Stem كَرِيمًا - Quranic Morphology

English - Hazrat Molavi Sher Ali ^ra

Thy Lord has commanded, “Worship none but Him, and show kindness to parents. If one of them or both of them attain old age with thee, never say unto them any word expressive of disgust nor reproach them, but address them with excellent speech.

اردو ترجمہ مرزا طاہر احمد خلیفة المسیح الرابعؒ

اور تیرے ربّ نے فیصلہ صادر کردیا ہے کہ تم اُس کے سوا کسی کی عبادت نہ کرو اور والدین سے احسان کا سلوک کرو۔ اگر ان دونوں میں سے کوئی ایک تیرے پاس بڑھاپے کی عمر کو پہنچے یا وہ دونوں ہی، تو اُنہیں اُف تک نہ کہہ اور انہیں ڈانٹ نہیں اور انہیں نرمی اور عزت کے ساتھ مخاطب کر۔

French

Ton Seigneur a ordonné que vous n’adoriez nul autre que Lui, et que vous montriez de la bonté aux parents. Si l’un d’entre eux, ou tous deux, atteignent la vieillesse auprès de toi, ne leur dis jamais aucune parole exprimant le dégoût, ni ne leur fais aucun reproche, mais adresse-toi à eux avec douceur et respect.

German

Dein Herr hat geboten: «Verehret keinen denn Ihn, und (erweiset) Güte den Eltern. Wenn einer von ihnen oder beide bei dir ein hohes Alter erreichen, sage nie "Pfui!" zu ihnen, und stoße sie nicht zurück, sondern sprich zu ihnen ein ehrerbietiges Wort.

Chinese

[b]你的养主已经命令 (你们), 除了安拉以外, 再不要崇拜别的对象。[c]要善待父母[710]。如果从他们中任何一个或两人在你有生之时年到衰老,你不要 (在任何事情上)说: اُفّ (向他们暴露不喜悦,以致作出任何表示厌恶的感叹声),[711]也不要喝斥他们, 要以恭敬的态度同他们说话。

2:84; 4:37; 12:41; 41:15.

6:152; 29:9; 31:15; 46:16.

从这节经文起, 开始讲那些行为的原则与法规。一个民族遵守这些原则和法规, 就能保全他们组织的完整, 使它不会解体和腐败。信仰唯一的安拉, 必须放在头等重要的位置, 并且谴责 شِرْك (Shirk--------设立与安拉同等的崇拜对象), 因为相信安拉的独一性, 是生出一切善行的种籽。这种信仰的缺少, 是一切罪恶的根源。这既是自然法则, 又是这本经律的基础。这本经律的全部法则的基础是信仰安拉的独一性, 这一明显的事实勿需再加说明; 即使是自然法则和一切科学进步也是以此为基础的。因为假设有一个以上的主宰, 那么, 必然会有一个以上的自然法则。可是, 如果没有一个一定的统一的自然法则的话, 那么, 一切科学进步就会终止, 因为一切科学发现和发明都是由于相信整个宇宙都充满着一种有一定程序的、不变的系统而产生的。这一节经文中制定的第二个重要律令是关于人类的道德行为的。他们对双亲的责任形成律令的最重要的部份, 因为首先指导人们崇拜安拉的是他们的双亲, 而且父母的镜子能反映出安拉的常德, 是安拉的常德在较小的和人的规范内被给与实际的表现。有关安拉的律令是消极的, 而关于双亲的律令却是积极的。人们被告知, 由于人们不可能报答安拉的恩赐, 但他们至少不做شِرْك (Shirk) 这种事。但是对双亲他们是能够报答他们的慈爱和恩情的, 虽然只是很不够的, 但他们得到一个明确的律令, 对父母要温顺宽厚。

阿拉伯语言中, اُفْ (Uff) 这个单词用以表示用话说出一个人的嫌恶的心情, 而نَهْر (Nahr) 用以表示以实际行动来表达嫌恶的心情。把这两个单词合起来, 这节经文的意思是, 一个人切不要对他双亲讲刺耳的话, 更不能苛刻粗暴地对待他们。

Italian

Il tuo Signore ha comandato: «Non adorate alcuno, tranne Lui, e mostrate benevolenza verso i genitori. Se uno o entrambi raggiungono con te la vecchiaia, non rivolgere mai loro parole di disgusto e non rimproverarli, ma rivolgiti ad essi con parole rispettose.

