[1]
سَبَقَهُ , (S, O, Msb, K, &c.,) aor.
سَبِقَ (O, Msb,
K) and
سَبُقَ , (O, K,) but the former is of higher
authority, or more usual, (O, TA,) inf. n. سَبْقٌ,
(S, Msb,) He preceded him; he was, or became,
got, went, or came, before him, or ahead of him;
he outwent, or outstripped, him; he had, got, or
took, precedence of him; syn. تَقَدَّمَهُ; (K, TA;)
in running, and in everything. (TA.) Some
read, in the Kur [xxi. 27], لَا يَسْبُقُونَهُ بِالقَوْلِ, thus,
with damm, meaning They say not [anything]
without his having taught them: (O, TA:) or
they say not anything until He has said it:
originally, لَا يَسْبُِقُ قَوْلُهُمْ قَوْلَهُ [their saying does
not precede his saying]: this reading is from the
phrase سَابَقْتُهُ فَسَبَقْتُهُ, [expl. below,] aor. of the
latter أَسْبُقُهُ. (Bd.) See 3. ―
2-b2- سَبَقَ الفَرَسُ فِى
الحَلْبَةِ The horse outstripped, or came in first,
among those started together for a wager, or in
the race-ground. (O, K.) Hence the trad. of
'Alee, سَبَقَ رَسُولُ ٱللّٰهِ وَصَلَّى أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَثَلَّثَ عُمَرُ
(assumed tropical:) [The Apostle of God came in first in the race,
and Aboo-Bekr came in next, and 'Omar came
in third]. (O, TA.) [And سَبَقَ used in like
manner with the objective complement understood means He preceded, &c., as above; and
hence, he was, or became, first, foremost, or
beforehand; he had, or got, the priority, or precedence. And He was, or became, one of the
first or foremost: see سَابِقٌ. See also قَصَبُ السَّبْقِ
in art. قصب.] ―
2-b3- سَبَقَ النَّاسَ إِلَى الأَمْرِ [He preceded the other people; was, or became, before
them; or had, got, or took, precedence of them;
in betaking, or applying, himself to the affair].
(S, K.) And in like manner one says, لَهُ سَبْقٌ فِى
هٰذَا الأَمْرِ To him belongs priority, or precedence,
in this affair; like سَابِقَةٌ; syn. قُدْمَةٌ. (A, TA.)
―
2-b4- [Hence,] سَبَقَ وَهْمُهُ إِلَى شَىْءٍ فَغَلِطَ فِيهِ (assumed tropical:) [He
preconceived a thing, and therefore made a mistake, or erred, respecting it]. (Msb, in explanation of دُخِلَ عَلَيْهِ.) [And سَبَقَ ذِهْنُهُ إِلَى الشَّىْءِ
means in like manner (assumed tropical:) He preconceived the
thing: or his mind adverted hastily, before reflection, or without premeditation, to the thing;
from what next follows.] ―
2-b5- سَبَقَ إِلَيْهِمْ He went,
or passed, hastily, or quickly, to them. (TA.) ―
2-b6-
[And hence,] سَبَقَ إِلَيْهِ مِنِّى قَوْلٌ (assumed tropical:) A saying proceeded hastily, before reflection, or without premeditation, to him from me; syn. فَرَطَ: (S in
art. فرط:) and سَبَقَ مِنْهُ كَلَامٌ (assumed tropical:) speech proceeded
hastily, &c., from him; syn. فَرَطَ: (Msb in that
art.:) [but this phrase also means, more agreeably
with the primary signification of the verb, (assumed tropical:) speech
proceeded previously from him; (see the Kur
x. 20, &c.;) and in like manner the former phrase.]
See also 8. And سَبَقَهُ القَىْءُ, (S, Msb, K, all in
art. ذرع,) i. e. سَبَقَهُ فِى الخُرُوجِ إِلَى فِيهِ [meaning
(assumed tropical:) The vomit came forth to his mouth before he
was aware]. (TA in that art.) [And سَبَقَ القَلَمُ
(assumed tropical:) The pen anticipated, skipping over something,
in transcribing.] ―
2-b7- One says also, سَبَقْتُ عَلَيْهٍ,
meaning (tropical:) I overcame him. (TA.) And سَبَقَ
عَلَى قَوْمِهِ (assumed tropical:) He overcame his people in generosity.
(TA.) And سَبَقَهُ فِى الكَرَمِ (assumed tropical:) He exceeded him in
generosity. (TA.)