:17.
e
32:4; 36:7.
1
یعنی کفار مکہ کہ گو ابراہیمؑ کی نسل سے تھے مگر ابراہیمؑ ان سے صدیوں پہلے گذرے تھے۔ پس ضروری تھا کہ کوئی نیا نبی آکر ان کو خدا کی طرف توجہ دلائے۔
a
20:12-13; 79:17.
b
32:4; 36:7.
2909
Commentary:
The present verse continues the theme of the preceding two verses and purports to say that God spoke to Moses at the side of Mount Sinai, giving him the glad tidings that a Prophet like unto him would appear among the brethren of the Israelites (Deut. 18:18). It further implies that it was not possible for the Holy Prophet first to have caused Moses to make a prophecy concerning him and then to have claimed to have come in fulfilment of that prophecy. The verse emphasizes the fact that one Prophet (Moses) made a prophecy concerning another Prophet (the Holy Prophet) about two thousand years ago in a place far away from the scene of the activities of the latter, and that that prophecy was literally fulfilled in him. It proves beyond the shadow of a doubt that the maker of the prophecy, and he about whom the prophecy was made were both true Prophets of God.
a
20:12, 13; 79:17.
b
32:4; 36:7.
2220
The verse implies that it was not possible for the Holy Prophet first to have caused Moses to make a prophecy concerning him (Deut. 18: 18) and then to have claimed to have come in fulfilment of that prophecy.
وَكِتَٰبٍ مَّسْطُورٍ
اس لکھی ہوئی کتاب سے مراد خود قرآن کریم ہے جس سے صداقت محمد صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم روز روشن کی طرح ثابت ہے۔
The Qur’an or the Book of Moses, preferably the former.
Commentary:
The expression "a Book inscribed," may refer to both the Quran and the Book of Moses, preferably to the former.
2
اس لکھی ہوئی کتاب سے مراد خود قرآن کریم ہے جس سے صداقت محمد صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم روز روشن کی طرح ثابت ہے۔
3931
Commentary:
The expression "a Book inscribed," may refer to both the Quran and the Book of Moses, preferably to the former.
2844
The Qur’an or the Book of Moses, preferably the former.
وَٱلتِّينِ وَٱلزَّيْتُونِ
“无花果”、“橄榄果”、“西奈山” 和 “这座安全的城市” 等都用来作为证据, 表示支持和加强这章经文中提出的主张: 穆圣的使命将取得成就。“无花果” 和 “橄榄果” 象征伊撒; “西奈山” 象征穆撒; “这座安全的城市” 象征穆圣。这三节经文一起, 是指 «圣经» 中有名的一段 (申命记 33:2)。然而根据有些 «古兰经» 注释家的看法, “无花果” 代表佛教, “橄榄果” 代表基督教, “西奈山” 代表犹太教, “安全的城市” 代表伊斯兰教的穆圣。但是用在这几节经文中的象征意义的最恰当的解释也许是这样的解释, 那就是, 这四个词代表人类道德发展史上的四个时期, “无花果” 代表阿丹 (亚当) 时代, “橄榄果” 代表努哈 (诺亚) 时代, “西奈山” 代表穆撒 (摩西) 时代, “安全的城市” 象征伊斯兰教时代。这个解释可以在 «圣经» 和 «古兰经» 中找到充份的证据。当阿丹和哈娲 (夏娃) 吃到禁果并发现自己赤身裸体之后, 他们把无花果树叶缝在一起, 为自己做了围裙 («创世记»3:7)。关于努哈我们读到: “到了晚上, 鸽子回到他那里, 嘴里叼着一片新的橄榄叶, 诺亚就知道地上的水都干了。” («创世记»8:11)。这是大家接受的事实: 穆撒在西奈山接受命谕, 而伊斯兰教的诞生地麦加自古以来就被认为并被证明是 “安全的城市”。这四个时期代表了人类为达到他完全发展的阶段所经过的四个循环。在阿丹的循环时代中, 人类文明的基础奠定了。努哈是宗教法律 (شَرِيْعَة, Shari‘ah) 的创始者。在穆撒时代的循环中, 宗教法律的细节得到了启示, 而随着穆圣的降临, 宗教法律在各方面都趋于完善, 毫无缺陷, 人类在智力上、社会上、道德上和精神上都达到了完全的发展。“无花果” 也可以象征穆撒的教规, “橄榄果” 象征伊斯兰的教规。这个明喻用 “西奈山” 和 “这个安全的城市” 这样的词以更具体的形式得到了进一步的表达。
