Stem قَتْلُ - Quranic Morphology

English - Hazrat Molavi Sher Ali ^ra

Then, after the sorrow, He sent down peace on you — a slumber that overcame a party of you — while the other party was anxious concerning their own selves, thinking wrongly of Allah like unto the thought of ignorance. They said, ‘Is there for us any part in the government of affairs?’ Say, ‘All government belongs to Allah.’ They hide in their minds what they disclose not to thee. They say, ‘If we had any part in the government of affairs, we should not have been killed here.’ Say, ‘If you had remained in your homes, surely those on whom fighting had been enjoined would have gone forth to their deathbeds,’ that Allah might bring about His decree and that Allah might test what was in your breasts and that He might purge what was in your hearts. And Allah knows well what is in the minds;

اردو ترجمہ مرزا طاہر احمد خلیفة المسیح الرابعؒ

پھر اُس نے تم پر غم کے بعد تسکین بخشنے کی خاطر اونگھ اُتاری جو تم میں سے ایک گروہ کو ڈھانپ رہی تھی۔ جبکہ ایک وہ گروہ تھا کہ جنہیں ان کی جانوں نے فکر مند کر رکھا تھا وہ اللہ کے بارہ میں جاہلیت کے گمانوں کی طرح ناحق گمان کر رہے تھے۔ وہ کہہ رہے تھے کیا اَہم فیصلوں میں ہمارا بھی کوئی عمل دخل ہے؟ تُو کہہ دے کہ یقیناً فیصلے کا اختیار کلیتہً اللہ ہی کو ہے۔ وہ اپنے دلوں میں وہ باتیں چھپاتے ہیں جو تجھ پر ظاہر نہیں کرتے۔ وہ کہتے ہیں اگر ہمیں ذرا بھی فیصلے کا اختیار ہوتا تو ہم کبھی یہاں (اس طرح) قتل نہ کئے جاتے۔ کہہ دے اگر تم اپنے گھروں میں بھی ہوتے تو تم میں سے وہ جن کا قتل ہونا مقدر ہو چکا ہوتا، ضرور اپنے (پچھاڑ کھا کر) گرنے کی جگہوں کی طرف نکل کھڑے ہوتے۔ اور (یہ اس لئے ہے) تاکہ اللہ اسے کھنگالے جو تمہارے سینوں میں (پوشیدہ) ہے۔ اور تا کہ اسے خوب نتھار دے جو تمہارے دلوں میں ہے۔ اور اللہ سینوں کی باتوں کو خوب جانتا ہے۔

French

Puis après l’affliction, Il a fait descendre sur vous la paix – un sommeil qui a gagné une partie d’entre vous, tandis qu’une autre partie était inquiète pour elle-même, entretenant de fausses pensées sur Allāh, les pensées de l’ignorance. Ils disaient : « Avons-nous une part dans les décisions ? » Dis-leur : « Toutes les décisions appartiennent à Allāh. » Ils dissimulent dans leur esprit ce qu’ils ne te dévoilent pas. Ils disent : « Si nous avions eu quelque part à la direction des affaires, nous n’aurions pas été tués ici. » Dis : « Même si vous étiez restés chez vous, ceux à qui le combat était commandé seraient sortis pour se rendre à l’endroit où ils tomberaient en martyrs et ceci pour que Allāh éprouve ce que vous aviez à l’esprit, et qu’Il purifie ce que vous aviez dans le cœur. Et Allāh sait très bien ce qui est dans les poitrines.

German

Dann, nach dem Kummer, sandte Er Frieden zu euch hernieder – einen Schlummer, der einen Teil von euch überkam, während der andere besorgt war um sich selber, denn sie dachten fälschlich von Allah, Gedanken der Unwissenheit. Sie sagten: "Ist für uns irgendein Anteil an der Ordnung (der Dinge)?" Sprich: "Alle Ordnung ist Allahs Angelegenheit." Sie verbergen in ihrem Sinn, was sie dir nicht offenbaren. Sie sagen: "Hätten wir irgendeinen Anteil an der Ordnung (der Dinge), wir würden hier nicht getötet." Sprich: "Wäret ihr auch in euren Häusern geblieben, sicherlich wären jene, denen zu kämpfen anbefohlen worden, ausgezogen zu ihren Totenbetten"; (damit Allah Seinen Ratschluss durchführe) und damit Allah prüfe, was in eurem Inneren ist, und läutere, was in euren Herzen ist. Und Allah kennt das Innerste der Seelen.