Spanish

Tu Señor ha ordenado: “No adoréis a nadie sino a Él, y mostrad bondad a vuestros padres. Si uno o los dos alcanzan la ancianidad contigo, no les digas nunca ninguna palabra que exprese disgusto ni les reproches, mas bien dirígete a ellos con palabras amables.

اردو تفسیرِ صغیر

تیرے رب نے (اس بات کا) تا کیدی حکم دیا ہے کہ تم اس کے سوا کسی کی عبادت نہ کرو اور (نیز یہ کہ اپنے) ماں باپ سے اچھا سلوک کرو۔ اگر ان میں سے کسی ایک پر یا ان دونوں پر تیری زندگی میں بڑھاپا آجائے‘ تو انہیں (ان کی کسی بات پر ناپسندیدگی کا اظہار کرتے ہوئے) اُف[1] تک نہ کہہ اور نہ انہیں جھڑک اور ان سے (ہمیشہ) نرمی سے بات کر۔

English - Short Commentary Translation

[c]Thy Lord has commanded, that ye worship none but Him, [d]and that ye show kindness to parents.[1607] If one or both of them attain old age with thee, never say to them as much as ugh[1608] nor reproach them, but always address them with kindly speech.

English - Five Volume Translation

[b]Thy Lord has commanded, “Worship none but Him, [c]and show kindness to parents. If one of them attain old age with thee or both of them, never say unto them any word expressive of disgust nor reproach them, but always address them with excellent speech.[1953]

2:84; 4:37; 12:41; 41:15.

6:152; 29:9; 31:15; 46:16.

Important Words:

اف (a word expressive of disgust) is derived from اف (affa) which means, he said اف (uff) by reason of anxiety or disquietude of mind, or by reason of vexation, distress of mind or disgust. اف is a word expressive of vexation, distress of mind or disgust, dislike, displeasure or hatred; dirt of the ear or paring of the nail; alas, woe or fie. They say اف لك i.e. fie upon thee! The Quranic expression فلا تقل لھما اف means, And say not thou to them اف i.e. do not thou deem anything of their affairs burdensome nor be contracted in bosom thereby, nor be tough or harsh or coarse to them; or do not thou say to them anything expressive of the least disgust (Lane & Aqrab).

ولا تنھرھما (nor reproach them). نھر means, he chid him; he checked him, restrained him or forbade him, with rough speech. (Lane & Aqrab).

کریما (excellent) is derived from کرم which means, it was or became highly esteemed or valued; excellent, precious or rare. They say کرمت ارضه i.e. his land was or became productive or fertile. اکرمه means, he treated him with honour or courtesy. کریم therefore means, generous; noble; high-born; highly esteemed or valued; excellent, precious or rare. It is the contrary of لئیم which means, ignoble; low-born, etc. (Lane & Aqrab).

Commentary:

With this verse begin those principles and rules of conduct by observing which a people can preserve the integrity of their organization and make it safe against disintegration and decline.

In this connection pride of place is given to the maintenance of belief in the Unity and Oneness of God and refutation of shirk (setting up equals with God), because it is in the heyday of their glory and splendour that a people fall a prey to superstitious ideas and idolatrous practices. In fact shirk is at the root of all sins. Man sins because he lacks true faith in God and His attributes. Belief in the Unity of God is like a seed out of which grow all virtues. It is the pivot round which the teachings of all religions and codes of morality revolve. This belief constitutes the basis and the foundation for both the law of nature and the Law of Shari‘ah. That the Law of Shari‘ah is based on belief in the Unity of God is too patent a fact to need any explanation; but even the law of nature and all scientific progress are also based on it. For if it be supposed that there are more gods than one, it necessarily follows that there is more than one law of nature. But in the absence of one fixed and uniform natural law all progress of science will have come to an end, because all the discoveries and inventions made by science are due to the belief that an ordered, fixed and unchangeable system pervades the whole universe. Without such a belief man could never have devoted his attention and labour to fathom the secrets of the unknown. The second most important precept laid down in the verse under comment concerns man’s moral conduct. His obligations towards his parents form the most important part of it, because it is the parents who first of all direct our attention to God. It is in the parental mirror that the Divine attributes of Mercy, Compassion, Love and Providence are reflected and on a minor human scale are given practical expression. They point to the Being from Whom all things take their origin. The long chain of man’s parentage shows that his existence is not the result of mere accident or chance. It turns our thoughts to the Great Originator and Creator. It also shows that a great and noble purpose underlies the creation of man.

