Ruku 445 ع
Section 445 of 556 • 10 Verses
أَمْ حَسِبَ ٱلَّذِينَ فِى قُلُوبِهِم مَّرَضٌ أَن لَّن يُخْرِجَ ٱللَّهُ أَضْغَٰنَهُمْ
Important Words:
أضغانھم (their malice) is the plural of ضغن (dighnun) which is inf. noun from ضغن (daghana). ضغن علیه means, he was or became affected with rancour, malice or spite against him. ضغن means, rancour, malice, spite; violent hatred, enmity; desire or yearning or longing of the soul, etc. (Lane & Aqrab).
3810
Important Words:
أضغانھم (their malice) is the plural of ضغن (dighnun) which is inf. noun from ضغن (daghana). ضغن علیه means, he was or became affected with rancour, malice or spite against him. ضغن means, rancour, malice, spite; violent hatred, enmity; desire or yearning or longing of the soul, etc. (Lane & Aqrab).
وَلَوْ نَشَآءُ لَأَرَيْنَٰكَهُمْ فَلَعَرَفْتَهُم بِسِيمَٰهُمْ ۚ وَلَتَعْرِفَنَّهُمْ فِى لَحْنِ ٱلْقَوْلِ ۚ وَٱللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ أَعْمَٰلَكُمْ
伪君子从来不说直话。他说话总是模棱两可, 具多义性, 因此对甲是这个意思, 对乙又是另一个意思。正因为伪君子的这种不正言谈, 2:105节经文中才提到了这点。
A hypocrite never talks straight. He always indulges in ambiguous and equivocal speech in order that it should convey one sense to one person and quite another sense to another person. It is to this crooked manner of speech of the hypocrites that reference has also been made in 2:105.
Important Words:
لحن (tone) is inf. noun from لحن (Lahana). They say لحن له i.e. he said to him something which he (the latter) understood but which was unintelligible to others; he intimated to him something which he alone understood; he spoke obliquely or ambiguously. لحن means, the meaning of speech; its intended sense or import; its intent (it is direct and also indirect); an oblique or ambiguous mode of speech; an inclining of speech to obliqueness, or ambiguity, and equivocal allusion (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
A hypocrite faces both ways. He never talks straight and always indulges in ambiguous and equivocal speech so that it conveys one sense to one person and quite another sense to another person. It is to this crooked manner of speech of the hypocrites that reference has also been made in 2:105.
1261
伪君子从来不说直话。他说话总是模棱两可, 具多义性, 因此对甲是这个意思, 对乙又是另一个意思。正因为伪君子的这种不正言谈, 2:105节经文中才提到了这点。
3811
Important Words:
لحن (tone) is inf. noun from لحن (Lahana). They say لحن له i.e. he said to him something which he (the latter) understood but which was unintelligible to others; he intimated to him something which he alone understood; he spoke obliquely or ambiguously. لحن means, the meaning of speech; its intended sense or import; its intent (it is direct and also indirect); an oblique or ambiguous mode of speech; an inclining of speech to obliqueness, or ambiguity, and equivocal allusion (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
A hypocrite faces both ways. He never talks straight and always indulges in ambiguous and equivocal speech so that it conveys one sense to one person and quite another sense to another person. It is to this crooked manner of speech of the hypocrites that reference has also been made in 2:105.
2756
A hypocrite never talks straight. He always indulges in ambiguous and equivocal speech in order that it should convey one sense to one person and quite another sense to another person. It is to this crooked manner of speech of the hypocrites that reference has also been made in 2:105.
وَلَنَبْلُوَنَّكُمْ حَتَّىٰ نَعْلَمَ ٱلْمُجَٰهِدِينَ مِنكُمْ وَٱلصَّٰبِرِينَ وَنَبْلُوَا۟ أَخْبَارَكُمْ
3:141-143; 29:4, 12.
یعنی ظاہر کردیں۔
3:141-143; 29:4, 12.
