Ruku 483 ع
Section 483 of 556 • 7 Verses
۞ عَسَى ٱللَّهُ أَن يَجْعَلَ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَ ٱلَّذِينَ عَادَيْتُم مِّنْهُم مَّوَدَّةً ۚ وَٱللَّهُ قَدِيرٌ ۚ وَٱللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ
这节经文含有一个预言。穆圣的伙伴们得知, 虽然他们应该抛弃那些原为自己信仰的敌人一切友好关系, 哪怕后者和他们是血缘近亲, 但这种禁止必然为时不长。转瞬间, 从前的敌人会变成好朋友。这条戒律只适用于下一节经文所说明的那种不信者--------他们和穆斯林作战。不是与所有这些非穆斯林的朋友关系都是被禁止的。
The verse implied a prophecy. The Companions of the Holy Prophet were told that though they had been enjoined to renounce all friendly relations with the enemies of their Faith, even though the latter might be their very near blood relations, the prohibition was destined to be very short-lived. The time was fast approaching when the erstwhile enemies would become their loving friends. The commandment applies only to such disbelievers, as the next verse shows, who are at war with Muslims. Friendly relations with all non-Muslims as such are not forbidden.
Commentary:
The verse implied a prophecy. The Companions of the Holy Prophet were told that if they were enjoined to renounce all friendly relations with the enemies of their Faith, even though the latter were their very near blood relations, the prohibition was indeed destined to be very short-lived. The time was fast approaching when the erstwhile enemies would become their loving friends. The prophecy was soon fulfilled. After the Fall of Mecca, the Quraish joined the fold of Islam en masse and became united with Muslims into one brotherhood.
1415
这节经文含有一个预言。穆圣的伙伴们得知, 虽然他们应该抛弃那些原为自己信仰的敌人一切友好关系, 哪怕后者和他们是血缘近亲, 但这种禁止必然为时不长。转瞬间, 从前的敌人会变成好朋友。这条戒律只适用于下一节经文所说明的那种不信者--------他们和穆斯林作战。不是与所有这些非穆斯林的朋友关系都是被禁止的。
4215
Commentary:
The verse implied a prophecy. The Companions of the Holy Prophet were told that if they were enjoined to renounce all friendly relations with the enemies of their Faith, even though the latter were their very near blood relations, the prohibition was indeed destined to be very short-lived. The time was fast approaching when the erstwhile enemies would become their loving friends. The prophecy was soon fulfilled. After the Fall of Mecca, the Quraish joined the fold of Islam en masse and became united with Muslims into one brotherhood.
3030
The verse implied a prophecy. The Companions of the Holy Prophet were told that though they had been enjoined to renounce all friendly relations with the enemies of their Faith, even though the latter might be their very near blood relations, the prohibition was destined to be very short-lived. The time was fast approaching when the erstwhile enemies would become their loving friends. The commandment applies only to such disbelievers, as the next verse shows, who are at war with Muslims. Friendly relations with all non-Muslims as such are not forbidden.
لَّا يَنْهَىٰكُمُ ٱللَّهُ عَنِ ٱلَّذِينَ لَمْ يُقَٰتِلُوكُمْ فِى ٱلدِّينِ وَلَمْ يُخْرِجُوكُم مِّن دِيَٰرِكُمْ أَن تَبَرُّوهُمْ وَتُقْسِطُوٓا۟ إِلَيْهِمْ ۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُحِبُّ ٱلْمُقْسِطِينَ
Commentary:
The verse makes it clear that the commandment to Muslims to have nothing to do with disbelievers has a proviso. It applies only to those disbelievers, as the next verse shows, who are at war with Muslims and are inimically disposed towards Islam. Friendly relations as such with non-Muslims are not forbidden. Besides, extra emphasis has been laid, in this verse, on kind and equitable treatment of non-Muslims.
The fact that this and the following verse were revealed at a time when relations between Muslims and disbelievers were highly strained helps to understand the real purpose and object of the prohibitory commandment.
4216
Commentary:
The verse makes it clear that the commandment to Muslims to have nothing to do with disbelievers has a proviso. It applies only to those disbelievers, as the next verse shows, who are at war with Muslims and are inimically disposed towards Islam. Friendly relations as such with non-Muslims are not forbidden. Besides, extra emphasis has been laid, in this verse, on kind and equitable treatment of non-Muslims.