The commandment given in relation to God is negative. Man is told that as it is not possible for him to make a return of God’s favours, he should at least refrain from shirk (setting up equals with Him). In the case of parents, however, he is given a positive commandment, because he is in a position to return their love and kindness, though only very inadequately. So he is commanded to be generous to them.

The words, with thee, are significant. They show that when the parents of a person are dependent on him and live with him, he must be specially on his guard against using any harsh words about them. The words have been added because when a man’s parents are living with him, there is always the likelihood for differences to arise and consequently for the embitterment of mutual relations. Moreover, when a person spends his money for another he is inclined to think that he has a right to exercise his authority over him. The Quran therefore has emphasized that extra care should be taken in our relations towards our parents.

In Arabic the word اف (uff) is used to express one’s disgust by words of mouth and نھر (nahr) is used to express it by an actual deed. So by the combination of these two words in this verse the Quran means to say that we should never speak harshly to our parents, much less act unkindly towards them.

اردو ترجمہ مودودی

تیرے رب نے فیصلہ کر دیا ہے کہ: تم لوگ کسی کی عبادت نہ کرو، مگر صرف اُس کی والدین کے ساتھ نیک سلوک کرو اگر تمہارے پاس اُن میں سے کوئی ایک، یا دونوں، بوڑھے ہو کر رہیں تو انہیں اف تک نہ کہو، نہ انہیں جھڑک کر جواب دو، بلکہ ان سے احترام کے ساتھ بات کرو

English - Sahih

And your Lord has decreed that you not worship except Him, and to parents, good treatment. Whether one or both of them reach old age [while] with you, say not to them [so much as], "uff," and do not repel them but speak to them a noble word.

اردو ترجمہ احمد علی

اور تیرا رب فیصلہ کر چکا ہے اس کے سوا کسی کی عبادت نہ کرو اور ماں باپ کے ساتھ نیکی کرو اور اگر تیرے سامنے ان میں سے ایک یا دونوں بڑھاپے کو پہنچ جائیں تو انہیں اف بھی نہ کہو اور نہ انہیں جھڑکو اور ان سے ادب سے بات کرو

English - Talal Itani

And has decreed your Lord, that (do) not worship except Him Alone and to the parents (be) good. Whether reach with you the old age one of them, or both of them, then (do) not say to both of them a word of disrespect and (do) not repel them, but speak to them a word noble.

Chinese Commentary ^*

Cross Refs:

b

2:84; 4:37; 12:41; 41:15.

c

6:152; 29:9; 31:15; 46:16.

710

从这节经文起, 开始讲那些行为的原则与法规。一个民族遵守这些原则和法规, 就能保全他们组织的完整, 使它不会解体和腐败。信仰唯一的安拉, 必须放在头等重要的位置, 并且谴责 شِرْك (Shirk--------设立与安拉同等的崇拜对象), 因为相信安拉的独一性, 是生出一切善行的种籽。这种信仰的缺少, 是一切罪恶的根源。这既是自然法则, 又是这本经律的基础。这本经律的全部法则的基础是信仰安拉的独一性, 这一明显的事实勿需再加说明; 即使是自然法则和一切科学进步也是以此为基础的。因为假设有一个以上的主宰, 那么, 必然会有一个以上的自然法则。可是, 如果没有一个一定的统一的自然法则的话, 那么, 一切科学进步就会终止, 因为一切科学发现和发明都是由于相信整个宇宙都充满着一种有一定程序的、不变的系统而产生的。这一节经文中制定的第二个重要律令是关于人类的道德行为的。他们对双亲的责任形成律令的最重要的部份, 因为首先指导人们崇拜安拉的是他们的双亲, 而且父母的镜子能反映出安拉的常德, 是安拉的常德在较小的和人的规范内被给与实际的表现。有关安拉的律令是消极的, 而关于双亲的律令却是积极的。人们被告知, 由于人们不可能报答安拉的恩赐, 但他们至少不做شِرْك (Shirk) 这种事。但是对双亲他们是能够报答他们的慈爱和恩情的, 虽然只是很不够的, 但他们得到一个明确的律令, 对父母要温顺宽厚。

