Ruku 446 ع
Section 446 of 556 • 11 Verses
الفتح
Al-Fath
The Victory • madinah • 29 Verses
بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
1:1.
1:1.
a
1:1.
a
See 1:1.
3816A
Commentary:
See 1:1.
a
1:1.
إِنَّا فَتَحْنَا لَكَ فَتْحًا مُّبِينًا
这里的 “一个明显的胜利” 似指赫戴比亚条约。虽然穆圣在麦地那当初短促的六年生活时期赢得了几次对敌的战争, 摧毁了敌人的战斗力, 然而这些胜利在 «古兰经» 中竟然一次也没有被称为 “明显的胜利”。接受这一不同寻常的荣誉要等到赫戴比亚条约的签订, 虽说事实上条款看来十分令人屈辱。穆斯林们为伊斯兰教的威望遭到显然粗暴的挫伤而困扰, 以致哪怕像欧麦尔这样的中坚份子也在极其悲愤之中惊呼, 假设此项协议是由穆圣之外的其他人士所达致, 他将不屑一顾 (هِشَام, Hisham)。条约确是一次巨大的胜利, 因为这打开了扩展和传播伊斯兰教的道路, 导致麦加的攻克并使伊斯兰教最终征服整个阿拉伯。这证明是穆圣在战略上的一个妙着, 因为他的政治地位作为平等和独立的力量已被古莱什人所承认。(«穆罕默德在麦地那» 蒙哥马利•瓦特著) 穆圣梦见自己率领着一伙信士绕着天房转的精神景象。为了实现这个精神景象, 他在圣月中带了1500名穆斯林赴麦加进行小朝。根据阿拉伯传统和习惯, 圣月中禁止战斗, 伊斯兰教以前也是如此。当他到达麦加附近几里外一个叫乌斯范 (عُسْفَان, ‘Usfan) 的地方, 他那由阿巴德•彬•比希尔 (عَبَّادْ بِنْ بِشْر, ‘Abbad bin Bishr) 指挥的先追队伍向他报告说, 古莱西人决心禁止他进城。为避免武装冲突, 穆圣改变了他的路线, 经过劳累的行军, 由迂迴不平的小路到达了他扎营的赫戴比亚。穆圣宣布为了圣地的荣誉他愿意接受古莱什人的一切要求, (هِشَام, Hisham) 但不管他说什么也不放他进麦加。双方交换了意见, 试图找一个打破僵局的办法。穆圣千方百计, 甚至不顾自己的威望, 想跟古莱西人达成一项合理的妥协, 经过几次热烈而持久的谈判, 签订了条约, 其条款有: “中止战争十年”。凡愿加入穆圣或与他缔约的人都可以有自由, 凡愿加入古莱什的人或与他们缔约的人同样可以照办。如果信者未经其保护人允许就从麦加去穆圣那里, 将被送回保护人; 但穆圣的信徒如返回古莱什的人, 是不会送回的。今年穆圣将返回, 而不进城。次年他和他的伙伴只能去麦加三天, 做小朝觐, 但除了上鞘之剑以外不能携带武器 (布哈理)。
看来条款十分叫人丢脸。穆斯林大为不满。痛苦、屈辱、自尊心受创, 非语言所能确切表达。第三条尤其令人痛心。但穆圣不动声色, 十分冷静。他深信伊斯兰教的道德力量, “知道一个曾经尝到过信仰的甜头的信徒宁入火狱也不会皈依虚假的宗教” (布哈理); 他要证明不管他在哪里, 这都是他们的宗教的力量源泉。因此这个条约证明是 “一个明显的胜利”。穆圣的伙伴完全可以为自己当时在场而骄傲, 并且极有理由把条约看作而不是把征服麦加看作 “这一节经文所提到的一次胜利”。根据他们的看法, 从结果和成效方面看, 没有比这个条约更伟大更有深远的意义了(هِشَام, Hisham)。穆圣自己也称这为一次大胜利 (بَيْهَقِی, Baihaqi)。«古兰经» 上称这是一次明显的胜利 (第二节), 最高的成就 (第六节); 大报应 (第十一节); 安拉对穆圣的完美无缺的恩宠 (第三节), 因为这一胜利打开了伊斯兰教在精神上和政治上征服的大闸门。
The reference in the words 'a clear Victory' seems to be to the Treaty of Hudaibiyah. It is remarkable that though, during the early brief six years of his life at Medina, the Holy Prophet had gained great victories over his enemies which had crippled and crushed their fighting power, yet none of them is called 'a clear victory' in the Qur’an. It was reserved for the Treaty of Hudaibiyah to receive this single honour, despite the fact that its terms were seemingly very humiliating, and the Muslims were greatly perturbed over this apparently rude rebuff to the prestige of Islam, so much so that even a stalwart like ‘Umar exclaimed in extreme grief and indignation that if the terms had been settled by any other person than the Holy Prophet, he would have scorned to listen to them (Hisham). The Treaty was, indeed, a great victory in that it opened the way to the expansion and spread of Islam and led to the Fall of Mecca and ultimately to the conquest of the whole of Arabia. It proved to be a master-stroke
Commentary:
The reference in the words "a clear victory" seems to be to the Treaty of Hudaibiyyah. It is remarkable that though, during the previous brief six years of his life at Medina, the Holy Prophet had gained great victories over his enemies which had crippled and crushed their fighting power, yet none of them is called "a clear victory" in the Quran. It was reserved for the Treaty of Hudaibiyyah to receive this single honour, in spite of the fact that its terms were seemingly so humiliating that the Muslims were greatly perturbed over this apparently rude rebuff to the prestige of Islam, and even a stalwart like ‘Umar exclaimed in extreme grief and indignation that had the terms been settled by any other person than the Holy Prophet, he would have scorned to listen to them (Hisham). The Treaty was indeed a great victory in that it opened the way to the expansion and spread of Islam and led to the Fall of Mecca and ultimately to the conquest of the whole of Arabia. It proved to be a master stroke of strategy as the Holy Prophet’s "political status as an equal and independent power was acknowledged by the Quraish" (Mohammad at Medina by Montgomery Watt).