Chinese

然后[d]他在那个悲哀以后, 降赐了你们安宁--------睡眠。你们之中一群人得享安眠, 另一群人则为自身而心焦 (失眠), 他们像愚昧时代 (的人) 一样, 对安拉妄加揣测。他们说: “在这件事务上我们有没有 (发言之) 份? 你 (对他们) 说: “实际上一切事务都归安拉决定。” 他们 (伪信者) 在自己的心中隐藏不向你们显露的东西。他们说: [a]“如果我们在这件事务上有 (发言之) 份, 我们就不致在这里阵亡。” 你 (对他们) 说: “即使你们留坐家中, 那命定参战[285]的人也势必出去而达到他们长眠的地方,”[286] (以便安拉完成他的命令,) 试验你们胸中所有的东西, 涤除你们心中所有的 (罪恶)。安拉对于你们胸中的一切都是全知的。

Italian

E poi, dopo il dolore, Egli inviò su di voi la pace - un sopore che sopraffece alcuni di voi - mentre gli altri erano ansiosi solo per sé stessi e pensavano male di Allah, come si fa nel pensiero dell'ignoranza. Essi dicevano: «Abbiamo noi una parte nel governo delle cose?» Di': «Il governo di ogni cosa appartiene ad Allah.» Essi nascondono nell'animo ciò che non svelano a te. Essi dicono: «Se avessimo una parte nel governo delle cose, non saremmo rimasti uccisi qui.» Di': «Quand'anche voi foste rimasti nelle vostre case, sicuramente coloro cui era stato imposto di combattere, sarebbero andati incontro alla morte nei loro giacigli», affinché Allah potesse compiere il Suo decreto e potesse mettere alla prova ciò che era nascosto nei vostri petti e potesse purificare ciò che era nei vostri cuori. E Allah conosce bene cosa celano i petti.

Spanish

Después, tras la aflicción, Él hizo descender la paz sobre vosotros –un sopor que envolvió a una parte de vosotros- mientras que los de la otra parte se sentían inquietos respecto a sí mismos, pensando equivocadamente de Al-lah con pensamientos propios de los gnorantes. Dijeron: “¿Tenemos algo que decir en este asunto?”. Diles: “Todas las decisiones corresponden a Al-lah”. Ellos ocultan en sus mentes lo que no te revelan. Dicen: “Si hubiésemos tenido parte alguna en la dirección del asunto no nos habrían matado aquí”. Diles: “Aún cuando hubieseis permanecido en vuestros hogares, en verdad que aquellos a quienes se hubo ordenado luchar se abrían dirigido a sus lechos de muerte, para que Al-lah llevara a efecto Su decreto y probara lo que había en vuestros pechos, y purificara lo que había en vuestros corazones. Pues Al-lah sabe perfectamente lo que hay en las mentes;

اردو تفسیرِ صغیر

پھر اس نے اس غم کے بعد تم پر جمعیت خاطر (کی حالت) یعنی نیند نازل کی جو تم میں ایک گروہ پر طاری ہو رہی تھی اور ایک گروہ ایسا تھا کہ انہیں ان کی جانوں نے فکر مند[3] کر رکھا تھا۔ وہ اللہ کی نسبت جاہلیت کے گمانوں کی طرح جھوٹے گمان کر رہے تھے وہ کہہ رہے تھے کہ کیا حکومت میں ہمارا بھی کچھ (دخل) ہے تو کہہ دے (کہ) حکومت ساری کی ساری اللہ ہی کی ہے وہ (منافق) اپنے دلوں میں وہ کچھ چھپاتے ہیں جسے وہ تجھ پر ظاہر نہیں کرتے۔ وہ کہتے ہیں کہ اگر ہمارا (بھی) حکومت میں کچھ دخل ہوتا تو ہم یہاں مارے نہ جاتے۔ تو کہہ دے (کہ) اگر تم اپنے گھروں میں (بھی) رہتے تو بھی جن لوگوں پر لڑائی فرض کی گئی ہے وہ اپنے (قتل ہو کر) لیٹنے کی جگہوں کی طرف ضرور نکل کھڑے ہوتے (تا کہ اللہ اپنے حکم کو پورا کرے) اور تا کہ جو تمہارے سینوں میں ہے اللہ اس کا امتحان کرے اور جو کچھ تمہارے دلوں میں ہے اسے (پاک و) صاف کرے اور اللہ سینوں کی باتوں کو (بھی) خوب جانتا ہے۔