The fact that this and the following verse were revealed at a time when relations between Muslims and disbelievers were highly strained helps to understand the real purpose and object of the prohibitory commandment.
إِنَّمَا يَنْهَىٰكُمُ ٱللَّهُ عَنِ ٱلَّذِينَ قَٰتَلُوكُمْ فِى ٱلدِّينِ وَأَخْرَجُوكُم مِّن دِيَٰرِكُمْ وَظَٰهَرُوا۟ عَلَىٰٓ إِخْرَاجِكُمْ أَن تَوَلَّوْهُمْ ۚ وَمَن يَتَوَلَّهُمْ فَأُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلظَّٰلِمُونَ
4:145; 5:52.
Commentary:
See preceding verse.
a
4:145; 5:52.
4217
Commentary:
See preceding verse.
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓا۟ إِذَا جَآءَكُمُ ٱلْمُؤْمِنَٰتُ مُهَٰجِرَٰتٍ فَٱمْتَحِنُوهُنَّ ۖ ٱللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِإِيمَٰنِهِنَّ ۖ فَإِنْ عَلِمْتُمُوهُنَّ مُؤْمِنَٰتٍ فَلَا تَرْجِعُوهُنَّ إِلَى ٱلْكُفَّارِ ۖ لَا هُنَّ حِلٌّ لَّهُمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحِلُّونَ لَهُنَّ ۖ وَءَاتُوهُم مَّآ أَنفَقُوا۟ ۚ وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ أَن تَنكِحُوهُنَّ إِذَآ ءَاتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ ۚ وَلَا تُمْسِكُوا۟ بِعِصَمِ ٱلْكَوَافِرِ وَسْـَٔلُوا۟ مَآ أَنفَقْتُمْ وَلْيَسْـَٔلُوا۟ مَآ أَنفَقُوا۟ ۚ ذَٰلِكُمْ حُكْمُ ٱللَّهِ ۖ يَحْكُمُ بَيْنَكُمْ ۚ وَٱللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ
یعنی حکومتی لیول پر کفار سے اس خرچ کا مطالبہ کرو۔
یعنی کفار بھی ایسی عورتوں کا خرچ حکومتی لیول پر مسلمانوں سے طلب کریں گویا دونوں آیتوں میں اس قسم کے حقوق کو حکومتی حقوق تسلیم کر لیا ہے۔
4:5, 25.
2:222.
Though when Muslims were being bitterly persecuted and it was not safe to leave Mecca and join the Muslim Community at Medina, a continuous stream of believers was pouring into Medina, leaving behind in Mecca their dear and near ones. These Refugees contained a fair number of women among them. The verse refers to such refugee Muslim women. It constitutes an eloquent commentary on the Holy Prophet’s anxiety not to accept into the Muslim Community any woman who had fled from Mecca unless there was proof available, after subjecting her to searching examination, that she was sincere and honest in her faith and was accepting Islam from no ulterior or otherwise objectionable motives. The verse further states that the marriage-tie between a refugee believing woman and her disbelieving husband becomes automatically dissolved when she joins the Muslim Community; and a believer is allowed to marry her provided he fulfils two conditions: (a) He should have paid back to her disbelieving husband what the latter had s
4:5, 25.
2:222.
Commentary:
Here is a testimony to the irresistible appeal of the Message of Islam. At a time when Muslims were being bitterly persecuted and it was not safe to leave Mecca and join the Muslim Community at Medina, a continuous stream of believers was pouring into Medina, leaving behind in Mecca their dear and near ones. These Refugees contained a fair number of women among them. The verse under comment refers to such refugee Muslim women. The verse also constitutes an eloquent commentary on the Holy Prophet’s anxiety not to accept into the Muslim Community any woman who had fled from Mecca unless there was proof available, after subjecting her to searching examination, that she was sincere, and honest in her faith and that she was accepting Islam out of no ulterior or otherwise objectionable motives. The verse further states that the marriage-tie between a refugee believing woman and her dis-believing husband becomes dissolved when she joins the Muslim Community, and a believer is allowed to marry such a woman, provided he fulfils two conditions: (a) He should have paid back to the disbelieving husband of such woman what the latter had spent on her, and (b) he should also have fixed or paid her dowry. Similarly, the marriage-tie between a Muslim and his wife who gives up Islam could not continue and the same procedure would be adopted if such an apostate woman marries a disbeliever as in the case of marriage between a Muslim and a refugee believing woman. The reciprocal arrangement prescribed in this verse is not the private affair of the individuals concerned but is to be carried out by the State, as is the practice in time of war, to which the verses particularly apply; there could not and should not continue any social relations between individual believers and individual disbelievers.
a
4:5, 25.
b
2:222.
