Stem خَلَفْ - Quranic Morphology

English - Hazrat Molavi Sher Ali ^ra

And when Moses returned to his people, indignant and grieved, he said, ‘Evil is that which you did in my place in my absence. Did you hasten to devise a way for yourselves without waiting for the command of your Lord?’ And he put down the tablets, and caught hold of his brother’s head, dragging him towards himself. He (Aaron) said, ‘Son of my mother, the people indeed deemed me weak, and were about to kill me. Therefore make not the enemies rejoice over me, and place me not with the unjust people.’

اردو ترجمہ مرزا طاہر احمد خلیفة المسیح الرابعؒ

اور جب موسیٰ اپنی قوم کی طرف سخت طیش کی حالت میں افسوس کرتا ہوا لوٹا تو اس نے کہا میرے بعد تم لوگوں نے میری بہت بری جانشینی کی ہے۔ کیا تم نے اپنے ربّ کے حکم کے بارہ میں جلد بازی سے کام لیا؟ اور اُس نے تختیاں (نیچے) ڈال دیں اور اس نے اپنے بھائی کے سر کو پکڑا اسے اپنی طرف کھینچتے ہوئے۔ اس نے کہا اے میری ماں کے بیٹے! یقیناً قوم نے مجھے بے بس کردیا۔ اور قریب تھا کہ وہ مجھے قتل کر دیتے۔ پس مجھے دشمنوں کی ہنسی کا نشانہ نہ بنا اور مجھے ظالم لوگوں کے زُمرہ میں شمار نہ کر۔

French

Et lorsque Moïse retourna auprès de son peuple, courroucé et affligé, il dit : « Comme vous avez mal agi en mon absence et à ma place ! Etiez-vous trop pressés pour attendre le commandement de votre Seigneur ? » Il déposa les Tablettes et empoigna son frère par la tête, le tirant à lui. Aaron dit : « Ô fils de ma mère, le peuple en vérité me prit pour faible et était sur le point de me tuer. Ne me fais donc pas la risée des ennemis, et ne me mets pas au nombre des injustes. »

German

Als Moses zu seinem Volke zurückkehrte, zornig und bekümmert, da sprach er: "Schlimm ist, was ihr in meiner Abwesenheit an meiner Stelle verübtet. Wolltet ihr den Befehl eures Herrn beschleunigen?" Und er warf die Tafeln hin und packte seinen Bruder beim Kopf, ihn zu sich zerrend. Er (Aaron) sprach: "Sohn meiner Mutter, siehe, das Volk hielt mich für schwach, und fast hätten sie mich getötet. Drum lasse nicht die Feinde über mich frohlocken und schlage mich nicht zum Volk der Ungerechten."

Chinese

当穆撒愤怒、憾恨地[a]回到自己的族人那里, (对他们) 说: “我离开以后你们代替我做的太坏了! 你们在你们养主命令方面操之过急, (对我的晚归感到不安)?” 穆撒把 (启示的) 版子放在地上, [b]揪住他弟兄的头发, 把他拉向自己。他 (哈伦) 便说: “我妈的儿子啊! 族人认为我软弱无能, 几乎把我杀了。所以你不要给敌人耻笑我的机会, 不要把我算做不义的人。”

Italian

E quando Mosè tornò al suo popolo pieno di sdegno e di dolore, disse: «Male è quanto avete fatto al mio posto in mia assenza. Vi siete affrettati a escogitare una via per conto vostro, senza attendere il comando del vostro Signore?» Ed egli depose le tavole, e afferrò suo fratello per la testa, tirandolo a sé. Aronne disse: «Figlio di mia madre, invero il popolo mi ha ritenuto debole e stava per uccidermi. Dunque non fare in modo che i nemici si rallegrino di me e non pormi con il popolo degli ingiusti.»

Spanish

Y cuando Moisés volvió a su pueblo, indignado y entristecido, dijo: “es abominable lo que hicisteis en mi lugar y en mi ausencia. ¿Os apresurasteis a buscar un camino para vosotros sin esperar la orden de vuestro Señor?”. Entonces arrojó las Tablas y asió la cabeza de su hermano, atrayéndolo hacia sí. Él (Aarón) dijo: “Hijo de mi madre, el pueblo en verdad me consideró débil y estuvieron a punto de atarme. No hagas, pues, que los enemigos se alegren de mi desgracia ni me coloques entre los injustos”.