انجیر کے لفظ سے حضرت آدم علیہ السلام کی طرف اشارہ ہے۔ جو یہ ہے کہ انسانی فطرت کو اعلیٰ درجہ کا پیدا کیا گیا ہے۔ کیونکہ آدمؑ کے متعلق بائیبل میں لکھا ہے کہ خدا نے اس کو اپنی صورت پر پیدا کیا (پیدائش باب۱) اور قرآن مجید میں لکھا ہے کہ خداتعالیٰ نے اس کو اپنا خلیفہ بنایا (بقرہ: ۳۱) پس دونوں کتابوں کے اتفاق سے معلوم ہوتا ہے کہ آدمؑ کی اولاد آدم کی صفات کو لے کر نیک پیدا ہوگی اور اس کی پیدائش میں بدی کی جڑ نہیں آئے گی بلکہ نیکی کی جڑ آئے گی۔ اسی کی طرف اشارہ کرنے کے لئے اس جگہ انجیر کو شہادت کے طور پر پیش کیا گیا ہے۔ بائبل میں لکھا ہے کہ جب آدمؑ اور حَوَّا کو یہ احساس ہوا کہ ہم
زیتون کا ذکر اس لئے کیا گیا ہے کہ زیتون کی شاخ حضرت نوحؑ کے واقعہ کو یاد دلاتی ہے اور وہ بھی رحم اور امن کے واقعہ کو۔ چنانچہ بائیبل میں لکھا ہے کہ حضرت نوحؑ کی کشتی جب جودی یعنی اَرَارَاط پر پہنچی تو حضرت نوحؑ نے مختلف پرندوں کو چھوڑا تا کہ وہ پتہ لیکر آئیں کہ کہیں زمین بھی نظر آتی ہے یا نہیں۔ آخر میں انہوں نے کبوتری چھوڑی جب وہ واپس آئی تو زیتون کی ایک تازہ پتی اس کے منہ میں تھی۔ جس سے حضرت نوحؑ نے سمجھ لیا کہ اب خدا کی طرف سے فضل نازل ہو گیا ہے اور زمین نظر آنے لگ گئی ہے۔ چنانچہ وہ اپنے قافلہ سمیت وہاں اتر گئے۔ قرآن مجید میں جہاں کشتی ٹھہری تھی اس کا نام جُوْدِی</
"The Fig," "the Olive," "Mount Sinai" and "this Town of Security" have been invoked as witnesses to support and substantiate the claim made in the Surah that the Holy Prophet shall succeed in his mission. "The Fig" and "the Olive" are symbolic of Jesus; "Mount Sinai" of Moses; and "this Town of Security" of the Holy Prophet. These three verses together point to the well- known biblical reference, 'The Lord came from Sinai, and rose up from Seir with them; and He shined forth from Mount Paran' (Deut. 33:2). According to some Commentators, however, "the Fig" stands for Buddhism, "the Olive" for Christianity, "Mount Sinai" for Judaism and "the City of Security" for the Holy Prophet of Islam. But perhaps the best explanation of the symbolism used in these verses is the one according to which the four words represent four periods in the history of human moral evolution, "the Fig" representing the era of Adam, "the Olive" that of Noah, "Mount Sinai" that of Moses and "this Town of Security" symbolising th
1732
“无花果”、“橄榄果”、“西奈山” 和 “这座安全的城市” 等都用来作为证据, 表示支持和加强这章经文中提出的主张: 穆圣的使命将取得成就。“无花果” 和 “橄榄果” 象征伊撒; “西奈山” 象征穆撒; “这座安全的城市” 象征穆圣。这三节经文一起, 是指 «圣经» 中有名的一段 (申命记 33:2)。然而根据有些 «古兰经» 注释家的看法, “无花果” 代表佛教, “橄榄果” 代表基督教, “西奈山” 代表犹太教, “安全的城市” 代表伊斯兰教的穆圣。但是用在这几节经文中的象征意义的最恰当的解释也许是这样的解释, 那就是, 这四个词代表人类道德发展史上的四个时期, “无花果” 代表阿丹 (亚当) 时代, “橄榄果” 代表努哈 (诺亚) 时代, “西奈山” 代表穆撒 (摩西) 时代, “安全的城市” 象征伊斯兰教时代。这个解释可以在 «圣经» 和 «古兰经» 中找到充份的证据。当阿丹和哈娲 (夏娃) 吃到禁果并发现自己赤身裸体之后, 他们把无花果树叶缝在一起, 为自己做了围裙 («创世记»3:7)。关于努哈我们读到: “到了晚上, 鸽子回到他那里, 嘴里叼着一片新的橄榄叶, 诺亚就知道地上的水都干了。” («创世记»8:11)。这是大家接受的事实: 穆撒在西奈山接受命谕, 而伊斯兰教的诞生地麦加自古以来就被认为并被证明是 “安全的城市”。这四个时期代表了人类为达到他完全发展的阶段所经过的四个循环。在阿丹的循环时代中, 人类文明的基础奠定了。努哈是宗教法律 (شَرِيْعَة, Shari‘ah) 的创始者。在穆撒时代的循环中, 宗教法律的细节得到了启示, 而随着穆圣的降临, 宗教法律在各方面都趋于完善, 毫无缺陷, 人类在智力上、社会上、道德上和精神上都达到了完全的发展。“无花果” 也可以象征穆撒的教规, “橄榄果” 象征伊斯兰的教规。这个明喻用 “西奈山” 和 “这个安全的城市” 这样的词以更具体的形式得到了进一步的表达。
1