1
یعنی حکومتی لیول پر کفار سے اس خرچ کا مطالبہ کرو۔
2
یعنی کفار بھی ایسی عورتوں کا خرچ حکومتی لیول پر مسلمانوں سے طلب کریں گویا دونوں آیتوں میں اس قسم کے حقوق کو حکومتی حقوق تسلیم کر لیا ہے۔
a
4:5, 25.
b
2:222.
4218
Commentary:
Here is a testimony to the irresistible appeal of the Message of Islam. At a time when Muslims were being bitterly persecuted and it was not safe to leave Mecca and join the Muslim Community at Medina, a continuous stream of believers was pouring into Medina, leaving behind in Mecca their dear and near ones. These Refugees contained a fair number of women among them. The verse under comment refers to such refugee Muslim women. The verse also constitutes an eloquent commentary on the Holy Prophet’s anxiety not to accept into the Muslim Community any woman who had fled from Mecca unless there was proof available, after subjecting her to searching examination, that she was sincere, and honest in her faith and that she was accepting Islam out of no ulterior or otherwise objectionable motives. The verse further states that the marriage-tie between a refugee believing woman and her dis-believing husband becomes dissolved when she joins the Muslim Community, and a believer is allowed to marry such a woman, provided he fulfils two conditions: (a) He should have paid back to the disbelieving husband of such woman what the latter had spent on her, and (b) he should also have fixed or paid her dowry. Similarly, the marriage-tie between a Muslim and his wife who gives up Islam could not continue and the same procedure would be adopted if such an apostate woman marries a disbeliever as in the case of marriage between a Muslim and a refugee believing woman. The reciprocal arrangement prescribed in this verse is not the private affair of the individuals concerned but is to be carried out by the State, as is the practice in time of war, to which the verses particularly apply; there could not and should not continue any social relations between individual believers and individual disbelievers.
a
4:5, 25.
b
2:222.
3031
Though when Muslims were being bitterly persecuted and it was not safe to leave Mecca and join the Muslim Community at Medina, a continuous stream of believers was pouring into Medina, leaving behind in Mecca their dear and near ones. These Refugees contained a fair number of women among them. The verse refers to such refugee Muslim women. It constitutes an eloquent commentary on the Holy Prophet’s anxiety not to accept into the Muslim Community any woman who had fled from Mecca unless there was proof available, after subjecting her to searching examination, that she was sincere and honest in her faith and was accepting Islam from no ulterior or otherwise objectionable motives. The verse further states that the marriage-tie between a refugee believing woman and her disbelieving husband becomes automatically dissolved when she joins the Muslim Community; and a believer is allowed to marry her provided he fulfils two conditions: (a) He should have paid back to her disbelieving husband what the latter had s
وَإِن فَاتَكُمْ شَىْءٌ مِّنْ أَزْوَٰجِكُمْ إِلَى ٱلْكُفَّارِ فَعَاقَبْتُمْ فَـَٔاتُوا۟ ٱلَّذِينَ ذَهَبَتْ أَزْوَٰجُهُم مِّثْلَ مَآ أَنفَقُوا۟ ۚ وَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ ٱلَّذِىٓ أَنتُم بِهِۦ مُؤْمِنُونَ
如果一个穆斯林的妻子逃到不信者那儿, 之后, 不信者的一个妇女被穆斯林俘获, 或她从不信者那儿逃来加入穆斯林社会, 那么, 信真主的丈夫婚前送给现在逃跑的妻子的彩礼的损失可以弥补, 那是该由那妻子加入了穆斯林社会的丈夫所出的一笔钱 (假如双方婚前彩礼相等)。如有差额, 由穆斯林集体补足, 或像有的权威学者所说的那样, 从国家所有的战利品中提取。عَاقَبْتُمْ (‘Aqabtum) 还有 غَنِمْتُمْ (Ghanimtum) 的意思, 就是:你得到了战利品。这样的安排是必要的, 因为不信者有可能拒绝归还信真主的丈夫送给妻子的婚前彩礼, 虽然妻子逃跑到他那里。
یعنی جو مسلمان اپنی بیویوں کے فرار یا جنگی قیدی بن جانے کی وجہ سے نقصان اٹھائیں حکومت اس کا بدلہ کافر جنگی قیدی کی صورت میں ادا نہ کرے بلکہ اپنی طرف سے مالی نقصان کا معاوضہ ادا کرے تا عورت کی جو عزت اسلام قائم کرنا چاہتا ہے اس کو ٹھیس نہ لگے۔
If the wife of a Muslim deserts to disbelievers and thereafter a woman from among disbelievers is taken prisoner by the Muslims, or she flees from disbelievers and joins the Muslim Community, then the believing husband is to be compensated from the loss of the dowry paid by him to his deserting wife from the sum due to the disbelieving husband whose wife has joined the Muslim Community if the dowries are equal, but the deficiency, if any, is to be made up collectively by Muslims, or, as some authorities say, from the booty acquired by the State, the word ‘Aqabtum also meaning Ghanimtum, i.e. you have acquired booty. This arrangement was necessary as disbelievers would refuse to return the dowries paid by their believing husbands to the women who had deserted to the former.