As the Treaty of Hudaibiyyah constitutes a great landmark in the early history of Islam and as it forms the principal topic dealt with in the Surah under comment, it needs to be treated at some length.
The Holy Prophet had seen a vision that he was making a circuit of the Ka‘bah along with a party of his followers. In fulfilment of his vision, the Prophet started for Mecca with about 1500 Muslims to perform the Lesser Pilgrimage in 6 A.H., in the month of Dhul-Qa‘dah, one of the four sacred months in which, according to Arab tradition and usage, fighting was forbidden, even before Islam. When he reached ‘Usfan, a place a few miles distant from Mecca, he was informed by an advance party whom he had sent under the command of ‘Abbad bin Bishar that the Quraish were bent upon barring his entry into Mecca. In order to avoid an armed clash the Prophet changed his route and "after a fatiguing march through devious and rugged pathways reached Hudai-biyyah," where he encamped. The Prophet had declared that he would accept all the demands of the Quraish for the honour of the Holy Place (Hisham), but the Quraish were firmly resolved not to allow him to enter Mecca, whatever he might say or do. Messages were exchanged in an attempt to find a solution to the impasse. After heated and protracted parleys in which the Holy Prophet left no stone unturned, even at the cost of his prestige, to arrive at a reasonable compromise with the Quraish, a treaty was signed of which the terms were:
War shall be suspended for ten years. Whosoever would like to join the Holy Prophet or enter into treaty with him, shall have liberty to do so. The same will apply to whosoever would like to join the Quraish or enter into treaty with them. If a believing man goes over to the Prophet from Mecca without the permission of his guardian, he shall be sent back to his guardian; but should any of the followers of the Prophet return to the Quraish, they shall not be sent back. The Prophet shall retire this year without entering the city. Next year he and his Companions may visit Mecca only for three days to perform عمرة (Lesser Pilgrimage), but they shall carry no arms save sheathed swords (Bukhari, Hisham & Muir).
The terms of the Treaty were demonstrably very humiliating. The Muslims were greatly upset. No words could adequately describe their grief, and sense of humiliation and injured pride. The third term was particularly galling. But the Holy Prophet was quite calm and tranquil. Being convinced of the moral force of Islam, he knew that "a believer who had once tasted the sweetness of faith would prefer to be cast into fire than to revert to disbelief" (Bukhari), and that he would be a source of strength to his religion and other believers wherever he might happen to be. The case of Abu Basir, and that of Abu Jandal and their associates fully justified his conviction. He wanted to have a peaceful atmosphere. He knew that a peaceful soil was most congenial for the spread of Islam, and Islam did spread very rapidly after the signing of the Treaty of Hudaibiyyah. When as a result of violation by the Quraish of the terms of the Treaty, the Prophet marched on Mecca two years later, ten thousand faithful Companions were under his command, instead of the paltry 1500 who were with him on the occasion of the signing of the Treaty. Thus the Treaty and its aftermath gave in advance the direct lie to the false and foolish propaganda that was to be conducted by Christian missionaries in our own time, that Islam was propagated by the sword.
One immediate effect of the Treaty was that the tribes of Banu Khuza‘ah entered into an alliance with the Holy Prophet, while the Banu Bakar sided with the Quraish, an incident which 1ater on led to the march on Mecca. The Treaty did indeed prove to be "a clear victory." The Companions of the Holy Prophet were rightly proud of being present on the occasion, and quite justified in regarding the signing of the Treaty, and not the conquest of Mecca as "the victory referred to in the present verse" (Bukhari). According to them no victory was greater and more far-reaching in its results and effects than this Treaty (Hisham). And the Holy Prophet himself called it a victory (Baihaqi as quoted by Zurqani).
1264
这里的 “一个明显的胜利” 似指赫戴比亚条约。虽然穆圣在麦地那当初短促的六年生活时期赢得了几次对敌的战争, 摧毁了敌人的战斗力, 然而这些胜利在 «古兰经» 中竟然一次也没有被称为 “明显的胜利”。接受这一不同寻常的荣誉要等到赫戴比亚条约的签订, 虽说事实上条款看来十分令人屈辱。穆斯林们为伊斯兰教的威望遭到显然粗暴的挫伤而困扰, 以致哪怕像欧麦尔这样的中坚份子也在极其悲愤之中惊呼, 假设此项协议是由穆圣之外的其他人士所达致, 他将不屑一顾 (هِشَام, Hisham)。条约确是一次巨大的胜利, 因为这打开了扩展和传播伊斯兰教的道路, 导致麦加的攻克并使伊斯兰教最终征服整个阿拉伯。这证明是穆圣在战略上的一个妙着, 因为他的政治地位作为平等和独立的力量已被古莱什人所承认。(«穆罕默德在麦地那» 蒙哥马利•瓦特著) 穆圣梦见自己率领着一伙信士绕着天房转的精神景象。为了实现这个精神景象, 他在圣月中带了1500名穆斯林赴麦加进行小朝。根据阿拉伯传统和习惯, 圣月中禁止战斗, 伊斯兰教以前也是如此。当他到达麦加附近几里外一个叫乌斯范 (عُسْفَان, ‘Usfan) 的地方, 他那由阿巴德•彬•比希尔 (عَبَّادْ بِنْ بِشْر, ‘Abbad bin Bishr) 指挥的先追队伍向他报告说, 古莱西人决心禁止他进城。为避免武装冲突, 穆圣改变了他的路线, 经过劳累的行军, 由迂迴不平的小路到达了他扎营的赫戴比亚。穆圣宣布为了圣地的荣誉他愿意接受古莱什人的一切要求, (هِشَام, Hisham) 但不管他说什么也不放他进麦加。双方交换了意见, 试图找一个打破僵局的办法。穆圣千方百计, 甚至不顾自己的威望, 想跟古莱西人达成一项合理的妥协, 经过几次热烈而持久的谈判, 签订了条约, 其条款有: “中止战争十年”。凡愿加入穆圣或与他缔约的人都可以有自由, 凡愿加入古莱什的人或与他们缔约的人同样可以照办。如果信者未经其保护人允许就从麦加去穆圣那里, 将被送回保护人; 但穆圣的信徒如返回古莱什的人, 是不会送回的。今年穆圣将返回, 而不进城。次年他和他的伙伴只能去麦加三天, 做小朝觐, 但除了上鞘之剑以外不能携带武器 (布哈理)。
看来条款十分叫人丢脸。穆斯林大为不满。痛苦、屈辱、自尊心受创, 非语言所能确切表达。第三条尤其令人痛心。但穆圣不动声色, 十分冷静。他深信伊斯兰教的道德力量, “知道一个曾经尝到过信仰的甜头的信徒宁入火狱也不会皈依虚假的宗教” (布哈理); 他要证明不管他在哪里, 这都是他们的宗教的力量源泉。因此这个条约证明是 “一个明显的胜利”。穆圣的伙伴完全可以为自己当时在场而骄傲, 并且极有理由把条约看作而不是把征服麦加看作 “这一节经文所提到的一次胜利”。根据他们的看法, 从结果和成效方面看, 没有比这个条约更伟大更有深远的意义了(هِشَام, Hisham)。穆圣自己也称这为一次大胜利 (بَيْهَقِی, Baihaqi)。«古兰经» 上称这是一次明显的胜利 (第二节), 最高的成就 (第六节); 大报应 (第十一节); 安拉对穆圣的完美无缺的恩宠 (第三节), 因为这一胜利打开了伊斯兰教在精神上和政治上征服的大闸门。