English - Short Commentary Translation

Then after the sorrow, [b]He sent down peace on you—a slumber[506] that overcame a party of you— while the other party[506A] was anxious concerning their ownselves. They entertained about Allah wrong thoughts like unto the thoughts of ignorance. They said, ‘Have we any part in the affair?’ Say, verily, the affair wholly belongs to Allah.’ They hide in their minds what they disclose not to thee. They say, [a]‘If we had any part in the determination of affairs, we should not have been killed here.’ Say, ‘If you had remained in your homes, surely those on whom fighting[506B] had been enjoined would have gone forth to their death-beds[506C] that Allah might fulfil His decree and that He might test what was in your breasts and that He might purge what was in your hearts. And Allah knows well what is in the breasts;

English - Five Volume Translation

Then, after the sorrow, [a]He sent down peace on you—a slumber that overcame a party of you, while the other party was anxious concerning their own selves, thinking wrongly of Allah like unto the thought of ignorance. They said, ‘Is there for us any part in the government of affairs?’ Say, ‘All government belongs to Allah.’ They hide in their minds what they disclose not to thee. They say, [b]‘If we had any part in the government of affairs, we should not have been killed here.’ Say, ‘If you had remained in your homes, surely those on whom fighting had been enjoined would have gone forth to their deathbeds,’ that Allah might bring about His decree and that Allah might test what was in your breasts and that He might purge what was in your hearts. And Allah knows well what is in the minds;[437]

8:12.

3:169.

Important Words:

امر (government) means: (1) order or command; (2) matter or affair; (3) state or condition; (4) authority, government or management. اولوا الامر means, those who hold command or exercise authority (Aqrab).

قتل (fighting) being noun-infinitive means both to kill and to be killed. Another reading of the word قتل here is قتال(Muhit iii. 90 & Kashshaf) which shows that the word قتل (qatl) has been used here in the sense of fighting and not killing. The word has been used elsewhere also in the Quran in the sense of fighting (see 2:192). See also Jarir under 3:155.

Commentary:

The words, a slumber that overcame a party of you, refer to an incident connected with the Battle of Uhud. AbuTalhah says, "I lifted my head on the day of Uhud and began to look about, and there was none among us on that day but was bending down his head with slumber." This incident has been narrated by Tirmidhi, Nasa’i and others (see Kathir, ii. 303). As sleep or slumber is a symbol of a peaceful condition, being a sign of hearts that are calm and at rest, the Quran refers to this incident as a sort of favour. The incident evidently occurred when the battle was practically over and the Muslims had returned to the neighbouring height.

The reference in the words, the other party, is to the hypocrites who were at Medina and who had not taken part in the battle. When they heard of the reverse which overtook the Muslims and of the reported death of the Holy Prophet, they, in spite of rejoicing at the misfortune that had befallen the Muslims, became anxious about their own lives and feared what would happen to them in case the Meccans should attack Medina. The words cannot apply to the party of Muslims that took part in the battle, of whom the Quran says, He has surely pardoned you and Allah is gracious to the believers (3:153 above).

The words, Is there for us any part in the government of affairs? uttered by the hypocrites mean, "nobody listens to our opinion in matters of administration; we had advised the Muslims not to go out of Medina to fight, but our advice was ignored, with the result that they were defeated." The sentence might also mean, "now, (i.e. after this reverse) real government and power have gone into the hands of the idolaters and nothing has been left for us."

The words, All government belongs to Allah, signify that the decision in all matters rests with God; or that whatever might happen in the intervening period, God has ordained that eventually power and government shall be vouchsafed to Muslims, who will have dominion in the land.

The words, we should not have been killed here, mean, "If we had any voice in the management of affairs and if our advice had been accepted, our brethren would not have been killed in the battle," it being insinuated that while they were wise, the Muslims were simply foolish. The words may also be understood to mean, "if we were to have any government (as the Prophet had promised), we should not have been defeated in the battle." By saying so, the hypocrites hinted that the prophecies of the Holy Prophet regarding the triumph of Islam had turned out to be false.

