Ruku 352 ع
Section 352 of 556 • 13 Verses
ضَرَبَ لَكُم مَّثَلًا مِّنْ أَنفُسِكُمْ ۖ هَل لَّكُم مِّن مَّا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَٰنُكُم مِّن شُرَكَآءَ فِى مَا رَزَقْنَٰكُمْ فَأَنتُمْ فِيهِ سَوَآءٌ تَخَافُونَهُمْ كَخِيفَتِكُمْ أَنفُسَكُمْ ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ نُفَصِّلُ ٱلْءَايَٰتِ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ
یعنی جس طرح اُن کو مال سپرد کرنے سے پہلے تم اپنے مال کے مالک تھے اور جتنا چاہتے تھے اپنی جان پر خرچ کر سکتے تھے۔ کیا تم اپنے غلاموں کو مال پر اتنا قبضہ بھی دیا کرتے ہو کہ پھر تم ڈرنے لگو کہ معلوم نہیں یہ ہمیں کچھ کھانے کو بھی دیں گے یا نہیں اور تمہارے قبضہ کی کوئی علامت باقی نہ رہتی ہو۔
The verse purports to say that when a master and a slave are not equal though they are both human beings, and when the master would not share his wealth and property with his slave, how then could God, the sole Creator and Controller of all things, be regarded as sharing the control of the universe with anybody?
Commentary:
This verse contains a very effective argument against polytheism. It purports to say that when a master and slave are not equal though they are both human beings, and when the master would not share his wealth and property with his slave, how then could God, the sole Creator and Controller of all things, be equal to idols of wood and stone and how could He be regarded as sharing the control of the universe with anybody. See also 21:23.
1
یعنی جس طرح اُن کو مال سپرد کرنے سے پہلے تم اپنے مال کے مالک تھے اور جتنا چاہتے تھے اپنی جان پر خرچ کر سکتے تھے۔ کیا تم اپنے غلاموں کو مال پر اتنا قبضہ بھی دیا کرتے ہو کہ پھر تم ڈرنے لگو کہ معلوم نہیں یہ ہمیں کچھ کھانے کو بھی دیں گے یا نہیں اور تمہارے قبضہ کی کوئی علامت باقی نہ رہتی ہو۔
3010
Commentary:
This verse contains a very effective argument against polytheism. It purports to say that when a master and slave are not equal though they are both human beings, and when the master would not share his wealth and property with his slave, how then could God, the sole Creator and Controller of all things, be equal to idols of wood and stone and how could He be regarded as sharing the control of the universe with anybody. See also 21:23.
2283
The verse purports to say that when a master and a slave are not equal though they are both human beings, and when the master would not share his wealth and property with his slave, how then could God, the sole Creator and Controller of all things, be regarded as sharing the control of the universe with anybody?
بَلِ ٱتَّبَعَ ٱلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوٓا۟ أَهْوَآءَهُم بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ ۖ فَمَن يَهْدِى مَنْ أَضَلَّ ٱللَّهُ ۖ وَمَا لَهُم مِّن نَّٰصِرِينَ
7:187; 13:34; 39:37; 40:34.
7:187; 13:34; 39:37; 40:34.
7:187; 13:34; 39:37; 40:34.
b
7:187; 13:34; 39:37; 40:34.
a
7:187; 13:34; 39:37; 40:34.
a
7:187; 13:34; 39:37; 40:34.
فَأَقِمْ وَجْهَكَ لِلدِّينِ حَنِيفًا ۚ فِطْرَتَ ٱللَّهِ ٱلَّتِى فَطَرَ ٱلنَّاسَ عَلَيْهَا ۚ لَا تَبْدِيلَ لِخَلْقِ ٱللَّهِ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ ٱلدِّينُ ٱلْقَيِّمُ وَلَٰكِنَّ أَكْثَرَ ٱلنَّاسِ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ
حَنِیْف کے معنے ہوتے ہیں جس میں کوئی کجی نہ ہو۔
یعنی جس فطرت کے مطابق اللہ تعالیٰ نے انسان کو پیدا کیا ہے وہ ہمیشہ قائم رہے گی اور اس کو کوئی انسان بدل نہیں سکتا۔
10:106; 30:44.
98:6.