3817
Commentary:
The reference in the words "a clear victory" seems to be to the Treaty of Hudaibiyyah. It is remarkable that though, during the previous brief six years of his life at Medina, the Holy Prophet had gained great victories over his enemies which had crippled and crushed their fighting power, yet none of them is called "a clear victory" in the Quran. It was reserved for the Treaty of Hudaibiyyah to receive this single honour, in spite of the fact that its terms were seemingly so humiliating that the Muslims were greatly perturbed over this apparently rude rebuff to the prestige of Islam, and even a stalwart like ‘Umar exclaimed in extreme grief and indignation that had the terms been settled by any other person than the Holy Prophet, he would have scorned to listen to them (Hisham). The Treaty was indeed a great victory in that it opened the way to the expansion and spread of Islam and led to the Fall of Mecca and ultimately to the conquest of the whole of Arabia. It proved to be a master stroke of strategy as the Holy Prophet’s "political status as an equal and independent power was acknowledged by the Quraish" (Mohammad at Medina by Montgomery Watt).
As the Treaty of Hudaibiyyah constitutes a great landmark in the early history of Islam and as it forms the principal topic dealt with in the Surah under comment, it needs to be treated at some length.
The Holy Prophet had seen a vision that he was making a circuit of the Ka‘bah along with a party of his followers. In fulfilment of his vision, the Prophet started for Mecca with about 1500 Muslims to perform the Lesser Pilgrimage in 6 A.H., in the month of Dhul-Qa‘dah, one of the four sacred months in which, according to Arab tradition and usage, fighting was forbidden, even before Islam. When he reached ‘Usfan, a place a few miles distant from Mecca, he was informed by an advance party whom he had sent under the command of ‘Abbad bin Bishar that the Quraish were bent upon barring his entry into Mecca. In order to avoid an armed clash the Prophet changed his route and "after a fatiguing march through devious and rugged pathways reached Hudai-biyyah," where he encamped. The Prophet had declared that he would accept all the demands of the Quraish for the honour of the Holy Place (Hisham), but the Quraish were firmly resolved not to allow him to enter Mecca, whatever he might say or do. Messages were exchanged in an attempt to find a solution to the impasse. After heated and protracted parleys in which the Holy Prophet left no stone unturned, even at the cost of his prestige, to arrive at a reasonable compromise with the Quraish, a treaty was signed of which the terms were:
War shall be suspended for ten years. Whosoever would like to join the Holy Prophet or enter into treaty with him, shall have liberty to do so. The same will apply to whosoever would like to join the Quraish or enter into treaty with them. If a believing man goes over to the Prophet from Mecca without the permission of his guardian, he shall be sent back to his guardian; but should any of the followers of the Prophet return to the Quraish, they shall not be sent back. The Prophet shall retire this year without entering the city. Next year he and his Companions may visit Mecca only for three days to perform عمرة (Lesser Pilgrimage), but they shall carry no arms save sheathed swords (Bukhari, Hisham & Muir).
The terms of the Treaty were demonstrably very humiliating. The Muslims were greatly upset. No words could adequately describe their grief, and sense of humiliation and injured pride. The third term was particularly galling. But the Holy Prophet was quite calm and tranquil. Being convinced of the moral force of Islam, he knew that "a believer who had once tasted the sweetness of faith would prefer to be cast into fire than to revert to disbelief" (Bukhari), and that he would be a source of strength to his religion and other believers wherever he might happen to be. The case of Abu Basir, and that of Abu Jandal and their associates fully justified his conviction. He wanted to have a peaceful atmosphere. He knew that a peaceful soil was most congenial for the spread of Islam, and Islam did spread very rapidly after the signing of the Treaty of Hudaibiyyah. When as a result of violation by the Quraish of the terms of the Treaty, the Prophet marched on Mecca two years later, ten thousand faithful Companions were under his command, instead of the paltry 1500 who were with him on the occasion of the signing of the Treaty. Thus the Treaty and its aftermath gave in advance the direct lie to the false and foolish propaganda that was to be conducted by Christian missionaries in our own time, that Islam was propagated by the sword.
One immediate effect of the Treaty was that the tribes of Banu Khuza‘ah entered into an alliance with the Holy Prophet, while the Banu Bakar sided with the Quraish, an incident which 1ater on led to the march on Mecca. The Treaty did indeed prove to be "a clear victory." The Companions of the Holy Prophet were rightly proud of being present on the occasion, and quite justified in regarding the signing of the Treaty, and not the conquest of Mecca as "the victory referred to in the present verse" (Bukhari). According to them no victory was greater and more far-reaching in its results and effects than this Treaty (Hisham). And the Holy Prophet himself called it a victory (Baihaqi as quoted by Zurqani).