It may be noted here that by saying, we should not have been killed here, the hypocrites did not evidently mean that they themselves would not have been killed. What they meant was that their brethren or comrades who were killed would not have been killed. This shows that by the slaying of one’s self is sometimes meant the slaying of one’s brethren or companions. This explains the words اقتلوا انفسکم in 2:55, and تقتلون انفسکم in 2:86. See also note on 2:55.

The Divine Words, If you had remained in your homes, refer to the hypocrites; and by the words, those on whom fighting had been enjoined, are meant the true believers. The injunction referred to is contained in 2:191.

In the clause, would have gone forth to their deathbeds, the word مضاجع (deathbeds) has been used in order to point to the abject cowardice of the hypocrites on the one hand, and the steadfast devotion of the true believers on the other. It reminds the hypocrites that whereas they returned to Medina, thinking that fighting in the existing circumstances was sure death, such was the faith of the true believers that even if the hypocrites had kept back from the very beginning they would have cheerfully gone forth to the battlefield, or the place of death, as it was commonly thought to be. All this happened that God might purify and ennoble the Faithful.

اردو ترجمہ مودودی

اس غم کے بعد پھر اللہ نے تم میں سے کچھ لوگوں پر ایسی اطمینان کی سی حالت طاری کر دی کہ وہ اونگھنے لگے مگر ایک دوسرا گروہ، جس کے لیے ساری اہمیت بس اپنے مفاد ہی کی تھی، اللہ کے متعلق طرح طرح کے جاہلانہ گمان کرنے لگا جو سراسر خلاف حق تھے یہ لوگ اب کہتے ہیں کہ، "اس کام کے چلانے میں ہمارا بھی کوئی حصہ ہے؟" ان سے کہو "(کسی کا کوئی حصہ نہیں) اِس کام کے سارے اختیارات اللہ کے ہاتھ میں ہیں" دراصل یہ لوگ اپنے دلوں میں جو بات چھپائے ہوئے ہیں اُسے تم پر ظاہر نہیں کرتے ان کا اصل مطلب یہ ہے کہ، "اگر (قیادت کے) اختیارات میں ہمارا کچھ حصہ ہوتا تو یہاں ہم نہ مارے جاتے" ان سے کہہ دو کہ، "اگر تم اپنے گھروں میں بھی ہوتے تو جن لوگوں کی موت لکھی ہوئی تھی وہ خود اپنی قتل گاہوں کی طرف نکل آتے" اور یہ معاملہ جو پیش آیا، یہ تو اس لیے تھا کہ جو کچھ تمہارے سینوں میں پوشیدہ ہے اللہ اُسے آزما لے اور جو کھوٹ تمہارے دلوں میں ہے اُسے چھانٹ دے، اللہ دلوں کا حال خوب جانتا ہے

English - Sahih

Then after distress, He sent down upon you security [in the form of] drowsiness, overcoming a faction of you, while another faction worried about themselves, thinking of Allah other than the truth - the thought of ignorance, saying, "Is there anything for us [to have done] in this matter?" Say, "Indeed, the matter belongs completely to Allah." They conceal within themselves what they will not reveal to you. They say, "If there was anything we could have done in the matter, some of us would not have been killed right here." Say, "Even if you had been inside your houses, those decreed to be killed would have come out to their death beds." [It was] so that Allah might test what is in your breasts and purify what is in your hearts. And Allah is Knowing of that within the breasts.

اردو ترجمہ احمد علی

پھر الله نے اس غم کے بعد تم پر چین یعنی اونگھ بھیجی اس نے بعضوں کو تم میں سے ڈھانک لیا اور بعضوں کو اپنی جان کا فکر لڑ رہا تھا الله پر جھوٹے خیال جاہلوں جیسے کر رہے تھے کہتے تھے ہمارے ہاتھ میں کچھ کام ہے کہہ دو کہ سب کام الله کے ہاتھ میں ہے وہ اپنے دل میں چھپاتے ہیں جو تیرے سامنے ظاہر نہیں کرتے کہتے ہیں اگر ہمارے ہاتھ میں کچھ کام ہوتا تو ہم اس جگہ مارے نہ جاتے کہہ دو اگر تم اپنے گھروں میں ہوتے البتہ اپنے گرنے کی جگہ پرباہر نکل آتے وہ لوگ جن پر قتل ہونا لکھا جا چکا تھا اور تاکہ الله آزمائے جو تمہارے سینوں میں ہے اور تاکہ اس چیز کو صاف کردے جو تمہارے دلوں میں ہے اور الله دلوں کے بھید جاننے والا ہے