‘Arafa is synonymous with ‘Alima, but ‘Ilm is wider and more general in signification than Ma‘rifah. The root meaning of ‘Ilm is that of a mark or sign by which one thing is distinguished from another (Lane). Knowledge or ‘Ilm is of two kinds: (a) knowledge about a thing before its occurrence; and (b) knowledge about it after it has actually happened. The knowledge referred to in the verse under comment belongs to the latter category.
3:141-143; 29:4, 12.
Important Words:
نعلم (We distinguish). علمه means; he knew it; he became acquainted with it. It is syn. with عرفه but علم (‘ilm) is wider and more general in signification than عرف and means, he knew it intuitively and inferentially (i.e. تیقن). They say لأ علم عبداللّٰه من عمر i.e. that I may distinguish ‘Abdullah from ‘Umar. The root meaning of علم (‘ilm) is that of a mark or sign by which one thing is distinguished from another (Lane & Aqrab). See also 2:144 and 3:141.
نبلو (make known) is derived from بلا. They say ابتلاہ or أبلاہ or بلاہ i.e. He (God) tested him with good or evil; he knew it or became acquainted with it; he informed him or acquainted him with it; he manifested it; he revealed it (Lane & Aqrab).
أخبارکم (facts about you), أخبار is the plural of خبر which means, a piece of information; an announcement; an account; a man’s case or state, etc. The difference between خبر and نبأ is that while the former word means, an ordinary news, the latter signifies a news or announcement or information of great import and significance (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
Taking into consideration the root-meanings of the words بلا and خبر and علم the verse would signify that God makes believers pass through travails, trials and tribulations and He has enjoined fighting on them that sincere believers may become distinguished from the hypocrites and that the qualities of head and heart of believers and also the results of their steadfastness and fortitude amidst hardships and privations may have an opportunity to come into actual play.
It may also be noted that knowledge (علم) is of two kinds: (a) knowledge about a thing before its occurrence; and (b) knowledge about it after it has actually happened. Knowledge referred to in the verse under comment belongs to the latter category.
b
3:141-143; 29:4, 12.
1
یعنی ظاہر کردیں۔
a
3:141-143; 29:4, 12.
3812
Important Words:
نعلم (We distinguish). علمه means; he knew it; he became acquainted with it. It is syn. with عرفه but علم (‘ilm) is wider and more general in signification than عرف and means, he knew it intuitively and inferentially (i.e. تیقن). They say لأ علم عبداللّٰه من عمر i.e. that I may distinguish ‘Abdullah from ‘Umar. The root meaning of علم (‘ilm) is that of a mark or sign by which one thing is distinguished from another (Lane & Aqrab). See also 2:144 and 3:141.
نبلو (make known) is derived from بلا. They say ابتلاہ or أبلاہ or بلاہ i.e. He (God) tested him with good or evil; he knew it or became acquainted with it; he informed him or acquainted him with it; he manifested it; he revealed it (Lane & Aqrab).
أخبارکم (facts about you), أخبار is the plural of خبر which means, a piece of information; an announcement; an account; a man’s case or state, etc. The difference between خبر and نبأ is that while the former word means, an ordinary news, the latter signifies a news or announcement or information of great import and significance (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
Taking into consideration the root-meanings of the words بلا and خبر and علم the verse would signify that God makes believers pass through travails, trials and tribulations and He has enjoined fighting on them that sincere believers may become distinguished from the hypocrites and that the qualities of head and heart of believers and also the results of their steadfastness and fortitude amidst hardships and privations may have an opportunity to come into actual play.
It may also be noted that knowledge (علم) is of two kinds: (a) knowledge about a thing before its occurrence; and (b) knowledge about it after it has actually happened. Knowledge referred to in the verse under comment belongs to the latter category.
a
3:141-143; 29:4, 12.