انجیر کے لفظ سے حضرت آدم علیہ السلام کی طرف اشارہ ہے۔ جو یہ ہے کہ انسانی فطرت کو اعلیٰ درجہ کا پیدا کیا گیا ہے۔ کیونکہ آدمؑ کے متعلق بائیبل میں لکھا ہے کہ خدا نے اس کو اپنی صورت پر پیدا کیا (پیدائش باب۱) اور قرآن مجید میں لکھا ہے کہ خداتعالیٰ نے اس کو اپنا خلیفہ بنایا (بقرہ: ۳۱) پس دونوں کتابوں کے اتفاق سے معلوم ہوتا ہے کہ آدمؑ کی اولاد آدم کی صفات کو لے کر نیک پیدا ہوگی اور اس کی پیدائش میں بدی کی جڑ نہیں آئے گی بلکہ نیکی کی جڑ آئے گی۔ اسی کی طرف اشارہ کرنے کے لئے اس جگہ انجیر کو شہادت کے طور پر پیش کیا گیا ہے۔ بائبل میں لکھا ہے کہ جب آدمؑ اور حَوَّا کو یہ احساس ہوا کہ ہم
2
زیتون کا ذکر اس لئے کیا گیا ہے کہ زیتون کی شاخ حضرت نوحؑ کے واقعہ کو یاد دلاتی ہے اور وہ بھی رحم اور امن کے واقعہ کو۔ چنانچہ بائیبل میں لکھا ہے کہ حضرت نوحؑ کی کشتی جب جودی یعنی اَرَارَاط پر پہنچی تو حضرت نوحؑ نے مختلف پرندوں کو چھوڑا تا کہ وہ پتہ لیکر آئیں کہ کہیں زمین بھی نظر آتی ہے یا نہیں۔ آخر میں انہوں نے کبوتری چھوڑی جب وہ واپس آئی تو زیتون کی ایک تازہ پتی اس کے منہ میں تھی۔ جس سے حضرت نوحؑ نے سمجھ لیا کہ اب خدا کی طرف سے فضل نازل ہو گیا ہے اور زمین نظر آنے لگ گئی ہے۔ چنانچہ وہ اپنے قافلہ سمیت وہاں اتر گئے۔ قرآن مجید میں جہاں کشتی ٹھہری تھی اس کا نام جُوْدِی</
3383
"The Fig," "the Olive," "Mount Sinai" and "this Town of Security" have been invoked as witnesses to support and substantiate the claim made in the Surah that the Holy Prophet shall succeed in his mission. "The Fig" and "the Olive" are symbolic of Jesus; "Mount Sinai" of Moses; and "this Town of Security" of the Holy Prophet. These three verses together point to the well- known biblical reference, 'The Lord came from Sinai, and rose up from Seir with them; and He shined forth from Mount Paran' (Deut. 33:2). According to some Commentators, however, "the Fig" stands for Buddhism, "the Olive" for Christianity, "Mount Sinai" for Judaism and "the City of Security" for the Holy Prophet of Islam. But perhaps the best explanation of the symbolism used in these verses is the one according to which the four words represent four periods in the history of human moral evolution, "the Fig" representing the era of Adam, "the Olive" that of Noah, "Mount Sinai" that of Moses and "this Town of Security" symbolising th
وَطُورِ سِينِينَ
سَیْنَاء تو مفرد ے مگر اس جگہ جمع استعمال ہوا ہے اس کی وجہ یہ ہے کہ سینا پہاڑوں کے ایک لمبے سلسلہ کا نام ہے اور یہودی تاریخ سب پہاڑوں کو سینا قرار دیتی ہے۔ قرآن مجیدنے ان کے متعدد ہونے کی وجہ سے سینا کو سینین کہا ہے اور موجودہ تاریخ اور جغرافیہ میں کثرت سے اس کی تائید میں شواہد پائے جاتے ہیں۔
b
52:2.
1733
سِيْنِيْن (Sinin) 是复数, 说明在那个地区有几座山都用这个名称。安拉在其中的一座山上向穆撒显示他自己的光辉。
1
سَیْنَاء تو مفرد ے مگر اس جگہ جمع استعمال ہوا ہے اس کی وجہ یہ ہے کہ سینا پہاڑوں کے ایک لمبے سلسلہ کا نام ہے اور یہودی تاریخ سب پہاڑوں کو سینا قرار دیتی ہے۔ قرآن مجیدنے ان کے متعدد ہونے کی وجہ سے سینا کو سینین کہا ہے اور موجودہ تاریخ اور جغرافیہ میں کثرت سے اس کی تائید میں شواہد پائے جاتے ہیں۔
b
52:2.
4777
Commentary:
See next verse. The word سینین being in the plural shows that there are several mountains of this name in that region. On one of these God manifested Himself to Moses.
b
52:2.
3383A
The word sinin being in the plural shows that there are several mountains of this name in that region. On one of them God manifested Himself to Moses.