God is One and humanity is one. This is Fitratullah or Dinul-Fitrah—the religion which is rooted in the nature of man and to which he conforms and instinctively reacts. It is in this religion that a child is born, but his environments, the ideas and beliefs of his parents and the training he receives from them subsequently make him a Jew, a Magian or a Christian (Bukhari).
10:106; 30:44.
12:41; 98:6.
Commentary:
This verse continues the theme of v. 29 above, the theme, briefly, of the Almightiness and Unity of God, and, by implication, of the oneness of all humanity. The fact, that God is One and all humanity, too, is one, has been called فطرة اللّٰه(nature given by God) or دین الفطرة i.e. the religion which is rooted in the pure and unsullied nature of man. This in other words is Islam and to it has the Holy Prophet referred in his well-known saying… کل مولود یولد علی فطرة الاسلام i.e. every child is born with an unsullied and pure nature, which is دین الفطرة i.e. the religion to which pure human nature conforms and instinctively reacts. It is in this religion that a child is born, but it is his environments, the ideas and beliefs of his parents and the training he receives from them that subsequently make him a Jew, a Magian or a Christian (Bukhari).
The words, "There is no altering the creation of Allah," mean that true religion is rooted in the very nature of man. False beliefs are the result of the influences of environment. Once those vicious extraneous influences are removed, he at once reacts to it and hastens to accept it.
c
10:106; 30:44.
d
98:6.
2
حَنِیْف کے معنے ہوتے ہیں جس میں کوئی کجی نہ ہو۔
3
یعنی جس فطرت کے مطابق اللہ تعالیٰ نے انسان کو پیدا کیا ہے وہ ہمیشہ قائم رہے گی اور اس کو کوئی انسان بدل نہیں سکتا۔
b
10:106; 30:44.
c
12:41; 98:6.
3011
Commentary:
This verse continues the theme of v. 29 above, the theme, briefly, of the Almightiness and Unity of God, and, by implication, of the oneness of all humanity. The fact, that God is One and all humanity, too, is one, has been called فطرة اللّٰه(nature given by God) or دین الفطرة i.e. the religion which is rooted in the pure and unsullied nature of man. This in other words is Islam and to it has the Holy Prophet referred in his well-known saying… کل مولود یولد علی فطرة الاسلام i.e. every child is born with an unsullied and pure nature, which is دین الفطرة i.e. the religion to which pure human nature conforms and instinctively reacts. It is in this religion that a child is born, but it is his environments, the ideas and beliefs of his parents and the training he receives from them that subsequently make him a Jew, a Magian or a Christian (Bukhari).
The words, "There is no altering the creation of Allah," mean that true religion is rooted in the very nature of man. False beliefs are the result of the influences of environment. Once those vicious extraneous influences are removed, he at once reacts to it and hastens to accept it.
b
10:106; 30:44.
c
98:6.
2284
God is One and humanity is one. This is Fitratullah or Dinul-Fitrah—the religion which is rooted in the nature of man and to which he conforms and instinctively reacts. It is in this religion that a child is born, but his environments, the ideas and beliefs of his parents and the training he receives from them subsequently make him a Jew, a Magian or a Christian (Bukhari).
۞ مُنِيبِينَ إِلَيْهِ وَٱتَّقُوهُ وَأَقِيمُوا۟ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَلَا تَكُونُوا۟ مِنَ ٱلْمُشْرِكِينَ
Mere belief in the Almightiness and Oneness of God, though it forms the basic principle of true religion, is not enough. A true religion must possess certain ordinances and commandments. Of these the top priority goes to Prayer.
Commentary:
The verse means to say that mere belief in the Almightiness and Oneness of God, though it forms the basic principle of true religion, is not enough. A true religion has certain ordinances and commandments also. Of these commandments the top priority goes to Prayer, which must be duly observed. A true religion also teaches that fear lest one should incur the displeasure of God, must govern all our actions.
3012
Commentary:
The verse means to say that mere belief in the Almightiness and Oneness of God, though it forms the basic principle of true religion, is not enough. A true religion has certain ordinances and commandments also. Of these commandments the top priority goes to Prayer, which must be duly observed. A true religion also teaches that fear lest one should incur the displeasure of God, must govern all our actions.
2285
Mere belief in the Almightiness and Oneness of God, though it forms the basic principle of true religion, is not enough. A true religion must possess certain ordinances and commandments. Of these the top priority goes to Prayer.