Important Words:
عاقبتم (you have your turn) is derived from عقب. They say عقب الرجل i.e. he took from the man’s property the like of what the latter had taken from him. عاقبه means, he did a thing with the man alternately and taking his turn; he retaliated (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
If the wife of a Muslim deserts to disbelievers and thereafter a woman from among disbelievers is taken by Muslims as prisoner of war, or she flees from disbelievers and joins the Muslim Community, then the believing husband is to be compensated for the loss of the dowry paid by him to his deserting wife from the sum due to the disbelieving husband whose wife has joined the Muslim Community if the dowries are equal, but the deficiency, if any, is to be made up collectively by Muslims, or, as some authorities say, from the booty acquired by Muslims in war; the word عاقبتم meaning غنمتم i.e. you have acquired booty. This arrangement was necessary as disbelievers refused to return the dowries paid by their believing husbands to the women who had deserted to them.
1416
如果一个穆斯林的妻子逃到不信者那儿, 之后, 不信者的一个妇女被穆斯林俘获, 或她从不信者那儿逃来加入穆斯林社会, 那么, 信真主的丈夫婚前送给现在逃跑的妻子的彩礼的损失可以弥补, 那是该由那妻子加入了穆斯林社会的丈夫所出的一笔钱 (假如双方婚前彩礼相等)。如有差额, 由穆斯林集体补足, 或像有的权威学者所说的那样, 从国家所有的战利品中提取。عَاقَبْتُمْ (‘Aqabtum) 还有 غَنِمْتُمْ (Ghanimtum) 的意思, 就是:你得到了战利品。这样的安排是必要的, 因为不信者有可能拒绝归还信真主的丈夫送给妻子的婚前彩礼, 虽然妻子逃跑到他那里。
2
یعنی جو مسلمان اپنی بیویوں کے فرار یا جنگی قیدی بن جانے کی وجہ سے نقصان اٹھائیں حکومت اس کا بدلہ کافر جنگی قیدی کی صورت میں ادا نہ کرے بلکہ اپنی طرف سے مالی نقصان کا معاوضہ ادا کرے تا عورت کی جو عزت اسلام قائم کرنا چاہتا ہے اس کو ٹھیس نہ لگے۔
4219
Important Words:
عاقبتم (you have your turn) is derived from عقب. They say عقب الرجل i.e. he took from the man’s property the like of what the latter had taken from him. عاقبه means, he did a thing with the man alternately and taking his turn; he retaliated (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
If the wife of a Muslim deserts to disbelievers and thereafter a woman from among disbelievers is taken by Muslims as prisoner of war, or she flees from disbelievers and joins the Muslim Community, then the believing husband is to be compensated for the loss of the dowry paid by him to his deserting wife from the sum due to the disbelieving husband whose wife has joined the Muslim Community if the dowries are equal, but the deficiency, if any, is to be made up collectively by Muslims, or, as some authorities say, from the booty acquired by Muslims in war; the word عاقبتم meaning غنمتم i.e. you have acquired booty. This arrangement was necessary as disbelievers refused to return the dowries paid by their believing husbands to the women who had deserted to them.