2757
‘Arafa is synonymous with ‘Alima, but ‘Ilm is wider and more general in signification than Ma‘rifah. The root meaning of ‘Ilm is that of a mark or sign by which one thing is distinguished from another (Lane). Knowledge or ‘Ilm is of two kinds: (a) knowledge about a thing before its occurrence; and (b) knowledge about it after it has actually happened. The knowledge referred to in the verse under comment belongs to the latter category.
إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ وَصَدُّوا۟ عَن سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ وَشَآقُّوا۟ ٱلرَّسُولَ مِنۢ بَعْدِ مَا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُمُ ٱلْهُدَىٰ لَن يَضُرُّوا۟ ٱللَّهَ شَيْـًٔا وَسَيُحْبِطُ أَعْمَٰلَهُمْ
8:14; 59:5.
a
8:14; 59:5.
۞ يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓا۟ أَطِيعُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُوا۟ ٱلرَّسُولَ وَلَا تُبْطِلُوٓا۟ أَعْمَٰلَكُمْ
إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ وَصَدُّوا۟ عَن سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ ثُمَّ مَاتُوا۟ وَهُمْ كُفَّارٌ فَلَن يَغْفِرَ ٱللَّهُ لَهُمْ
3:92; 4:19.
3:92; 4:19.
3:92; 4:19.
a
3:92; 4:19.
b
3:92; 4:19.
a
3:92; 4:19.
فَلَا تَهِنُوا۟ وَتَدْعُوٓا۟ إِلَى ٱلسَّلْمِ وَأَنتُمُ ٱلْأَعْلَوْنَ وَٱللَّهُ مَعَكُمْ وَلَن يَتِرَكُمْ أَعْمَٰلَكُمْ
اسلام صلح کی تعلیم تو دیتا ہے مگر اس سے روکتا ہے کہ بُزدل بن کر صلح کی طرف جایا جائے۔ اس آیت میں اسی بات سے روکا ہے۔
3:140.
Muslims are enjoined here that once fighting has started, they should never sue for peace, whatever form or shape the fortunes of war may take. They are to win either victory or martyrdom. No other choice is left to them.
3:140.
Important Words:
لن یترکم (will not deprive you). یتر is derived from وتر. They say وترہ حقه i.e. he made him to suffer loss or detriment in respect of his right; or he deprived him or defrauded him of it partially or wholly (Aqrab).
Commentary:
As the Surah primarily deals with the subject of war, the Muslims are enjoined here that when once the fighting has started, they are not to sue for peace, whatever form or shape the fortunes of war may take. They are to win either victory or martyrdom. The verse, besides laying this heavy responsibility on Muslims, makes to them an unequivocal promise of victory in the words "You will certainly have the upper hand as Allah is with you." But whereas, on the one hand, Muslims are not to sue for peace under any circumstances, on the other, they are not to reject overtures of peace made by the enemy even if by doing so he seeks to deceive Muslims or to gain time (8:62). Islam is a religion of peace. It has certainly permitted its followers to take up arms in self-defence, or, when refusal to fight means sure destruction. But it has also enjoined them to cease fighting, whatever the circumstances, when an offer of peace is made by the opposite side.
b
3:140.
1262
战斗一旦开始, 无论战争的命运将取何种形式, 穆斯林决不求和, 不战胜, 毋宁死。他们没有其它选择。
1
اسلام صلح کی تعلیم تو دیتا ہے مگر اس سے روکتا ہے کہ بُزدل بن کر صلح کی طرف جایا جائے۔ اس آیت میں اسی بات سے روکا ہے۔
c
3:140.
3813
Important Words:
لن یترکم (will not deprive you). یتر is derived from وتر. They say وترہ حقه i.e. he made him to suffer loss or detriment in respect of his right; or he deprived him or defrauded him of it partially or wholly (Aqrab).