مِنَ ٱلَّذِينَ فَرَّقُوا۟ دِينَهُمْ وَكَانُوا۟ شِيَعًا ۖ كُلُّ حِزْبٍۭ بِمَا لَدَيْهِمْ فَرِحُونَ
مشرک چونکہ بتوں‘ فرشتوں‘ روحوں اور انسانوں میں سے مختلف معبود بناتے ہیں۔ اس لئے وہ کبھی ایک نقطہ پر جمع نہیں ہو سکتے۔ ایک نقطہ پر صرف موحد جمع ہو سکتے ہیں جس طرح وہ لوگ جو اپنے آپ کو مختلف حکومتوں کا باشندہ کہیں اکٹھے نہیں ہو سکتے۔ اکٹھے ہونے کے لئے ضرورت ہے کہ ایک حکومت کا اپنے آپ کوcitizen یعنی شہری قرار دیں۔
جیسا کہ آج کل کے نام نہاد علماء کرتے ہیں۔
6:160.
Important Words:
حزب (hizb) means, a party or company of men, assembling themselves on account of an event that has befallen them; an assembly, a collective body or company of men; a party, portion, division or class of men; the troops, prepared for fighting; any party agreeing in hearts and actions whether meeting together or not (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
The verse means to say that deviation from true religion led people in the past to be split up into warring sections and aroused differences among them.
a
6:160.
993
从真实的宗教中偏离出的不同教派把过去的人们变成互相敌对的部分并在他们之间造成不和。
4
مشرک چونکہ بتوں‘ فرشتوں‘ روحوں اور انسانوں میں سے مختلف معبود بناتے ہیں۔ اس لئے وہ کبھی ایک نقطہ پر جمع نہیں ہو سکتے۔ ایک نقطہ پر صرف موحد جمع ہو سکتے ہیں جس طرح وہ لوگ جو اپنے آپ کو مختلف حکومتوں کا باشندہ کہیں اکٹھے نہیں ہو سکتے۔ اکٹھے ہونے کے لئے ضرورت ہے کہ ایک حکومت کا اپنے آپ کوcitizen یعنی شہری قرار دیں۔
5
جیسا کہ آج کل کے نام نہاد علماء کرتے ہیں۔
a
6:160.
3013
Important Words:
حزب (hizb) means, a party or company of men, assembling themselves on account of an event that has befallen them; an assembly, a collective body or company of men; a party, portion, division or class of men; the troops, prepared for fighting; any party agreeing in hearts and actions whether meeting together or not (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
The verse means to say that deviation from true religion led people in the past to be split up into warring sections and aroused differences among them.
d
6:160.
2286
Deviation from true religion led people in the past to be split up into warring sections and caused differences among them.
وَإِذَا مَسَّ ٱلنَّاسَ ضُرٌّ دَعَوْا۟ رَبَّهُم مُّنِيبِينَ إِلَيْهِ ثُمَّ إِذَآ أَذَاقَهُم مِّنْهُ رَحْمَةً إِذَا فَرِيقٌ مِّنْهُم بِرَبِّهِمْ يُشْرِكُونَ
10:13; 39:9, 50.
10:13; 39:9, 50.
10:13; 39:9, 50.
Commentary:
Having referred in the previous few verses to the Unity of God as being the basic principle of all religions, this and the next three verses deal with Shirk, i.e. associating false gods with the One True God.
b
10:13; 39:9, 50.
a
10:13; 39:9, 50.
3014
Commentary:
Having referred in the previous few verses to the Unity of God as being the basic principle of all religions, this and the next three verses deal with Shirk, i.e. associating false gods with the One True God.
a
10:13; 39:9, 50.
لِيَكْفُرُوا۟ بِمَآ ءَاتَيْنَٰهُمْ ۚ فَتَمَتَّعُوا۟ فَسَوْفَ تَعْلَمُونَ
16:56; 29:67.
یہاں ’’لام‘‘ ہے جس کے معنے ’’لئے‘‘ کے بھی ہوتے ہیں اور ’’نتیجہ‘‘کے بھی یعنی جس فقرہ پر وہ آئے وہ فقرہ پہلی بات کا نتیجہ ہوتا ہے۔
فَـاء کے معنے ’’کیونکہ‘‘ کے ہیں۔
16:56; 29:67.