2763
The reference in the words 'a clear Victory' seems to be to the Treaty of Hudaibiyah. It is remarkable that though, during the early brief six years of his life at Medina, the Holy Prophet had gained great victories over his enemies which had crippled and crushed their fighting power, yet none of them is called 'a clear victory' in the Qur’an. It was reserved for the Treaty of Hudaibiyah to receive this single honour, despite the fact that its terms were seemingly very humiliating, and the Muslims were greatly perturbed over this apparently rude rebuff to the prestige of Islam, so much so that even a stalwart like ‘Umar exclaimed in extreme grief and indignation that if the terms had been settled by any other person than the Holy Prophet, he would have scorned to listen to them (Hisham). The Treaty was, indeed, a great victory in that it opened the way to the expansion and spread of Islam and led to the Fall of Mecca and ultimately to the conquest of the whole of Arabia. It proved to be a master-stroke
لِّيَغْفِرَ لَكَ ٱللَّهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِن ذَنۢبِكَ وَمَا تَأَخَّرَ وَيُتِمَّ نِعْمَتَهُۥ عَلَيْكَ وَيَهْدِيَكَ صِرَٰطًا مُّسْتَقِيمًا
یہ سورۃ صلح حدیبیہ کے متعلق ہے اور اس میں کہا گیا ہے کہ فتح مکہ سے پہلے ایک اور فتح آنے والی ہے یعنی حدیبیہ کی صلح۔ جس میں عرب کے بہت سے قبیلے رسول کریم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم سے معاہدہ کریں گے۔ محمد رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کو چاہیے اس وقت عفو سے کام لیں اور جو خطائیں عرب پہلے کر چکے ہیں ان کے لئے بھی مغفرت چاہیں اور ان کے لئے بھی جو صلح حدیبیہ اور فتح مکہ کے زمانہ کے درمیان ہونے والی ہیں۔ ورنہ یہ مرادنہیں کہ رسول کریم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے کوئی گناہ کیا تھا۔ چنانچہ ہر شخص سمجھ سکتا ہے کہ جہاں بھی ذَنْب کا ذکر آتا ہے فتح کے موقعہ پر آتا ہے۔ پس ذَنْبسے مراد آپ کا کیا ہو
The verse has been deliberately misrepresented, or, through lack of knowledge of Arabic idiom and phrase, misinterpreted by some Christian writers as signifying that the Holy Prophet was guilty of moral lapses. It is an article of faith with Muslims, as enjoined by the Qur’an, that God’s Prophets are born sinless and they remain sinless throughout their lives. They do not say or do anything contrary to Divine commandments (21:28). As they are commissioned by God to purge men of sins, so they cannot possibly commit sins themselves. And of Divine Messengers the Holy Prophet was the noblest and the purest. The Qur’an abounds in verses which speak in glowing terms of the purity and spotlessness of his life (2:130; 3:32; 3:165; 6:163; 7:158; 8:25; 33:22; 48:11; 53:3, 4; 68:5 & 81:20-22). For the expression li-Yaghfira, see {2612}.
A man of such high moral stature as the Holy Prophet, who raised a whole people, sunk into the lowest depths of moral turpitude, to the highest pinnacle of spiritual eminence, could not possibly be guilty of such moral lapses as his detractors have vainly sought to impute to him. A quite simple and harmless word, Dhanb, has been taken advantage of to malign him. The word signifies such frailties as adhere to human nature, and to errors as are calculated to bring about harmful results. The verse signifies that God would protect the Holy Prophet from the harmful results that would follow in the wake of the promised victory referred to in the preceding verse, inasmuch as large masses of people would enter the fold of Islam, and naturally their moral and spiritual training and upbringing would not be of the desired standard. That is why wherever in the Qur’an success and victories are promised to the Holy Prophet, he is enjoined to seek protection of God from his Dhanb, i.e. human weaknesses wh
The words 'past and present' signify that the charges, that were levelled against the Holy Prophet in the past by the Quraish, and those that will be levelled against him in future by his enemies, will all be dispelled and he will stand completely vindicated.
Important Words:
لیغفر (that He may cover up). They say غفر المتاع i.e. he put the goods into the bag and covered and protected them. غفرانand مغفرة both infinitive nouns mean, protection and preservation. مغفر means, helmet and غفارة means, cloth worn beneath the veil to keep it clean (Lane, Mufradat & Aqrab). See also 2:59; 14:42 & 40:56.
ذنبک (thy shortcomings).ذنبه means, he followed his trail, not quitting his track. ذنب therefore, signifies such natural failings or frailties as adhere to human nature. أذنب means, he committed a sin, a crime, a misdemeanour, fault, etc. According to Imam Raghib ذنب means, such errors and mistakes as bring about a harmful result. It differs from اثم in being either intentional or committed through inadvertence while اثم is peculiarly intentional (Lane). See also 3:17.
Commentary:
The verse has been deliberately misrepresented, or, through lack of knowledge of Arabic idiom and phrase, misinterpreted, by Christian missionaries as signifying that the Holy Prophet was guilty of some moral lapses. But it bears no such construction. It is an article of faith with Muslims, as enjoined by the Quran that God’s Prophets are born sinless and they remain sinless throughout their lives. They are incapable of saying or doing anything contrary to Divine commandments (21:28). As they are commissioned by God to purge men of sins, they cannot themselves commit sins. And of Divine Messengers the Holy Prophet was the noblest and the purest. The Quran abounds in verses which speak in glowing terms of the purity and spotlessness of his life. Here are a few of them:
(a) Say, if you love Allah, follow me; then will Allah love you (3:32). (b) Verily, Allah has conferred a favour on the believers by raising among them a Messenger from among themselves, who recites to them His signs, and purifies them and teaches them the Book and wisdom (3:165). (c) Say, my Prayer and my sacrifice and my life and my death are all for Allah, the Lord of all the worlds (6:163). (d) Those who follow the Messenger, the Prophet, the Immaculate (sinless) One…(7:158). (e) O ye who believe! respond to Allah, and the Messenger when he (the Messenger) calls you that he may give you life (8:25). (f) Verily, you have in the Prophet of Allah an excellent model (33:22). (g) Verily, those who swear allegiance to thee, indeed, swear allegiance to Allah (48:11). (h) Your Companion has neither erred, nor has he gone astray, nor does he speak out of his own desire (53:3-4). (i) And thou dost surely possess very high moral excellences (68:5). (j) A noble Messenger, possessor of power, established in the presence of the Lord of the Throne, one who should be obeyed and who is faithful to his trust (81:20-22).