Commentary:
As the Surah primarily deals with the subject of war, the Muslims are enjoined here that when once the fighting has started, they are not to sue for peace, whatever form or shape the fortunes of war may take. They are to win either victory or martyrdom. The verse, besides laying this heavy responsibility on Muslims, makes to them an unequivocal promise of victory in the words "You will certainly have the upper hand as Allah is with you." But whereas, on the one hand, Muslims are not to sue for peace under any circumstances, on the other, they are not to reject overtures of peace made by the enemy even if by doing so he seeks to deceive Muslims or to gain time (8:62). Islam is a religion of peace. It has certainly permitted its followers to take up arms in self-defence, or, when refusal to fight means sure destruction. But it has also enjoined them to cease fighting, whatever the circumstances, when an offer of peace is made by the opposite side.
b
3:140.
2758
Muslims are enjoined here that once fighting has started, they should never sue for peace, whatever form or shape the fortunes of war may take. They are to win either victory or martyrdom. No other choice is left to them.
إِنَّمَا ٱلْحَيَوٰةُ ٱلدُّنْيَا لَعِبٌ وَلَهْوٌ ۚ وَإِن تُؤْمِنُوا۟ وَتَتَّقُوا۟ يُؤْتِكُمْ أُجُورَكُمْ وَلَا يَسْـَٔلْكُمْ أَمْوَٰلَكُمْ
6:33; 29:65; 57:21.
6:33; 29:65; 57:21.
The verse purports to say that as Muslims have been enjoined to fight in the cause of Allah, they will have to bear the expenses of war also and for that purpose they will have to make sacrifice of money. But Allah does not need their money. It is for their own benefit that sacrifice of life and money is demanded of them because no success is possible without such sacrifice. True believers must understand and realize this supreme lesson.
6:33; 29:65; 57:21.
Commentary:
The verse purports to say that as Muslims have been enjoined to fight in the cause of God, they will have to bear the expenses of war and for this purpose they will have to make sacrifices of life and money. But God does not need their money. It is for their own benefit that sacrifices of life and money are demanded of them because no success is possible without such sacrifices. True believers must understand and realise this supreme lesson.
c
6:33; 29:65; 57:21.
a
6:33; 29:65; 57:21.
3814
Commentary:
The verse purports to say that as Muslims have been enjoined to fight in the cause of God, they will have to bear the expenses of war and for this purpose they will have to make sacrifices of life and money. But God does not need their money. It is for their own benefit that sacrifices of life and money are demanded of them because no success is possible without such sacrifices. True believers must understand and realise this supreme lesson.
c
6:33; 29:65; 57:21.
2759
The verse purports to say that as Muslims have been enjoined to fight in the cause of Allah, they will have to bear the expenses of war also and for that purpose they will have to make sacrifice of money. But Allah does not need their money. It is for their own benefit that sacrifice of life and money is demanded of them because no success is possible without such sacrifice. True believers must understand and realize this supreme lesson.
إِن يَسْـَٔلْكُمُوهَا فَيُحْفِكُمْ تَبْخَلُوا۟ وَيُخْرِجْ أَضْغَٰنَكُمْ
The verse particularly applies to the hypocrites.
Commentary:
The verse applies to hypocrites. Though professing to be Muslims, they will not spend their money in the cause of Islam, however pressing its need might be, because their hearts are full of rancour, malice and spite against it. But whatever they may or may not do, Islam will be victorious and their rancour and malevolence would be exposed.
3815
Commentary:
The verse applies to hypocrites. Though professing to be Muslims, they will not spend their money in the cause of Islam, however pressing its need might be, because their hearts are full of rancour, malice and spite against it. But whatever they may or may not do, Islam will be victorious and their rancour and malevolence would be exposed.
2760
The verse particularly applies to the hypocrites.