16:56; 29:67.
c
16:56; 29:67.
1
یہاں ’’لام‘‘ ہے جس کے معنے ’’لئے‘‘ کے بھی ہوتے ہیں اور ’’نتیجہ‘‘کے بھی یعنی جس فقرہ پر وہ آئے وہ فقرہ پہلی بات کا نتیجہ ہوتا ہے۔
2
فَـاء کے معنے ’’کیونکہ‘‘ کے ہیں۔
b
16:56; 29:67.
b
16:56; 29:67.
أَمْ أَنزَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ سُلْطَٰنًا فَهُوَ يَتَكَلَّمُ بِمَا كَانُوا۟ بِهِۦ يُشْرِكُونَ
前几节经文中谈了安拉的独一性是各种宗教的基本教理。这节经文和下三节经文都述及 شِرْك (Shirk), 即杜撰与安拉同等的崇拜对象。多神论者没有任何论据可证实他们种种错误的信念。人类的本性、理智和常识都反对偶像崇拜。
Having referred in the previous few verses to the Unity of God as the basic principle of all religions, this and the next three verses deal with Shirk, i.e. associating false gods with Allah. Polytheists possess no argument whatsoever in support of their false beliefs. Human nature, reason and commonsense all revolt against idolatry.
Commentary:
This verse emphatically declares that polytheists have no argument whatsoever to support and substantiate their polytheistic beliefs. Human nature, reason and common sense all revolt against idolatry and polytheism.
994
前几节经文中谈了安拉的独一性是各种宗教的基本教理。这节经文和下三节经文都述及 شِرْك (Shirk), 即杜撰与安拉同等的崇拜对象。多神论者没有任何论据可证实他们种种错误的信念。人类的本性、理智和常识都反对偶像崇拜。
3015
Commentary:
This verse emphatically declares that polytheists have no argument whatsoever to support and substantiate their polytheistic beliefs. Human nature, reason and common sense all revolt against idolatry and polytheism.
2287
Having referred in the previous few verses to the Unity of God as the basic principle of all religions, this and the next three verses deal with Shirk, i.e. associating false gods with Allah. Polytheists possess no argument whatsoever in support of their false beliefs. Human nature, reason and commonsense all revolt against idolatry.
وَإِذَآ أَذَقْنَا ٱلنَّاسَ رَحْمَةً فَرِحُوا۟ بِهَا ۖ وَإِن تُصِبْهُمْ سَيِّئَةٌۢ بِمَا قَدَّمَتْ أَيْدِيهِمْ إِذَا هُمْ يَقْنَطُونَ
10:22; 41:51, 52; 42:49.
10:22; 41:51, 52; 42:49.
10:22; 41:51-52; 42:49.
Important Words:
یقنطون (are in despair) is formed from قنط which means, he despaired. قانط which is active participle from this root means, one who despairs of God’s mercy. The Arabs say قنط ماءہ عنا i.e. he withheld or debarred his water from us. قنوط (infinitive noun) means, complete despair (Lane & Aqrab).
d
10:22; 41:51, 52; 42:49.
c
10:22; 41:51-52; 42:49.
3016
Important Words:
یقنطون (are in despair) is formed from قنط which means, he despaired. قانط which is active participle from this root means, one who despairs of God’s mercy. The Arabs say قنط ماءہ عنا i.e. he withheld or debarred his water from us. قنوط (infinitive noun) means, complete despair (Lane & Aqrab).
c
10:22; 41:51, 52; 42:49.
أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْا۟ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَبْسُطُ ٱلرِّزْقَ لِمَن يَشَآءُ وَيَقْدِرُ ۚ إِنَّ فِى ذَٰلِكَ لَءَايَٰتٍ لِّقَوْمٍ يُؤْمِنُونَ
29:63.
29:63.
See 29:63.
e
29:63.
a
See 29:63.
d
29:63.
فَـَٔاتِ ذَا ٱلْقُرْبَىٰ حَقَّهُۥ وَٱلْمِسْكِينَ وَٱبْنَ ٱلسَّبِيلِ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ خَيْرٌ لِّلَّذِينَ يُرِيدُونَ وَجْهَ ٱللَّهِ ۖ وَأُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلْمُفْلِحُونَ
16:91; 17:27.