English - Talal Itani

Then He sent down upon you from after the distress security - slumber overcoming a group of you, while a group certainly worried [them] (about) themselves thinking about Allah other than the truth - (the) thought (of) [the] ignorance. saying, "Is (there) for us from the matter any thing?" Say, "Indeed the matter all (of) it (is) for Allah." They hide in themselves what not they reveal to you, They say, "If was for us from the matter anything not we would have been killed here." Say, "If you were in your houses, surely (would have) come out those who - was decreed upon them [the] death towards their places of death. And that might test Allah what (is) in your breasts and that He may purge what (is) in your hearts. And Allah (is) All-Aware of what (is in) the breasts.

Chinese Commentary ^*

Cross Refs:

a

3:169.

d

8:12.

285

قَتْل (Qatl) 在此用作قِتَال (Qital) 的意思, 即 “打仗” (Muhit和Kashshaf参见2:192 和Jarir 3:155。

286

使用 “长眠的地方” 这个词, 一方面要说明伪信者可鄙的懦弱, 另一方面要说明信者的坚定献身。它提醒伪信者, 当他们逃离后回到麦地那, 想着在这种情况下参战肯定要死亡的时候, 信者的坚定信仰却是这样的: 即使伪信者一开始就不向前行进, 信者却会愉快地走向战场--------正如所认为的那样--------死亡之地。这一切发生的事情都会使安拉涤除信者心中所有的罪恶。

اردہ تفصیرِ صغیر نوٹس ^*

3

یعنی انہیں اپنی جانوں کی فکر پڑی ہوئی تھی۔ دین اسلام کی عزت کا خیال نہ تھا۔

English - Arberry

Then He sent down upon you, after grief, security -- a slumber overcoming a party of you; and a party themselves had grieved, thinking of God thoughts that were not true such as the pagans thought, saying, 'Have we any part whatever in the affair?' Say: 'The affair belongs to God entirely.' They were concealing in their hearts that they show not to thee, saying, 'Ah, if we had had a part in the affair, never would we have been slain here.' Say: 'Even if you had been in your houses, those for whom slaying was appointed would have sallied forth unto their last couches'; and that God might try what was in your breasts, and that He might prove what was in your hearts; and God knows the thoughts in the breasts.

English - Maududi

Then, after inflicting this grief, He sent down an inner peace upon you – a sleep which overtook some of you. Those who were concerned merely about themselves, entertaining false notions about Allah – the notions of the Age of Ignorance - asked: 'Have we any say in the matter?' Tell them: 'Truly, all power of decision rests solely with Allah.' Indeed, they conceal in their hearts what they would not reveal to you, saying: 'If we had any power of decision, we would not have been slain here.' Say: 'Even if you had been in your houses, those for whom slaying had been appointed would have gone forth to the places where they were to be slain.' And all this happened so that Allah might test your secret thoughts and purge your hearts of all impurities. Allah knows well what is in the breasts of men.

English - Ahmed Ali

Then after affliction He Sent you a drowsiness as comes after security, overwhelming some among you, and making some anxious for themselves, and made them think thoughts of pagan ignorance; and they said: "Have we a say in any affair?" Say: "All affairs rest with God." They hide in their hearts what they do not disclose to you. They say: "If we had a say in the affair we would not have been killed in this place." Tell them: "Even had you stayed at home, those of you who were ordained to fight would have gone to their place of (eternal) rest. God had to try them to bring out what they concealed in their breasts, and to bring out the secrets of their hearts, for God knows your innermost thoughts.

English - Yusuf Ali

After (the excitement) of the distress, He sent down calm on a band of you overcome with slumber, while another band was stirred to anxiety by their own feelings, Moved by wrong suspicions of Allah-suspicions due to ignorance. They said: "What affair is this of ours?" Say thou: "Indeed, this affair is wholly Allah's." They hide in their minds what they dare not reveal to thee. They say (to themselves): "If we had had anything to do with this affair, We should not have been in the slaughter here." Say: "Even if you had remained in your homes, those for whom death was decreed would certainly have gone forth to the place of their death"; but (all this was) that Allah might test what is in your breasts and purge what is in your hearts. For Allah knoweth well the secrets of your hearts.

English - Five Volume Commentary ^*

Cross Refs:

a

8:12.

b

3:169.

437