711

阿拉伯语言中, اُفْ (Uff) 这个单词用以表示用话说出一个人的嫌恶的心情, 而نَهْر (Nahr) 用以表示以实际行动来表达嫌恶的心情。把这两个单词合起来, 这节经文的意思是, 一个人切不要对他双亲讲刺耳的话, 更不能苛刻粗暴地对待他们。

اردہ تفصیرِ صغیر نوٹس ^*

1

اس آیت سے ثابت ہے کہ قرآن کریم میں کئی جگہ خطاب محمد رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم سے ہوتا ہے مگر مراد آپ کی امت ہوتی ہے کیونکہ یہ حکم ماں باپ سے سلوک کا ہے اور آپ کے والد آپ کی پیدائش سے پہلے اور آپ کی والدہ آپ کے بلوغ سے پہلے فوت ہو گئی تھیں۔

English - Arberry

Thy Lord has decreed you shall not serve any but Him, and to be good to parents, whether one or both of them attains old age with thee; say not to them 'Fie' neither chide them, but speak unto them words respectful,

English - Maududi

Your Lord has decreed: (i) Do not worship any but Him; (ii) Be good to your parents; and should both or any one of them attain old age with you, do not say to them even "fie" neither chide them, but speak to them with respect,

English - Ahmed Ali

"So your Lord has decreed: Do not worship anyone but Him, and be good to your parents. If one or both of them grow old in your presence, do not say fie to them, nor reprove them, but say gentle words to them

English - Yusuf Ali

Thy Lord hath decreed that ye worship none but Him, and that ye be kind to parents. Whether one or both of them attain old age in thy life, say not to them a word of contempt, nor repel them, but address them in terms of honour.

English - Five Volume Commentary ^*

Cross Refs:

b

2:84; 4:37; 12:41; 41:15.

c

6:152; 29:9; 31:15; 46:16.

1953

Important Words:

اف (a word expressive of disgust) is derived from اف (affa) which means, he said اف (uff) by reason of anxiety or disquietude of mind, or by reason of vexation, distress of mind or disgust. اف is a word expressive of vexation, distress of mind or disgust, dislike, displeasure or hatred; dirt of the ear or paring of the nail; alas, woe or fie. They say اف لك i.e. fie upon thee! The Quranic expression فلا تقل لھما اف means, And say not thou to them اف i.e. do not thou deem anything of their affairs burdensome nor be contracted in bosom thereby, nor be tough or harsh or coarse to them; or do not thou say to them anything expressive of the least disgust (Lane & Aqrab).

ولا تنھرھما (nor reproach them). نھر means, he chid him; he checked him, restrained him or forbade him, with rough speech. (Lane & Aqrab).

کریما (excellent) is derived from کرم which means, it was or became highly esteemed or valued; excellent, precious or rare. They say کرمت ارضه i.e. his land was or became productive or fertile. اکرمه means, he treated him with honour or courtesy. کریم therefore means, generous; noble; high-born; highly esteemed or valued; excellent, precious or rare. It is the contrary of لئیم which means, ignoble; low-born, etc. (Lane & Aqrab).

Commentary:

With this verse begin those principles and rules of conduct by observing which a people can preserve the integrity of their organization and make it safe against disintegration and decline.