A man of such high moral stature, as the Holy Prophet, who raised a whole people sunk into the lowest depths of moral turpitude to the highest pinnacles of spiritual eminence, could not possibly be guilty of such moral lapses as his detractors seek to impute to him.
A quite simple and harmless word— ذنب —is taken advantage of to malign him. The word, among other things, signifies such frailties as adhere to human nature, and errors as are calculated to bring about harmful results. In this sense of the word the verse signifies that God would protect the Holy Prophet from the harmful results that would follow in the wake of the promised victory referred to in the preceding verse, inasmuch as, large masses of people would enter the fold of Islam, and naturally their moral and spiritual training and upbringing would not be of the desired standard. That is why wherever in the Quran success and victories are promised to the Holy Prophet, he is enjoined to seek protection of God from his ذنب i.e. human weakness which might stand in the way of the realization of his great mission which is the spread and expansion of Islam and the creation of a disciplined community of high morals. The fact that of the four words جناح and جرم and اثم and ذنب, which possess almost similar connotations, the first three have not been used in the Quran with regard to Prophets of God, shows that ذنب does not possess the sinister meaning which the other three words possess. Besides, according to the Quranic idiom, the expression ذنبک, if at all ذنبbe taken to signify a sin or crime, would mean "the sins attributed to thee or alleged to have been committed by thee or the sins committed against thee." Elsewhere in the Quran (5:30) a similar expression اثمی (my sin) means, the sin committed against me. Thus the verse under comment means that as a result of the great victory, i.e. the Treaty of Hudaibiyyah, all the sins and crimes and faults which his enemies imputed to the Holy Prophet, viz. that he was a cheat, an impostor or forger of lies against God and man, etc., would prove to be false, inasmuch as all sorts of people by coming into contact with Muslims would find out the truth about him. Moreover, the context also supports this meaning because grant of a clear victory and the completion of Divine favour upon the Holy Prophet, referred to in this and the preceding verse do not seem to possess any relevance to the forgiveness of sins, if ذنب be taken to mean a sin. And theexpression لک may also mean "for thy sake".
The words "past and present" signify that the charges that have been levelled against the Holy Prophet in the past by the Quraish and those that will be levelled against him in future by his enemies, will all be dispelled and he will stand completely vindicated. The words seem to embody a great prophecy that in some future time the Holy Prophet will be misrepresented and misunderstood but that all misunderstandings will eventually be dissipated and Islam will shine forth in full glory, and its superiority will be established over all rival Faiths.
1
یہ سورۃ صلح حدیبیہ کے متعلق ہے اور اس میں کہا گیا ہے کہ فتح مکہ سے پہلے ایک اور فتح آنے والی ہے یعنی حدیبیہ کی صلح۔ جس میں عرب کے بہت سے قبیلے رسول کریم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم سے معاہدہ کریں گے۔ محمد رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کو چاہیے اس وقت عفو سے کام لیں اور جو خطائیں عرب پہلے کر چکے ہیں ان کے لئے بھی مغفرت چاہیں اور ان کے لئے بھی جو صلح حدیبیہ اور فتح مکہ کے زمانہ کے درمیان ہونے والی ہیں۔ ورنہ یہ مرادنہیں کہ رسول کریم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے کوئی گناہ کیا تھا۔ چنانچہ ہر شخص سمجھ سکتا ہے کہ جہاں بھی ذَنْب کا ذکر آتا ہے فتح کے موقعہ پر آتا ہے۔ پس ذَنْبسے مراد آپ کا کیا ہو
3818
Important Words:
لیغفر (that He may cover up). They say غفر المتاع i.e. he put the goods into the bag and covered and protected them. غفرانand مغفرة both infinitive nouns mean, protection and preservation. مغفر means, helmet and غفارة means, cloth worn beneath the veil to keep it clean (Lane, Mufradat & Aqrab). See also 2:59; 14:42 & 40:56.
ذنبک (thy shortcomings).ذنبه means, he followed his trail, not quitting his track. ذنب therefore, signifies such natural failings or frailties as adhere to human nature. أذنب means, he committed a sin, a crime, a misdemeanour, fault, etc. According to Imam Raghib ذنب means, such errors and mistakes as bring about a harmful result. It differs from اثم in being either intentional or committed through inadvertence while اثم is peculiarly intentional (Lane). See also 3:17.
Commentary:
The verse has been deliberately misrepresented, or, through lack of knowledge of Arabic idiom and phrase, misinterpreted, by Christian missionaries as signifying that the Holy Prophet was guilty of some moral lapses. But it bears no such construction. It is an article of faith with Muslims, as enjoined by the Quran that God’s Prophets are born sinless and they remain sinless throughout their lives. They are incapable of saying or doing anything contrary to Divine commandments (21:28). As they are commissioned by God to purge men of sins, they cannot themselves commit sins. And of Divine Messengers the Holy Prophet was the noblest and the purest. The Quran abounds in verses which speak in glowing terms of the purity and spotlessness of his life. Here are a few of them:
(a) Say, if you love Allah, follow me; then will Allah love you (3:32). (b) Verily, Allah has conferred a favour on the believers by raising among them a Messenger from among themselves, who recites to them His signs, and purifies them and teaches them the Book and wisdom (3:165). (c) Say, my Prayer and my sacrifice and my life and my death are all for Allah, the Lord of all the worlds (6:163). (d) Those who follow the Messenger, the Prophet, the Immaculate (sinless) One…(7:158). (e) O ye who believe! respond to Allah, and the Messenger when he (the Messenger) calls you that he may give you life (8:25). (f) Verily, you have in the Prophet of Allah an excellent model (33:22). (g) Verily, those who swear allegiance to thee, indeed, swear allegiance to Allah (48:11). (h) Your Companion has neither erred, nor has he gone astray, nor does he speak out of his own desire (53:3-4). (i) And thou dost surely possess very high moral excellences (68:5). (j) A noble Messenger, possessor of power, established in the presence of the Lord of the Throne, one who should be obeyed and who is faithful to his trust (81:20-22).
