Topic: Cross (Salib)
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إِنَّمَا جَزَٰٓؤُا۟ ٱلَّذِينَ يُحَارِبُونَ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥ وَيَسْعَوْنَ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ فَسَادًا أَن يُقَتَّلُوٓا۟ أَوْ يُصَلَّبُوٓا۟ أَوْ تُقَطَّعَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَأَرْجُلُهُم مِّنْ خِلَٰفٍ أَوْ يُنفَوْا۟ مِنَ ٱلْأَرْضِ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ لَهُمْ خِزْىٌ فِى ٱلدُّنْيَا ۖ وَلَهُمْ فِى ٱلْءَاخِرَةِ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ
9:107.
伊斯兰教在国家或整个社会的利益非常需要根除一种危险的祸害时不会犹豫采取极端措施。它绝不怂恿多情的、空想家般的、虚无的伤感情调, 而是根据理智的支配和正确的判断对犯法行为作出惩罚的规定。这里的规定有四种, 对特殊案件的处罚形式, 须视当时的情况而定。判处刑罚是由政府而不是由任何个人来考虑决定。按照阿布·哈尼法教长的意见, “驱逐他们出境” 这些字的意思是监禁 (处徒刑)。
یہ تمام کام بتا رہے ہیں کہ یہ کام حکومت کے سپرد ہے۔ نہ کہ رعایا میں سے جس کا دل چاہے دوسرے پر فتویٰ لگا کر ایسی سزا دینے لگ جائے۔
9:107.
Islam does not hesitate to take extreme measures when the interests of the State or society at large so demand to uproot a dangerous evil. It refuses to pander to the false sentiments of emotional visionaries but follows the dictates of reason and sound judgment while prescribing punishment for public offences. The punishment prescribed here is of four categories, the form of the punishment to be inflicted in a particular case would depend upon the attending circumstances. Awarding or imposition of punishment is the concern of Government and not that of any individual. The words "expelled from the land" according to Imam Abu Hanifah signify imprisonment.
9:107.
Commentary:
The verse has two applications. Figuratively it applies to the People of the Book who, by rejecting the Prophet from among their brethren (see the preceding verse), were, as it were, waging war against God. The punishment which the verse prescribes for them finds a fitting illustration in their history. Taken in its apparent sense, the verse lays down the different forms of punishment that may be meted out to those who wage war against innocent Muslims, killing and slaying them and creating disorder in the land.
The object underlying the injunction embodied in the words, their hands and their feet be cut off on alternate sides, is, on the one hand, to disable the culprit from carrying on a war of aggression, and on the other, to leave him fit enough to earn his living by doing some work. The cutting off of the hand and the foot on the same side would leave the victim utterly helpless. The verse also shows that Islam does not hesitate to take extreme measures to uproot an evil when the interests of society or the State demand it. Islam is not a religion of false sentiments but of sound judgement and true reason. See also the next verse.
a
9:107.
374
伊斯兰教在国家或整个社会的利益非常需要根除一种危险的祸害时不会犹豫采取极端措施。它绝不怂恿多情的、空想家般的、虚无的伤感情调, 而是根据理智的支配和正确的判断对犯法行为作出惩罚的规定。这里的规定有四种, 对特殊案件的处罚形式, 须视当时的情况而定。判处刑罚是由政府而不是由任何个人来考虑决定。按照阿布·哈尼法教长的意见, “驱逐他们出境” 这些字的意思是监禁 (处徒刑)。
5
یہ تمام کام بتا رہے ہیں کہ یہ کام حکومت کے سپرد ہے۔ نہ کہ رعایا میں سے جس کا دل چاہے دوسرے پر فتویٰ لگا کر ایسی سزا دینے لگ جائے۔
a
9:107.
669
Commentary:
The verse has two applications. Figuratively it applies to the People of the Book who, by rejecting the Prophet from among their brethren (see the preceding verse), were, as it were, waging war against God. The punishment which the verse prescribes for them finds a fitting illustration in their history. Taken in its apparent sense, the verse lays down the different forms of punishment that may be meted out to those who wage war against innocent Muslims, killing and slaying them and creating disorder in the land.
The object underlying the injunction embodied in the words, their hands and their feet be cut off on alternate sides, is, on the one hand, to disable the culprit from carrying on a war of aggression, and on the other, to leave him fit enough to earn his living by doing some work. The cutting off of the hand and the foot on the same side would leave the victim utterly helpless. The verse also shows that Islam does not hesitate to take extreme measures to uproot an evil when the interests of society or the State demand it. Islam is not a religion of false sentiments but of sound judgement and true reason. See also the next verse.
b
9:107.
741
Islam does not hesitate to take extreme measures when the interests of the State or society at large so demand to uproot a dangerous evil. It refuses to pander to the false sentiments of emotional visionaries but follows the dictates of reason and sound judgment while prescribing punishment for public offences. The punishment prescribed here is of four categories, the form of the punishment to be inflicted in a particular case would depend upon the attending circumstances. Awarding or imposition of punishment is the concern of Government and not that of any individual. The words "expelled from the land" according to Imam Abu Hanifah signify imprisonment.
لَأُقَطِّعَنَّ أَيْدِيَكُمْ وَأَرْجُلَكُم مِّنْ خِلَٰفٍ ثُمَّ لَأُصَلِّبَنَّكُمْ أَجْمَعِينَ
20:72; 26:50.
مفسرین مِنْ خِلَافٍ کے معنے یہ کرتے ہیں کہ دایاں اور بایاں ہاتھ یا بالمقابل کے پاؤں کاٹ دوں گا اس کے معنے خلاف ورزی کی وجہ کے بھی ہیں۔ اور وہی معنے ہم نے کیے ہیں۔
20:72; 26:50.
