[1]
فَدَاهُ , (T, S, M, &c.,) aor.
يَفْدِيهِ, (Msb, K,)
inf. n.
فِدَآءٌ (T, S, M, Mgh, K,) [omitted in my
copy of the Msb, probably by inadvertence,]) and
فَدًى, (Mgh,) or
فِدًى, (so in the M, accord. to
the TT,) or also both of these, (Fr, T, S, Msb,
K,) the latter of them said by Fr, on one occasion, to be the more common, (T, TA,) [which
is the case when it is a subst., like
فِدْيَةٌ,] but
'Alee Ibn-Suleymán El-Akhfash [i. e. El-Akhfash
El-Asghar] is related to have said that this is not
allowable except by poetic license, and El-Kálee
says that
الفِدَى was used by the Arabs in conjunction with
الحِمَى, [see
حِمَآءُ, in art.
حمى,]
but other forms were used in other cases [among
which he seems to mention
فَدَآء, with fet-h and
the lengthened alif, but the words in which I find
this expressed are somewhat ambiguous, and are
also rendered doubtful by an erasure and an
alteration]; (TA;) and ↓
افتداهُ, (M,) [whence
an ex. in a verse which will be found in what
follows,] or
افتدى ↓
بِهِ (K, TA) and
مِنْهُ, (TA,)
[but I do not know
افتدى in either of these
phrases as having any other than the well-known
meaning of
فَدَى نَفْسَهُ, which is strangely omitted
in the K;] and know ↓
فادِاهُ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K, TA,)
inf. n.
مُفَادَاةٌ and
فِدَآءٌ; (Msb, TA;) but some
explain this differently [as will be shown in what
follows]; (T, Mgh, Msb, TA;)
He gave his
ransom; (S;)
he gave a thing, (K, TA, [
اَعْطاهُ in
the CK being a mistake for
أَعْطَى, without the
affixed pronoun,]) or
a captive, for him, (TA,)
and so liberated him; (K, TA;) [i. e.
he ransomed him;] or
he liberated him, or
ransomed
him, مِنَ الأَسْرِ [
from captivity]: (Mgh, Msb:)
or ↓
فاداهُ signifies
he loosed him, or
set him free,
and took his ransom: (Mgh, Msb, TA:) or
مُفَادَاةٌ
signifies the
giving a man
and taking a man [
in
exchange]: and
فِدَآءٌ, [as inf. n. of
فَدَاهُ,] the
purchasing him [
from captivity or
the like]: (Mbr,
T, Mgh, Msb, TA:) or the
preserving a man
from misfortune by what one gives by way of
compensation for him; as also
فَدًى: (Er-Rághib,
TA:) you say,
فَدَيْتُهُ بِمَالِى I purchased [i. e.
ransomed]
him with my property, and
بِنَفْسِى with
myself: (T:) or, accord. to Nuseyr Er-Rázee,
the Arabs say,
فَادَيْتُ ↓
الأَسِيرَ [
I ransomed the
captive], and
فَدَيْتُهُ بِأَبِى وَ أُمِى [
I ransomed him
in a tropical sense
with my father and my mother],
and
بِمَالٍ [
with property], as though thou purchasedst him and freedst him therewith, when he
was not a captive; and you may say,
فَدَيْتُ
الأَسيرَ meaning
I freed the captive from the state
in which he was, though ↓
فَادَيْتُ is better in this
sense: as to the reading
تَفْدُوهُمْ [in the Kur ii.
79], Aboo-Mo'ádh says, it means
Ye purchase
them from the enemy and liberate them; but the
reading ↓
تُفَادُوهُمْ, he says, means
ye contend with
them who are in your hands respecting the price
and they so contend with you: (T, TA:) [that
↓
افتداهُ is syn. with
فَدَاهُ is shown by what here
follows:] a poet says,
يُفْتَدَى لَفَدَيْتُهُ فَلَوْ كَانَ مَيتٌ
بِمَا لَمْ تَكُنْ عَنْهُ النُّفُوسُ تَطِيبُ
[
And if a person dead were to be ransomed,
assuredly I would ransom him with what minds
would not be willing to relinquish]. (M, TA.) ―
2-b2-
[The inf. ns. of the first of these verbs are much
used in precative phrases:] they said,
فَدًى لَكَ
[for
فَدَاكَ فَدًى, and therefore virtually meaning
فُدِيتَ Mayest thou be ransomed; the
ل being
لِلتَّبْيِينِ i. e. “ for the purpose of notifying ” the
person addressed]: (TA:) and
بِى أَ فَدًى لَكَ [for
فَدَاكَ أَبِى بِنَفْسِهِ فَدًى, and therefore virtually
meaning simply
فَدَاكَ أَبِى بِنَفْسِهِ May my father
ransom thee with himself; so that it may be well
rendered
may my father be a ransom for thee]:
(S:) and
فِدَآء, with tenween, some of the Arabs
pronounce with kesr [to the
ء, i. e. they pronounce
فِدَآء with the tenween of kesr], peculiarly when it
is next to [meaning immediately followed by] the
preposition
ل, saying
فِدَآءٍ لَكَ, because it is indeterminate; they intending thereby the meaning
of a prayer; and As has cited [as an ex. thereof]
the saying of En-Nábighah [Edh-Dhubyánee],
مَهْلًا فِدَآءٍ لَكَ الأَقْوَامُ كُلُّهُمُ
وَمَا أُثَمِرُ مِنْ مَالٍ وَمِنْ وَلَدِ
[
Act gently: may the peoples, all of them, and
what I make to be abundant of wealth and of
offspring, give themselves as a ransom, or
be a
ransom, for thee: فِدَآءٍ being app. assimilated to
an indeterminate imperative verbal noun such
as
صَهٍ in the phrase
صَهٍ يَا رَجُلُ, which is as
though one said
اُسْكُتْ سُكُوتًا يَا رَجُلُ; thus meaning here
لِيَفْدِكَ: but De Sacy mentions, in his
“ Chrest. Arabe, ” see. ed., vol. ii., p. 460, three
allowable readings (not the foregoing reading) in
this verse, namely,
فدآءٌ and
فدآءً and
فدآءٍ; and
adds that what here follows is said by a commentator to be, of several explanations, that which is
the right:
والقول الآخر وهو الصحيح ان فدآءِ بمعنى
ليُفدِكَ فبناه كما بنى الامر وكذلك تَراكِ و دَراكِ لانه
بمعنى اترك و ادرك: this, it will be observed, is
similar to the explanation which I have offered
of
فِدَآءٍ لك; for
ليُفدِك is app. a typographical
mistake for
ليَفدِك: and I incline to think that
فدآءِ, though supposed to be correct and therefore
likened to
تَراكِ and
دَراكِ, is a mistake of a copyist
for
فدآءٍ; and the more so because I find in Ahlwardt's “ Divans of the Six Ancient Arabic
Poets ” the three readings
فِداءٌ and
فِداءً and
فِداءٍ,
but not
فِداءِ]. (S, TA.) ―
2-b3-
وَفَدَيْنَاهُ بِذِبْحٍ [in the
Kur xxxvii. 107] means
And we made an animal
prepared for sacrifice to be a ransom for him, and
freed him from slaughter. (T, TA.) ―
2-b4-
فَدَتْ
نَفْسَهَا مِنْ زَوْجِهَا and ↓
افتدت [alone] mean
She
gave property to her husband so that she became
free from him by divorce. (Msb, TA.) ―
2-b5- See
also what next follows.