A man of such high moral stature, as the Holy Prophet, who raised a whole people sunk into the lowest depths of moral turpitude to the highest pinnacles of spiritual eminence, could not possibly be guilty of such moral lapses as his detractors seek to impute to him.
A quite simple and harmless word— ذنب —is taken advantage of to malign him. The word, among other things, signifies such frailties as adhere to human nature, and errors as are calculated to bring about harmful results. In this sense of the word the verse signifies that God would protect the Holy Prophet from the harmful results that would follow in the wake of the promised victory referred to in the preceding verse, inasmuch as, large masses of people would enter the fold of Islam, and naturally their moral and spiritual training and upbringing would not be of the desired standard. That is why wherever in the Quran success and victories are promised to the Holy Prophet, he is enjoined to seek protection of God from his ذنب i.e. human weakness which might stand in the way of the realization of his great mission which is the spread and expansion of Islam and the creation of a disciplined community of high morals. The fact that of the four words جناح and جرم and اثم and ذنب, which possess almost similar connotations, the first three have not been used in the Quran with regard to Prophets of God, shows that ذنب does not possess the sinister meaning which the other three words possess. Besides, according to the Quranic idiom, the expression ذنبک, if at all ذنبbe taken to signify a sin or crime, would mean "the sins attributed to thee or alleged to have been committed by thee or the sins committed against thee." Elsewhere in the Quran (5:30) a similar expression اثمی (my sin) means, the sin committed against me. Thus the verse under comment means that as a result of the great victory, i.e. the Treaty of Hudaibiyyah, all the sins and crimes and faults which his enemies imputed to the Holy Prophet, viz. that he was a cheat, an impostor or forger of lies against God and man, etc., would prove to be false, inasmuch as all sorts of people by coming into contact with Muslims would find out the truth about him. Moreover, the context also supports this meaning because grant of a clear victory and the completion of Divine favour upon the Holy Prophet, referred to in this and the preceding verse do not seem to possess any relevance to the forgiveness of sins, if ذنب be taken to mean a sin. And theexpression لک may also mean "for thy sake".
The words "past and present" signify that the charges that have been levelled against the Holy Prophet in the past by the Quraish and those that will be levelled against him in future by his enemies, will all be dispelled and he will stand completely vindicated. The words seem to embody a great prophecy that in some future time the Holy Prophet will be misrepresented and misunderstood but that all misunderstandings will eventually be dissipated and Islam will shine forth in full glory, and its superiority will be established over all rival Faiths.
2764
The verse has been deliberately misrepresented, or, through lack of knowledge of Arabic idiom and phrase, misinterpreted by some Christian writers as signifying that the Holy Prophet was guilty of moral lapses. It is an article of faith with Muslims, as enjoined by the Qur’an, that God’s Prophets are born sinless and they remain sinless throughout their lives. They do not say or do anything contrary to Divine commandments (21:28). As they are commissioned by God to purge men of sins, so they cannot possibly commit sins themselves. And of Divine Messengers the Holy Prophet was the noblest and the purest. The Qur’an abounds in verses which speak in glowing terms of the purity and spotlessness of his life (2:130; 3:32; 3:165; 6:163; 7:158; 8:25; 33:22; 48:11; 53:3, 4; 68:5 & 81:20-22). For the expression li-Yaghfira, see {2612}.
2765
A man of such high moral stature as the Holy Prophet, who raised a whole people, sunk into the lowest depths of moral turpitude, to the highest pinnacle of spiritual eminence, could not possibly be guilty of such moral lapses as his detractors have vainly sought to impute to him. A quite simple and harmless word, Dhanb, has been taken advantage of to malign him. The word signifies such frailties as adhere to human nature, and to errors as are calculated to bring about harmful results. The verse signifies that God would protect the Holy Prophet from the harmful results that would follow in the wake of the promised victory referred to in the preceding verse, inasmuch as large masses of people would enter the fold of Islam, and naturally their moral and spiritual training and upbringing would not be of the desired standard. That is why wherever in the Qur’an success and victories are promised to the Holy Prophet, he is enjoined to seek protection of God from his Dhanb, i.e. human weaknesses wh
2766
The words 'past and present' signify that the charges, that were levelled against the Holy Prophet in the past by the Quraish, and those that will be levelled against him in future by his enemies, will all be dispelled and he will stand completely vindicated.
وَيَنصُرَكَ ٱللَّهُ نَصْرًا عَزِيزًا
Allah’s help came in the form of the rapid spread of Islam in Arabia after the signing of the Treaty of Hudaibiyah, and the Holy Prophet was acknowledged as the Head of an independent sovereign State.
Commentary:
Allah’s help came in the form of the rapid spread of Islam in Arabia after the signing of the Treaty of Hudaibiyyah, and the Holy Prophet was acknowledged as the Head of an independent sovereign State.
3819
Commentary:
Allah’s help came in the form of the rapid spread of Islam in Arabia after the signing of the Treaty of Hudaibiyyah, and the Holy Prophet was acknowledged as the Head of an independent sovereign State.
2767
Allah’s help came in the form of the rapid spread of Islam in Arabia after the signing of the Treaty of Hudaibiyah, and the Holy Prophet was acknowledged as the Head of an independent sovereign State.
هُوَ ٱلَّذِىٓ أَنزَلَ ٱلسَّكِينَةَ فِى قُلُوبِ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ لِيَزْدَادُوٓا۟ إِيمَٰنًا مَّعَ إِيمَٰنِهِمْ ۗ وَلِلَّهِ جُنُودُ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ ۚ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا
The expression shows that though, due to a misunderstanding about the terms of the Treaty of Hudaibiyah the believers were temporarily perturbed, they never lost peace of mind so far as fighting in the cause of Allah was concerned, and were fully convinced that Divine hosts were with them. That is why when a false news reached Hudaibiyah that ‘Uthman, the Prophet’s envoy to the Meccans, had been killed, and the Holy Prophet invited Muslims to take a solemn oath at his hand that they would avenge the death of ‘Uthman and would fight under his banner to the bitter end, all of them took the oath without evincing the least hesitation.
9:26.
33:10; 74:32.