قرآن کریم میں کئی جگہ ظاہراً محمد رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم مخاطب ہوتے ہیں مگر مراد آپ کے اتباع یا قرآن پڑھنے والے ہوتے ہیں اس جگہ بھی رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم مرادنہیں کیونکہ اس جگہ پر صدقہ اور خیرات کا حکم ہے اور آپ پہلے سے ہی تنگی اور فراخی دونوں حالتوں میں رشتہ داروں کی خبر گیری کرتے تھے اور مسکینوں اور مسافروں کی مدد کرتے رہتے تھے۔ اس لئے اس جگہ آپ کی امت کے افراد مراد ہیں آپؐ مرادنہیں۔
16:91; 17:27.
The words 'his due,' embody a fine principle, viz. that the monetary help which the wealthy people give to their poorer brethren in the form of Zakat, charity or gift, are the latter’s right and due, because they make a substantial contribution to the production of wealth of the rich by their labour (51:20). Wherever the Qur’an commands the believers to give monetary help to the needy and the poor, it invariably uses the word Ati instead of I‘ti. By so doing it seeks to safeguard the self-respect of the poor person who receives charity, because, whereas the latter word expresses the sense of giving, the former expresses that of presenting (Kashshaf).
16:91; 17:27.
Commentary:
After dealing with the all-important subject of the Unity of God and giving strong arguments in refutation of Shirk (polytheism) in the preceding several verses, the Surah, in the verse under comment, proceeds to draw attention to the fact that mere beliefs, principles and ideals, however noble and laudable, do not make a religion complete. It must further possess some practical ordinances among which pride of place is given here to the economic uplift of the less fortunate members of society. The words, "give to the kinsman his due," embody a fine principle, viz. that the monetary help which the wealthy people give to their poorer brethren in the form of Zakah, charity or gift are the latter’s right and due, because in the form of their work and labour they make a substantial contribution to the production of wealth of the rich people. It is also of some interest to note that, besides the verse under comment, wherever the Quran commands the believers to give monetary help to the needy and the poor, it invariably uses the word آت instead of اعط. By so doing it seeks to safeguard the self-respect of the poor person who receives charity, because, whereas the latter word expresses the sense of giving, the former expresses that of presenting (Kashshaf). Elsewhere in the Quran we are told that in the wealth of the rich there is a share for those who ask for help as well as for those who cannot (51:20). In this way Islam safeguards the self-respect and dignity of a poor person even when he is actually receiving monetary help from a rich brother.
a
16:91; 17:27.
3
قرآن کریم میں کئی جگہ ظاہراً محمد رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم مخاطب ہوتے ہیں مگر مراد آپ کے اتباع یا قرآن پڑھنے والے ہوتے ہیں اس جگہ بھی رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم مرادنہیں کیونکہ اس جگہ پر صدقہ اور خیرات کا حکم ہے اور آپ پہلے سے ہی تنگی اور فراخی دونوں حالتوں میں رشتہ داروں کی خبر گیری کرتے تھے اور مسکینوں اور مسافروں کی مدد کرتے رہتے تھے۔ اس لئے اس جگہ آپ کی امت کے افراد مراد ہیں آپؐ مرادنہیں۔
b
16:91; 17:27.
3017
Commentary:
After dealing with the all-important subject of the Unity of God and giving strong arguments in refutation of Shirk (polytheism) in the preceding several verses, the Surah, in the verse under comment, proceeds to draw attention to the fact that mere beliefs, principles and ideals, however noble and laudable, do not make a religion complete. It must further possess some practical ordinances among which pride of place is given here to the economic uplift of the less fortunate members of society. The words, "give to the kinsman his due," embody a fine principle, viz. that the monetary help which the wealthy people give to their poorer brethren in the form of Zakah, charity or gift are the latter’s right and due, because in the form of their work and labour they make a substantial contribution to the production of wealth of the rich people. It is also of some interest to note that, besides the verse under comment, wherever the Quran commands the believers to give monetary help to the needy and the poor, it invariably uses the word آت instead of اعط. By so doing it seeks to safeguard the self-respect of the poor person who receives charity, because, whereas the latter word expresses the sense of giving, the former expresses that of presenting (Kashshaf). Elsewhere in the Quran we are told that in the wealth of the rich there is a share for those who ask for help as well as for those who cannot (51:20). In this way Islam safeguards the self-respect and dignity of a poor person even when he is actually receiving monetary help from a rich brother.
a
16:91; 17:27.