اردو تفسیرِ صغیر

اور جب موسیٰ اپنی قوم کی طرف غصہ اور افسوس سے بھرا ہوا لوٹا تو اس نے کہا کہ میرے بعد جو تم نے میری نمائندگی کی وہ بہت بری تھی۔ کیا تم نے اپنے رب کے حکم کے معاملہ میں جلدی کی (اور گھبرا گئے کہ موسیٰ اب تک کیوں نہیں آئے) اس وقت موسیٰ نے وحی کی تختیاں زمین پر رکھ دیں اور اپنے بھائی کے سر کے بال پکڑ کر اسے اپنی طرف گھسیٹنا شروع کیا (اس پر) اس نے کہا‘ اے میری ماں کے بیٹے! قوم نے مجھے کمزور جانا اور قریب تھا کہ وہ مجھے قتل کر دیتے۔ پس دشمنوں کو مجھ پر[1] ہنسی کا موقعہ نہ دے اور مجھے ظالم لوگوں میں شمار نہ کر۔

English - Short Commentary Translation

And when Moses [a]returned to his people, indignant and grieved, he said, ‘Evil is that which you did in my place in my absence. Did you hasten to devise a way for yourselves without waiting for the command of your Lord?’ And he put down the Tablets and [b]seized his brother by the head, dragging him towards himself.[1055] Aaron said, ‘Son of my mother,[1056] the people indeed deemed me weak, and were about to kill me. Therefore make not the enemies rejoice over my misfortune and lace me not with the unjust people.’

English - Five Volume Translation

And [a]when Moses returned to his people, indignant and grieved, he said, ‘Evil is that which you did in my place in my absence. Did you hasten to devise a way for yourselves without waiting for the command of your Lord?’ And he put down the tablets, and [b]caught hold of his brother’s head, dragging him towards himself. He (Aaron) said, ‘Son of my mother, the people indeed deemed me weak, and were about to kill me. Therefore make not the enemies rejoice over me, and place me not with the unjust people.’[1040]

20:87.

20:95.

Important Words:

فلاتشمت (make not rejoice). تشمت is formed from اشمت which is derived from شمت. They say شمت or شمت به i.e. he (an enemy) rejoiced; or he (someone) rejoiced at his enemy’s affliction. اشمته الله به means, God made him (the enemy) rejoice at his affliction. شمت علی العاطس means, he prayed for the sneezer that he might not be in a state in which his enemy might rejoice at his affliction (Lane).

Commentary:

When the return of Moses was delayed owing to the ten additional nights, his followers became impatient and thought that he was lost. They expressed their impatience in the words "we wot not what is become of him" (Exod. 32:1).

According to the Bible, Moses cast the tablets out of his hands and broke them beneath the Mount, so that they had to be renewed (Exod. 32:19; 34:1). But this is not borne out by the Quran which simply states, And he put down the tablets and this is more in harmony with the dignity of a Prophet.

Moses caught hold of Aaron’s head, not because the latter had abetted calf-worship, as he is represented to have done in the Bible (Exod. 32:2-4), but because he did not successfully prevent the people from worshipping the calf. As Moses’ representative, he should have effectively prevented the people from idol-worship, but he failed to do so. So the display of anger on the part of Moses was due not to any religious or legal offence committed by Aaron, but to his failure to manage affairs properly in the absence of Moses. Aaron had hoped that Moses would set things right on his return. That was only an error of judgement or lack of proper control, not a legal or religious offence.

The way in which Moses treated Aaron also shows that the latter was subordinate to the former. The treatment, however, should not be taken as a display of rough manners on the part of Moses. The anger of Moses was justified because a great sacrilege had been committed and the very work of his life was jeopardized; and Aaron being subordinate to Moses, the latter was entitled to take disciplinary action.

The words, Son of my mother, were used by Aaron not because Moses was a half-brother to him but because he wished to make an effective appeal to his feelings of tenderness and affection, and in this he succeeded.

The meaning of the particle مع (with) in the clause, and place me not with the unjust people, helps to explain its real sense in 4:70. Here, as well as there the particle gives the meaning of "among".