Commentary:
Twice, in this Surah has the statement been made that "God sent down tranquillity upon the believers" (see v. 27) and twice the declaration that "to Allah belong the hosts of the heavens and the earth." These expressions show that though, due to a misunderstanding about the terms of the Treaty of Hudaibiyyah, the believers were temporarily perturbed, they never lost peace of mind so far as fighting in the cause of Allah was concerned, and were fully convinced that divine hosts were with them. That is why when a false news reached Hudaibiyyah that ‘Uthman, the Prophet’s envoy to the Meccans, had been killed, and the Prophet invited Muslims to take a solemn oath at his hand that they would avenge the death of ‘Uthman and would fight under his banner to the bitter end, all of them took the oath without evincing the least hesitation.
a
9:26.
b
33:10; 74:32.
3820
Commentary:
Twice, in this Surah has the statement been made that "God sent down tranquillity upon the believers" (see v. 27) and twice the declaration that "to Allah belong the hosts of the heavens and the earth." These expressions show that though, due to a misunderstanding about the terms of the Treaty of Hudaibiyyah, the believers were temporarily perturbed, they never lost peace of mind so far as fighting in the cause of Allah was concerned, and were fully convinced that divine hosts were with them. That is why when a false news reached Hudaibiyyah that ‘Uthman, the Prophet’s envoy to the Meccans, had been killed, and the Prophet invited Muslims to take a solemn oath at his hand that they would avenge the death of ‘Uthman and would fight under his banner to the bitter end, all of them took the oath without evincing the least hesitation.
2768
The expression shows that though, due to a misunderstanding about the terms of the Treaty of Hudaibiyah the believers were temporarily perturbed, they never lost peace of mind so far as fighting in the cause of Allah was concerned, and were fully convinced that Divine hosts were with them. That is why when a false news reached Hudaibiyah that ‘Uthman, the Prophet’s envoy to the Meccans, had been killed, and the Holy Prophet invited Muslims to take a solemn oath at his hand that they would avenge the death of ‘Uthman and would fight under his banner to the bitter end, all of them took the oath without evincing the least hesitation.
لِّيُدْخِلَ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَٱلْمُؤْمِنَٰتِ جَنَّٰتٍ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا ٱلْأَنْهَٰرُ خَٰلِدِينَ فِيهَا وَيُكَفِّرَ عَنْهُمْ سَيِّـَٔاتِهِمْ ۚ وَكَانَ ذَٰلِكَ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ فَوْزًا عَظِيمًا
8:30; 64:10; 66:9.
یعنی ایمان کی زیادتی کے نتیجہ میں ایک تو اُخروی انعام بڑھ جائے گا۔ دوسرے وہ گناہوں سے پاک ہو جائیں گے۔
8:30; 64:10; 66:9.
8:30; 64:10; 66:9.
a
8:30; 64:10; 66:9.
1
یعنی ایمان کی زیادتی کے نتیجہ میں ایک تو اُخروی انعام بڑھ جائے گا۔ دوسرے وہ گناہوں سے پاک ہو جائیں گے۔
a
8:30; 64:10; 66:9.
a
8:30; 64:10; 66:9.
وَيُعَذِّبَ ٱلْمُنَٰفِقِينَ وَٱلْمُنَٰفِقَٰتِ وَٱلْمُشْرِكِينَ وَٱلْمُشْرِكَٰتِ ٱلظَّآنِّينَ بِٱللَّهِ ظَنَّ ٱلسَّوْءِ ۚ عَلَيْهِمْ دَآئِرَةُ ٱلسَّوْءِ ۖ وَغَضِبَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَعَنَهُمْ وَأَعَدَّ لَهُمْ جَهَنَّمَ ۖ وَسَآءَتْ مَصِيرًا
یعنی مومنوں کے ایمان کی زیادتی منافق مردوں اور منافق عورتوں کے عذاب کا موجب ہو جائے گی۔ یعنی وہ تو یہ امید رکھتے تھے کہ ان حالات میں مومن متزلزل ہو جائیں گے۔ لیکن نتیجہ اُلٹا نکلا کہ وہ ایمان میں اور بھی بڑھ گئے پس منافقوں اور مشرکوں کے ہاتھ میں سوائے کڑھنے اور جلنے کے عذاب کے کچھ بھی نہ آیا۔ اسی طرح ان لوگوں کے ہاتھ بھی کچھ نہ آیا۔ جو اللہ تعالیٰ پر بدگمانی کرتے تھے۔ اور سمجھتے تھے کہ ان کی تدبیریں اسلام کو نقصان پہنچائیں گی۔
33:25.
9:98.
33:25.
9:98.
Important Words:
دائرة (calamity) is derived from دار which means, it (an event) came about. دار الدھر means, the time took a turn; it changed. دار بینھم الکأس means, the wine-cup went round them. دائرة means, the circuit of a thing; an evil turn of fortune; calamity; defeat; rout; slaughter; death. دارت علیھم الدوائر means, calamities befell them (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
The verse means that every turn of fortune adds to the faith of believers and any addition to faith of believers increases the heart-burning and jealousy of disbelievers and the hypocrites. The latter had entertained the false hope that the terms of the Treaty of Hudaibiyyah would bring about a weakening of faith among the believers but the opposite happened and this caused heart-burning among them.
b
33:25.
c
9:98.
2
یعنی مومنوں کے ایمان کی زیادتی منافق مردوں اور منافق عورتوں کے عذاب کا موجب ہو جائے گی۔ یعنی وہ تو یہ امید رکھتے تھے کہ ان حالات میں مومن متزلزل ہو جائیں گے۔ لیکن نتیجہ اُلٹا نکلا کہ وہ ایمان میں اور بھی بڑھ گئے پس منافقوں اور مشرکوں کے ہاتھ میں سوائے کڑھنے اور جلنے کے عذاب کے کچھ بھی نہ آیا۔ اسی طرح ان لوگوں کے ہاتھ بھی کچھ نہ آیا۔ جو اللہ تعالیٰ پر بدگمانی کرتے تھے۔ اور سمجھتے تھے کہ ان کی تدبیریں اسلام کو نقصان پہنچائیں گی۔
b
33:25.
c
9:98.