3032
If the wife of a Muslim deserts to disbelievers and thereafter a woman from among disbelievers is taken prisoner by the Muslims, or she flees from disbelievers and joins the Muslim Community, then the believing husband is to be compensated from the loss of the dowry paid by him to his deserting wife from the sum due to the disbelieving husband whose wife has joined the Muslim Community if the dowries are equal, but the deficiency, if any, is to be made up collectively by Muslims, or, as some authorities say, from the booty acquired by the State, the word ‘Aqabtum also meaning Ghanimtum, i.e. you have acquired booty. This arrangement was necessary as disbelievers would refuse to return the dowries paid by their believing husbands to the women who had deserted to the former.
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّبِىُّ إِذَا جَآءَكَ ٱلْمُؤْمِنَٰتُ يُبَايِعْنَكَ عَلَىٰٓ أَن لَّا يُشْرِكْنَ بِٱللَّهِ شَيْـًٔا وَلَا يَسْرِقْنَ وَلَا يَزْنِينَ وَلَا يَقْتُلْنَ أَوْلَٰدَهُنَّ وَلَا يَأْتِينَ بِبُهْتَٰنٍ يَفْتَرِينَهُۥ بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِنَّ وَأَرْجُلِهِنَّ وَلَا يَعْصِينَكَ فِى مَعْرُوفٍ ۙ فَبَايِعْهُنَّ وَٱسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُنَّ ٱللَّهَ ۖ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ
Commentary:
The expression, بین أیدیھن و أرجلھن means from themselves or by themselves.
4220
Commentary:
The expression, بین أیدیھن و أرجلھن means from themselves or by themselves.
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ لَا تَتَوَلَّوْا۟ قَوْمًا غَضِبَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ قَدْ يَئِسُوا۟ مِنَ ٱلْءَاخِرَةِ كَمَا يَئِسَ ٱلْكُفَّارُ مِنْ أَصْحَٰبِ ٱلْقُبُورِ
58:15.
مراد یہ ہے کہ جن لوگوں پر خداتعالیٰ ناراض نہیں ہوتا وہ اپنی دشمنی میں حد سے نہیں بڑھتے۔ لیکن جن پر خداتعالیٰ ناراض ہوتا ہے وہ اپنی دشمنی میں حد سے بڑھ جاتے ہیں اور اس وجہ سے ان سے تعلق رکھنا ناجائز ہو جاتا ہے۔
58:15.
The words, they (disbelievers) have indeed despaired of the Hereafter,mean that they have no faith in the Hereafter, just as they have no faith that dead will ever come to life. The word "they" may particularly apply to the Jews, since the expression, with whom Allah is wroth, has been used about the Jews in several verses of the Qur’an.
58:15.
Commentary:
The verse sums up the subject matter of the Surah, viz. that there could be no real union of hearts without community of ideals and principles and that the beliefs and ideas of believers and disbelievers are poles apart from each other. The last sentence of the verse may mean that disbelievers have despaired of the Hereafter i.e. they have absolute no faith in the Hereafter, just as they have no faith that the dead would ever again come to life. The word "they" may also refer to the Jews, since the expression "with whom Allah is wroth," has been used about the Jews in several verses of the Quran.
a
58:15.
3
مراد یہ ہے کہ جن لوگوں پر خداتعالیٰ ناراض نہیں ہوتا وہ اپنی دشمنی میں حد سے نہیں بڑھتے۔ لیکن جن پر خداتعالیٰ ناراض ہوتا ہے وہ اپنی دشمنی میں حد سے بڑھ جاتے ہیں اور اس وجہ سے ان سے تعلق رکھنا ناجائز ہو جاتا ہے۔
a
58:15.
4221
Commentary:
The verse sums up the subject matter of the Surah, viz. that there could be no real union of hearts without community of ideals and principles and that the beliefs and ideas of believers and disbelievers are poles apart from each other. The last sentence of the verse may mean that disbelievers have despaired of the Hereafter i.e. they have absolute no faith in the Hereafter, just as they have no faith that the dead would ever again come to life. The word "they" may also refer to the Jews, since the expression "with whom Allah is wroth," has been used about the Jews in several verses of the Quran.
a
58:15.
3033
The words, they (disbelievers) have indeed despaired of the Hereafter,mean that they have no faith in the Hereafter, just as they have no faith that dead will ever come to life. The word "they" may particularly apply to the Jews, since the expression, with whom Allah is wroth, has been used about the Jews in several verses of the Qur’an.