2288
The words 'his due,' embody a fine principle, viz. that the monetary help which the wealthy people give to their poorer brethren in the form of Zakat, charity or gift, are the latter’s right and due, because they make a substantial contribution to the production of wealth of the rich by their labour (51:20). Wherever the Qur’an commands the believers to give monetary help to the needy and the poor, it invariably uses the word Ati instead of I‘ti. By so doing it seeks to safeguard the self-respect of the poor person who receives charity, because, whereas the latter word expresses the sense of giving, the former expresses that of presenting (Kashshaf).
وَمَآ ءَاتَيْتُم مِّن رِّبًا لِّيَرْبُوَا۟ فِىٓ أَمْوَٰلِ ٱلنَّاسِ فَلَا يَرْبُوا۟ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ ۖ وَمَآ ءَاتَيْتُم مِّن زَكَوٰةٍ تُرِيدُونَ وَجْهَ ٱللَّهِ فَأُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلْمُضْعِفُونَ
قرآن کریم نے سود کی دو قسمیں بیان کی ہیں۔ ایک وہ سودی کاروبار جو غریبوں سے کیا جاتا ہے اس کو بھی منع کیا گیا ہے‘ لیکن اس آیت سے صاف پتہ لگتا ہے کہ اس جگہ اُس سودی کاروبار کا ذکر ہے جو مالداروں سے کیا جاتا ہے تاکہ وہ مالدار اسے تجارت میں لگائیں اور روپیہ دینے والے کا روپیہ بھی بڑھے۔ بعض مسلمان یہ خیال کرتے ہیں کہ مال داروں یا کمپنی والوں کو روپیہ سود پر دینا یا بنک میں سود پر روپیہ لگانا اسلام میں منع نہیں حالانکہ یہ آیت واضح کرتی ہے کہ اس قسم کا سودی کاروبار بھی منع ہے اگر ان کا خیال ٹھیک ہوتا تو یہ آیت کیوں نازل ہوتی اور اس کی کیا غرض تھی۔ قرآن کریم کا نازل کرنے والا
لُغت میں وَجْہٌ کے معنے مَرْضَاۃ کے بھی لکھے ہیں۔ (اقرب) یعنی رضا۔
2:276, 277.
The verse institutes a contrast between Zakat and interest. Whereas by means of Zakat Islam seeks to improve the miserable lot of the poor, at the same time safeguarding their dignity and self-respect, the institution of interest not only does not better the economic condition of the poor, but actually tends to make the rich richer and the poor poorer. The vast disparity of wealth between different sections of human society, as a result of which a large majority grovels in grinding indigence and penury and a tiny section rolls in unmeasured wealth, is inevitably due to the institution of interest. This verse particularly prohibits taking of interest on money loaned to banks or companies, etc.
2:276; 3:131.
Commentary:
In this verse a contrast has been made between Zakah and interest which institution, according to some people, can help the poor improve their economic condition. By Zakah Islam seeks to improve the miserable lot of the poor, at the same time safeguarding their dignity and self-respect, while the institution of interest not only does not better the economic condition of the poor but on the contrary tends actually to make the rich richer and the poor poorer. The vast disparity of wealth between different sections of human society, as a result of which a large majority grovels in grinding indigence and penury and a tiny section rolls in unmeasured wealth, is inevitably due to the institution of interest. It is on cooperative basis as taught by Islam and not by the giving and taking of interest that the wealth of a community can increase, and it is to this important economic truth that the verse under comment refers.
b
2:276, 277.