In this connection pride of place is given to the maintenance of belief in the Unity and Oneness of God and refutation of shirk (setting up equals with God), because it is in the heyday of their glory and splendour that a people fall a prey to superstitious ideas and idolatrous practices. In fact shirk is at the root of all sins. Man sins because he lacks true faith in God and His attributes. Belief in the Unity of God is like a seed out of which grow all virtues. It is the pivot round which the teachings of all religions and codes of morality revolve. This belief constitutes the basis and the foundation for both the law of nature and the Law of Shari‘ah. That the Law of Shari‘ah is based on belief in the Unity of God is too patent a fact to need any explanation; but even the law of nature and all scientific progress are also based on it. For if it be supposed that there are more gods than one, it necessarily follows that there is more than one law of nature. But in the absence of one fixed and uniform natural law all progress of science will have come to an end, because all the discoveries and inventions made by science are due to the belief that an ordered, fixed and unchangeable system pervades the whole universe. Without such a belief man could never have devoted his attention and labour to fathom the secrets of the unknown. The second most important precept laid down in the verse under comment concerns man’s moral conduct. His obligations towards his parents form the most important part of it, because it is the parents who first of all direct our attention to God. It is in the parental mirror that the Divine attributes of Mercy, Compassion, Love and Providence are reflected and on a minor human scale are given practical expression. They point to the Being from Whom all things take their origin. The long chain of man’s parentage shows that his existence is not the result of mere accident or chance. It turns our thoughts to the Great Originator and Creator. It also shows that a great and noble purpose underlies the creation of man.

The commandment given in relation to God is negative. Man is told that as it is not possible for him to make a return of God’s favours, he should at least refrain from shirk (setting up equals with Him). In the case of parents, however, he is given a positive commandment, because he is in a position to return their love and kindness, though only very inadequately. So he is commanded to be generous to them.

The words, with thee, are significant. They show that when the parents of a person are dependent on him and live with him, he must be specially on his guard against using any harsh words about them. The words have been added because when a man’s parents are living with him, there is always the likelihood for differences to arise and consequently for the embitterment of mutual relations. Moreover, when a person spends his money for another he is inclined to think that he has a right to exercise his authority over him. The Quran therefore has emphasized that extra care should be taken in our relations towards our parents.

In Arabic the word اف (uff) is used to express one’s disgust by words of mouth and نھر (nahr) is used to express it by an actual deed. So by the combination of these two words in this verse the Quran means to say that we should never speak harshly to our parents, much less act unkindly towards them.

English - Short Commentary Notes ^*

Cross Refs:

c

2:84; 4:37; 12:41; 41:15.

d

6:152; 29:9; 31:15; 46:16.

1607

With this verse begin those principles and rules of conduct by observing which a people can preserve the integrity of their organization and render it safe against disintegration and decline. Pride of place is given to belief in the Oneness of God and condemnation of Shirk (setting up equals with Allah), because belief in Divine Unity is a seed out of which grow all virtues, and lack of which lies at the root of all sins. It constitutes the basis and the foundation for both the law of nature and the law of the Shari‘ah. That the whole law of the Shari‘ah is based on belief in the Unity of God is too patent a reality to need any explanation; but even the law of nature and all scientific progress are also based on it. For, if it be supposed that there are more gods than one, it necessarily follows that there are more than one law of nature. But in the absence of one fixed and uniform natural law all progress of science will come to an end, because all the discoveries and inventions m

1608

In Arabic the word Uff is used to express one’s disgust by words of mouth and Nahr is used to express it by actual deed. By combining these two words the verse means that one should never speak harshly to one’s parents, much less act unkindly towards them.

English - Pickthall

Thy Lord hath decreed, that ye worship none save Him, and (that ye show) kindness to parents. If one of them or both of them attain old age with thee, say not "Fie" unto them nor repulse them, but speak unto them a gracious word.

English - Muhammad Ali ^ra

And thy Lord has decreed that you serve none but Him, and do good to parents. If either or both of them reach old age with thee, say not "Fie" to them, nor chide them, and speak to them a generous word.

English - Sir Muhammad Zafrullah Khan ^ra

Thy Lord has commanded that ye worship none but Him and has enjoined benevolence towards parents. Should either or both of them attain old age in thy lifetime, never say: Ugh; to them nor chide them, but always speak gently to them.

كَرِيمًا

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