اردو ترجمہ مودودی

ادھر سے موسیٰؑ غصے اور رنج میں بھرا ہوا اپنی قوم کی طرف پلٹا آتے ہی اس نے کہا "بہت بری جانشینی کی تم لوگوں نے میرے بعد! کیا تم سے اتنا صبر نہ ہوا کہ اپنے رب کے حکم کا انتظار کر لیتے؟" اور تختیاں پھینک دیں اور اپنے بھا ئی (ہارونؑ) کے سر کے بال پکڑ کر اسے کھینچا ہارونؑ نے کہا "اے میری ماں کے بیٹے، اِن لوگوں نے مجھے دبا لیا اور قریب تھا کہ مجھے مار ڈالتے پس تو دشمنوں کو مجھ پر ہنسنے کا موقع نہ دے اور اس ظالم گروہ کے ساتھ مجھے نہ شامل کر"

English - Sahih

And when Moses returned to his people, angry and grieved, he said, "How wretched is that by which you have replaced me after [my departure]. Were you impatient over the matter of your Lord?" And he threw down the tablets and seized his brother by [the hair of] his head, pulling him toward him. [Aaron] said, "O son of my mother, indeed the people oppressed me and were about to kill me, so let not the enemies rejoice over me and do not place me among the wrongdoing people."

اردو ترجمہ احمد علی

اور جب موسیٰ اپنی قو م کےی طرف غصہ اور رنج میں بھرے ہوئے واپس آئے تو فرمایا تم نے میرے بعد یہ بڑی نامعقول حرکت کی کیا تم نے اپنے رب کے حکم سے پہلے ہی جلد بازی کر لی اور تختیاں پھینک دیں اور اپنے بھائی کا سر پکڑ ا اسے پنی طرف کھینچنے لگا اس نے کہا کہ اے میری ماں کے بیٹے لوگوں نے مجھے کمزور سمجھا اور قریب تھے کہ مجھے مار ڈالیں سو مجھ پر دشمنوں کو نہ ہنسا اور مجھے گناہگار لوگو ں میں نہ ملا

English - Talal Itani

And when returned Musa to his people - angry, and grieved, he said, "Evil is what you have done in my place from after me. Were you impatient (over the) matter (of) your Lord?" And he cast down the tablets and seized by head, his brother dragging him to himself. He said, "O son (of) my mother! Indeed, the people considered me weak and were about to kill me. So (let) not rejoice over me the enemies, and (do) not place me with the people (who are) wrongdoing.

Chinese Commentary ^*

Cross Refs:

a

20:87.

b

20:95.

اردہ تفصیرِ صغیر نوٹس ^*

1

حضرت موسیٰ علیہ السلام قوم کے شرک کی وجہ سے غصہ میں بھرے ہوئے تھے اور زیادہ غصہ بھائی پر تھا کہ قوم میں شرک کے ظاہر ہونے پران سے لڑ کیوں نہ پڑے اور انہی پر زیادہ غصہ ظاہر کیا تاکہ باقی قوم ڈر جائے اور اصلاح کر لے۔

English - Arberry

And when Moses returned to his people, angry and sorrowful, he said, 'Evilly have you done in my place, after me; what, have you outstripped your Lord's commandment?' And he cast down the Tablets, and laid hold of his brother's head, dragging him to him. He said, 'Son of my mother, surely the people have abased me, and well nigh slain me. Make not my enemies to gloat over me, and put me not among the people of the evildoers.

English - Maududi

And when Moses returned to his people, full of wrath and sorrow, he said: 'Vile is the course you have followed in my absence. Could you not patiently wait for the decree of your Lord?' And he threw down the Tablets [of the Law] and took hold of his brother's head, dragging him to himself. Aaron said: 'My mother's son, the people overpowered me and almost killed me. So let not my enemies gloat over me, and do not number me among the wrong-doing folk.'

English - Ahmed Ali

When Moses returned to his people, indignant and grieved, he said: "How wickedly you behaved in my absence. Why must you hasten the decree of your Lord?" And he cast aside the tablets, and pulled his brother by the hair. "O son of my mother," said (Aaron), "these people took advantage of my weakness and almost killed me. Do not let my enemies rejoice at my plight, and do not put me down among transgressors."