3821
Important Words:
دائرة (calamity) is derived from دار which means, it (an event) came about. دار الدھر means, the time took a turn; it changed. دار بینھم الکأس means, the wine-cup went round them. دائرة means, the circuit of a thing; an evil turn of fortune; calamity; defeat; rout; slaughter; death. دارت علیھم الدوائر means, calamities befell them (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
The verse means that every turn of fortune adds to the faith of believers and any addition to faith of believers increases the heart-burning and jealousy of disbelievers and the hypocrites. The latter had entertained the false hope that the terms of the Treaty of Hudaibiyyah would bring about a weakening of faith among the believers but the opposite happened and this caused heart-burning among them.
b
33:25.
c
9:98.
وَلِلَّهِ جُنُودُ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ ۚ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ عَزِيزًا حَكِيمًا
See 48:5.
Commentary:
The verse warns disbelievers and hypocrites that all their evil thoughts and designs against believers would do the latter no harm, because Allah is with them and His hosts are at their back.
a
See 48:5.
3822
Commentary:
The verse warns disbelievers and hypocrites that all their evil thoughts and designs against believers would do the latter no harm, because Allah is with them and His hosts are at their back.
إِنَّآ أَرْسَلْنَٰكَ شَٰهِدًا وَمُبَشِّرًا وَنَذِيرًا
25:57; 33:46; 35:25.
25:57; 33:46; 35:25.
25:57; 33:46; 35:25.
Commentary:
The verse refers to three attributes of the Holy Prophet. He was شاھد i.e. his whole life constituted a standing testimony to the existence of the Almighty God Who gave him success against very heavy odds. He was مبشر because he gave believers the glad tidings of bliss and benediction in this life as well as in the life to come, and he was نذیر (Warner) for those who rejected his Message.
a
25:57; 33:46; 35:25.
b
25:57; 33:46; 35:25.
3822A
Commentary:
The verse refers to three attributes of the Holy Prophet. He was شاھد i.e. his whole life constituted a standing testimony to the existence of the Almighty God Who gave him success against very heavy odds. He was مبشر because he gave believers the glad tidings of bliss and benediction in this life as well as in the life to come, and he was نذیر (Warner) for those who rejected his Message.
a
25:57; 33:46; 35:25.
لِّتُؤْمِنُوا۟ بِٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦ وَتُعَزِّرُوهُ وَتُوَقِّرُوهُ وَتُسَبِّحُوهُ بُكْرَةً وَأَصِيلًا
5:13.
عربی کا ایک قاعدہ انتشارِ ضمائر کا بھی ہے جس کے معنے یہ ہوتے ہیں کہ ایک ہی فقرہ میں کئی پہلے گذرے ہوئے وجودوں کی طرف ایک ضمیر پھیری جاتی ہے اور اس ضمیر کے معنے کرتے وقت کبھی وہ ایک وجود کی طرف پھرتی ہے اور کبھی دوسرے کی طرف۔ چنانچہ اس آیت میں تُعَزِّرُوْہُ میں ہٗ کی ضمیر رسول کی طرف پھرتی ہے اور تُوَقِّرُوْہُ میں ہٗ کی ضمیر خداتعالیٰ اور رسول دونوں کی طرف پھرتی ہے اور تُسَبِّحُوْہُ میں خداتعالیٰ کی طرف پھرتی ہے گویا ضمیر تو ایک ہی ہے لیکن اس کے مرجع مختلف ہیں کبھی خداتعالیٰ ہے اور کبھی رسول۔
5:13.
5:13.
b
5:13.
3
عربی کا ایک قاعدہ انتشارِ ضمائر کا بھی ہے جس کے معنے یہ ہوتے ہیں کہ ایک ہی فقرہ میں کئی پہلے گذرے ہوئے وجودوں کی طرف ایک ضمیر پھیری جاتی ہے اور اس ضمیر کے معنے کرتے وقت کبھی وہ ایک وجود کی طرف پھرتی ہے اور کبھی دوسرے کی طرف۔ چنانچہ اس آیت میں تُعَزِّرُوْہُ میں ہٗ کی ضمیر رسول کی طرف پھرتی ہے اور تُوَقِّرُوْہُ میں ہٗ کی ضمیر خداتعالیٰ اور رسول دونوں کی طرف پھرتی ہے اور تُسَبِّحُوْہُ میں خداتعالیٰ کی طرف پھرتی ہے گویا ضمیر تو ایک ہی ہے لیکن اس کے مرجع مختلف ہیں کبھی خداتعالیٰ ہے اور کبھی رسول۔
c
5:13.
b
5:13.
إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ يُبَايِعُونَكَ إِنَّمَا يُبَايِعُونَ ٱللَّهَ يَدُ ٱللَّهِ فَوْقَ أَيْدِيهِمْ ۚ فَمَن نَّكَثَ فَإِنَّمَا يَنكُثُ عَلَىٰ نَفْسِهِۦ ۖ وَمَنْ أَوْفَىٰ بِمَا عَٰهَدَ عَلَيْهُ ٱللَّهَ فَسَيُؤْتِيهِ أَجْرًا عَظِيمًا
这里指的是, 在赫戴比亚的一棵树下穆圣亲率信者们所立的誓言。
The reference is to the oath taken by the believers at the hand of the Holy Prophet under a tree at Hudaibiyah (Bukhari).
Commentary:
The reference in the verse is to the oath taken by the believers at the hands of the Holy Prophet under a tree at Hudaibiyyah when a rumour reached him that ‘Uthman, his special envoy, had been killed by the Meccans. The believers were asked to declare on solemn oath that they would stand by the Holy Prophet at all costs and would fight under his banner to the bitter end.
1265
这里指的是, 在赫戴比亚的一棵树下穆圣亲率信者们所立的誓言。
3823
Commentary:
The reference in the verse is to the oath taken by the believers at the hands of the Holy Prophet under a tree at Hudaibiyyah when a rumour reached him that ‘Uthman, his special envoy, had been killed by the Meccans. The believers were asked to declare on solemn oath that they would stand by the Holy Prophet at all costs and would fight under his banner to the bitter end.
2769
The reference is to the oath taken by the believers at the hand of the Holy Prophet under a tree at Hudaibiyah (Bukhari).