995
这节经文对比了天课 (زَكَاة, Zakat) 和利息的差异。伊斯兰教把天课使用于改善穷苦的人的悲惨命运, 同时保持他们的体面和自尊心, 而利息制不仅不能改善穷苦者的经济情况, 而且实际上会使富者越富而穷者越穷。社会不同阶层的贫富极大不均的结果是极大部分人因难以忍受贫穷的煎熬而卑躬屈膝, 而极少数人却腰缠万贯。这必然是利息制度造成的结果。这节经文特别禁止贷款给银行或公司等时收取利息。
1
قرآن کریم نے سود کی دو قسمیں بیان کی ہیں۔ ایک وہ سودی کاروبار جو غریبوں سے کیا جاتا ہے اس کو بھی منع کیا گیا ہے‘ لیکن اس آیت سے صاف پتہ لگتا ہے کہ اس جگہ اُس سودی کاروبار کا ذکر ہے جو مالداروں سے کیا جاتا ہے تاکہ وہ مالدار اسے تجارت میں لگائیں اور روپیہ دینے والے کا روپیہ بھی بڑھے۔ بعض مسلمان یہ خیال کرتے ہیں کہ مال داروں یا کمپنی والوں کو روپیہ سود پر دینا یا بنک میں سود پر روپیہ لگانا اسلام میں منع نہیں حالانکہ یہ آیت واضح کرتی ہے کہ اس قسم کا سودی کاروبار بھی منع ہے اگر ان کا خیال ٹھیک ہوتا تو یہ آیت کیوں نازل ہوتی اور اس کی کیا غرض تھی۔ قرآن کریم کا نازل کرنے والا
2
لُغت میں وَجْہٌ کے معنے مَرْضَاۃ کے بھی لکھے ہیں۔ (اقرب) یعنی رضا۔
a
2:276; 3:131.
3018
Commentary:
In this verse a contrast has been made between Zakah and interest which institution, according to some people, can help the poor improve their economic condition. By Zakah Islam seeks to improve the miserable lot of the poor, at the same time safeguarding their dignity and self-respect, while the institution of interest not only does not better the economic condition of the poor but on the contrary tends actually to make the rich richer and the poor poorer. The vast disparity of wealth between different sections of human society, as a result of which a large majority grovels in grinding indigence and penury and a tiny section rolls in unmeasured wealth, is inevitably due to the institution of interest. It is on cooperative basis as taught by Islam and not by the giving and taking of interest that the wealth of a community can increase, and it is to this important economic truth that the verse under comment refers.
b
2:276, 277.
2289
The verse institutes a contrast between Zakat and interest. Whereas by means of Zakat Islam seeks to improve the miserable lot of the poor, at the same time safeguarding their dignity and self-respect, the institution of interest not only does not better the economic condition of the poor, but actually tends to make the rich richer and the poor poorer. The vast disparity of wealth between different sections of human society, as a result of which a large majority grovels in grinding indigence and penury and a tiny section rolls in unmeasured wealth, is inevitably due to the institution of interest. This verse particularly prohibits taking of interest on money loaned to banks or companies, etc.
ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِى خَلَقَكُمْ ثُمَّ رَزَقَكُمْ ثُمَّ يُمِيتُكُمْ ثُمَّ يُحْيِيكُمْ ۖ هَلْ مِن شُرَكَآئِكُم مَّن يَفْعَلُ مِن ذَٰلِكُم مِّن شَىْءٍ ۚ سُبْحَٰنَهُۥ وَتَعَٰلَىٰ عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ
2:29; 22:67; 40:69; 45:27.
2:29; 22:67; 40:69; 45:27.
God is our Creator. He is our Sustainer and Provider; and He possesses complete control over life and death—the three very essential attributes that the Supreme Being Who commands and demands our worship must and does possess.
2:29; 22:67; 40:69; 45:27.
Commentary:
Before closing the subject of the Unity of God dealt with in the previous several verses, the Surah summarizes the arguments which support it. They are: (a) God is our Creator; (b) He is our Sustainer and Provider; and (c) He possesses complete control over life and death. These are the three very essential attributes that the Supreme Being Who commands and demands our worship must and does possess.
c
2:29; 22:67; 40:69; 45:27.
b
2:29; 22:67; 40:69; 45:27.
3019
Commentary:
Before closing the subject of the Unity of God dealt with in the previous several verses, the Surah summarizes the arguments which support it. They are: (a) God is our Creator; (b) He is our Sustainer and Provider; and (c) He possesses complete control over life and death. These are the three very essential attributes that the Supreme Being Who commands and demands our worship must and does possess.
c
2:29; 22:67; 40:69; 45:27.
2290
God is our Creator. He is our Sustainer and Provider; and He possesses complete control over life and death—the three very essential attributes that the Supreme Being Who commands and demands our worship must and does possess.