English - Yusuf Ali

When Moses came back to his people, angry and grieved, he said: "Evil it is that ye have done in my place in my absence: did ye make haste to bring on the judgment of your Lord?" He put down the tablets, seized his brother by (the hair of) his head, and dragged him to him. Aaron said: "Son of my mother! the people did indeed reckon me as naught, and went near to slaying me! Make not the enemies rejoice over my misfortune, nor count thou me amongst the people of sin."

English - Five Volume Commentary ^*

Cross Refs:

a

20:87.

b

20:95.

1040

Important Words:

فلاتشمت (make not rejoice). تشمت is formed from اشمت which is derived from شمت. They say شمت or شمت به i.e. he (an enemy) rejoiced; or he (someone) rejoiced at his enemy’s affliction. اشمته الله به means, God made him (the enemy) rejoice at his affliction. شمت علی العاطس means, he prayed for the sneezer that he might not be in a state in which his enemy might rejoice at his affliction (Lane).

Commentary:

When the return of Moses was delayed owing to the ten additional nights, his followers became impatient and thought that he was lost. They expressed their impatience in the words "we wot not what is become of him" (Exod. 32:1).

According to the Bible, Moses cast the tablets out of his hands and broke them beneath the Mount, so that they had to be renewed (Exod. 32:19; 34:1). But this is not borne out by the Quran which simply states, And he put down the tablets and this is more in harmony with the dignity of a Prophet.

Moses caught hold of Aaron’s head, not because the latter had abetted calf-worship, as he is represented to have done in the Bible (Exod. 32:2-4), but because he did not successfully prevent the people from worshipping the calf. As Moses’ representative, he should have effectively prevented the people from idol-worship, but he failed to do so. So the display of anger on the part of Moses was due not to any religious or legal offence committed by Aaron, but to his failure to manage affairs properly in the absence of Moses. Aaron had hoped that Moses would set things right on his return. That was only an error of judgement or lack of proper control, not a legal or religious offence.

The way in which Moses treated Aaron also shows that the latter was subordinate to the former. The treatment, however, should not be taken as a display of rough manners on the part of Moses. The anger of Moses was justified because a great sacrilege had been committed and the very work of his life was jeopardized; and Aaron being subordinate to Moses, the latter was entitled to take disciplinary action.

The words, Son of my mother, were used by Aaron not because Moses was a half-brother to him but because he wished to make an effective appeal to his feelings of tenderness and affection, and in this he succeeded.

The meaning of the particle مع (with) in the clause, and place me not with the unjust people, helps to explain its real sense in 4:70. Here, as well as there the particle gives the meaning of "among".

English - Short Commentary Notes ^*

Cross Refs:

a

20:87.

b

20:95.

1055

Moses seized Aaron by the head, not because the latter had countenanced or supported calf-worship, as he is represented to have done in the Bible (Exod. 32: 2-4), but because he did not successfully prevent the people from worshipping the calf. Display of anger on the part of Moses was due, not to any religious or legal offence committed by Aaron, but to his failure to manage affairs properly in his absence. The anger was justified because a great sacrilege had been committed and the whole work of Moses’s life was put in jeopardy.

1056

Aaron appealed to Moses’s feelings of tenderness and brotherly affection.

English - Pickthall

And when Moses returned unto his people, angry and grieved, he said: Evil is that (course) which ye took after I had left you. Would ye hasten on the judgment of your Lord? And he cast down the tablets, and he seized his brother by the head, dragging him toward him. He said: Son of my mother! Lo! the folk did judge me weak and almost killed me. Oh, make not mine enemies to triumph over me and place me not among the evil-doers.

English - Muhammad Ali ^ra

And when Moses returned to his people, wrathful, grieved, he said: Evil is that which you have done after me! Did you hasten on the judgment of your Lord? And he threw down the tablets and seized his brother by the head, dragging him towards him. He said: Son of my mother, the people reckoned me weak an had well-nigh slain me. So make not the enemies to rejoice over me and count me not among the unjust people.

English - Sir Muhammad Zafrullah Khan ^ra

When Moses returned to his people, full of indignation and grief, he shouted at them: Evil is that which you did in my place in my absence! Was this an attempt to hasten the command of your Lord? He put down the tablets and catching hold of his brother by the hair of his head started pulling him towards himself. Aaron pleaded: Son of my mother, the people considered me weak, and were about to kill me. Therefore, do not furnish the enemies with cause to rejoice over my discomfiture, and count me not with the unjust people.

خَلَفْ

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