هَٰٓأَنتُمْ هَٰٓؤُلَآءِ تُدْعَوْنَ لِتُنفِقُوا۟ فِى سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ فَمِنكُم مَّن يَبْخَلُ ۖ وَمَن يَبْخَلْ فَإِنَّمَا يَبْخَلُ عَن نَّفْسِهِۦ ۚ وَٱللَّهُ ٱلْغَنِىُّ وَأَنتُمُ ٱلْفُقَرَآءُ ۚ وَإِن تَتَوَلَّوْا۟ يَسْتَبْدِلْ قَوْمًا غَيْرَكُمْ ثُمَّ لَا يَكُونُوٓا۟ أَمْثَٰلَكُم
یعنی اپنی جان ہی کو ثواب سے محروم رکھتا ہے۔
یہاں ثُمَّ کا لفظ ہے جس کے عام معنے ’’پھر‘‘ کے ہوتے ہیں۔ لیکن لغت میں ثُمَّ کے معنے ’’اور‘‘ بھی لکھے ہیں (مُغْنِی اللَّبِیب جلد اول ص۱۰۰ و املاء ابوالبقاء جلد۲ ص۱۲۵) اور وہی اردو میں چسپاں ہوتے ہیں۔ پس ہم نے ان کو اختیار کر لیا ہے۔
5:55.
Miserliness is a deadly moral disease that eats into the vitals of man’s moral and spiritual well-being. Elsewhere, the Qur’an has used very strong language about such people (9:35).
When the Holy Prophet was once asked as to whom the words, 'He will bring instead a people other than you,' referred, he is reported to have said, 'If Faith were to go up to the Pleiades, a man of Persian descent will bring it back to the earth' (Ruhul-Ma‘ani).
35:16.
5:55.
Commentary:
The address in this verse is of general application. Miserliness is a deadly moral disease that eats into the vitals of man’s moral and spiritual well-being. Elsewhere the Quran has used very strong language about misers or niggardly people (9:35). When the Holy Prophet was once asked as to whom the words, "He will bring instead a people other than you," referred, he is reported to have said, "If Faith were to go up to the Pleiades, a man of Persian descent will bring it back to the earth" (Ruhul-Ma‘ani).
a
5:55.
1263
有一次穆圣曾被问到 “安拉将带领一个民族, 但不是你们” 这一句话指谁, 据记载那时他曾说: “如果对安拉的信仰升上昴 (宿) 星团, 有位波斯血统的人会把这信仰带回人间”。(رُوْحُ الْمَعَانِی, Ruhul-Ma‘ani)
2
یعنی اپنی جان ہی کو ثواب سے محروم رکھتا ہے۔
3
یہاں ثُمَّ کا لفظ ہے جس کے عام معنے ’’پھر‘‘ کے ہوتے ہیں۔ لیکن لغت میں ثُمَّ کے معنے ’’اور‘‘ بھی لکھے ہیں (مُغْنِی اللَّبِیب جلد اول ص۱۰۰ و املاء ابوالبقاء جلد۲ ص۱۲۵) اور وہی اردو میں چسپاں ہوتے ہیں۔ پس ہم نے ان کو اختیار کر لیا ہے۔
a
35:16.
b
5:55.
3816
Commentary:
The address in this verse is of general application. Miserliness is a deadly moral disease that eats into the vitals of man’s moral and spiritual well-being. Elsewhere the Quran has used very strong language about misers or niggardly people (9:35). When the Holy Prophet was once asked as to whom the words, "He will bring instead a people other than you," referred, he is reported to have said, "If Faith were to go up to the Pleiades, a man of Persian descent will bring it back to the earth" (Ruhul-Ma‘ani).
a
5:55.
2761
Miserliness is a deadly moral disease that eats into the vitals of man’s moral and spiritual well-being. Elsewhere, the Qur’an has used very strong language about such people (9:35).
2762
When the Holy Prophet was once asked as to whom the words, 'He will bring instead a people other than you,' referred, he is reported to have said, 'If Faith were to go up to the Pleiades, a man of Persian descent will bring it back to the earth' (Ruhul-Ma‘ani).