Although crucifixion meant painful death, the punishment of cutting off the hands and feet was added to make the infliction all the more exemplary and death all the more painful. Incidentally, the verse shows that even as early as in the time of Moses the punishment of death by crucifixion was in vogue.
20:72; 26:50.
Commentary:
Although crucifixion meant painful death, the punishment of cutting off the hands and feet was added to make the infliction all the more exemplary and death all the more painful. Incidentally, the verse shows that even as early as the time of Moses the punishment of death by crucifixion was in vogue.
f
20:72; 26:50.
2
مفسرین مِنْ خِلَافٍ کے معنے یہ کرتے ہیں کہ دایاں اور بایاں ہاتھ یا بالمقابل کے پاؤں کاٹ دوں گا اس کے معنے خلاف ورزی کی وجہ کے بھی ہیں۔ اور وہی معنے ہم نے کیے ہیں۔
a
20:72; 26:50.
1014
Commentary:
Although crucifixion meant painful death, the punishment of cutting off the hands and feet was added to make the infliction all the more exemplary and death all the more painful. Incidentally, the verse shows that even as early as the time of Moses the punishment of death by crucifixion was in vogue.
b
20:72; 26:50.
1033
Although crucifixion meant painful death, the punishment of cutting off the hands and feet was added to make the infliction all the more exemplary and death all the more painful. Incidentally, the verse shows that even as early as in the time of Moses the punishment of death by crucifixion was in vogue.
يَٰصَىٰحِبَىِ ٱلسِّجْنِ أَمَّآ أَحَدُكُمَا فَيَسْقِى رَبَّهُۥ خَمْرًا ۖ وَأَمَّا ٱلْءَاخَرُ فَيُصْلَبُ فَتَأْكُلُ ٱلطَّيْرُ مِن رَّأْسِهِۦ ۚ قُضِىَ ٱلْأَمْرُ ٱلَّذِى فِيهِ تَسْتَفْتِيَانِ
Commentary:
It may be asked why did Joseph, of whom the interpretation of the dreams was sought, say to the two prisoners that the affair about which they had inquired had already been decreed or settled. This was because the interpretation of dreams has much to do with their fulfilment. So long as a dream is not told to others, it may remain in abeyance. But when it is announced and communicated to others and its interpretation is sought, it is very generally fulfilled. This is why the Holy Prophet is reported to have said that an evil dream should not be communicated to others (Bukhari, ch. on Ar-Ru’ya min Allah).
1545
Commentary:
It may be asked why did Joseph, of whom the interpretation of the dreams was sought, say to the two prisoners that the affair about which they had inquired had already been decreed or settled. This was because the interpretation of dreams has much to do with their fulfilment. So long as a dream is not told to others, it may remain in abeyance. But when it is announced and communicated to others and its interpretation is sought, it is very generally fulfilled. This is why the Holy Prophet is reported to have said that an evil dream should not be communicated to others (Bukhari, ch. on Ar-Ru’ya min Allah).
قَالَ ءَامَنتُمْ لَهُۥ قَبْلَ أَنْ ءَاذَنَ لَكُمْ ۖ إِنَّهُۥ لَكَبِيرُكُمُ ٱلَّذِى عَلَّمَكُمُ ٱلسِّحْرَ ۖ فَلَأُقَطِّعَنَّ أَيْدِيَكُمْ وَأَرْجُلَكُم مِّنْ خِلَٰفٍ وَلَأُصَلِّبَنَّكُمْ فِى جُذُوعِ ٱلنَّخْلِ وَلَتَعْلَمُنَّ أَيُّنَآ أَشَدُّ عَذَابًا وَأَبْقَىٰ
7:125; 26:50.
7:12; 26:50.
The particle min also means, on account of, or because of and Khilaf means, opposition (Lane).
7:124; 26:50.
7:125; 26:50.
Important Words:
من (on account of) among other things means, because of, on account of, by reason of; as in مما خطیئآ تھم أغرقوا i.e. because of their sins they were drowned (71:26). It also means on, by, etc. (Aqrab).
خلاف (disobedience) and مخالفة are infinitive nouns from خالف. They say خالفه i.e. he disagreed with him, he disobeyed or defied him. خالف بین الشیئین means, he put the things on contrary sides or in contrary directions. خلاف means, disobedience, defiance; the contrary or opposite of a thing; contrary or alternate sides (Aqrab & Lane). من خلاف would therefore mean, on account of disobedience or on alternate sides. من here is used in the sense of عن, which also signifies cause or reason (تعلیل). The Quranic expression إلا عن موعدة وعدھا إیاہ means, on account of a promise he had made (9:144).
Commentary:
The crucifixion was in itself a terrible form of death yet the punishment of cutting off the hands and the feet was added to make it all the more dreadful. Elsewhere in the Quran the expression آمنتم به has been used in this connection. The difference between the two expressions is that whereas آمنتم به simply means, you have believed in him, the expression آمنتم له means, you have believed in him and have accepted his lead and have followed him.
a
7:124; 26:50.
b
7:125; 26:50.
c
7:124; 26:50.
d
7:125; 26:50.
2291
Important Words:
من (on account of) among other things means, because of, on account of, by reason of; as in مما خطیئآ تھم أغرقوا i.e. because of their sins they were drowned (71:26). It also means on, by, etc. (Aqrab).
خلاف (disobedience) and مخالفة are infinitive nouns from خالف. They say خالفه i.e. he disagreed with him, he disobeyed or defied him. خالف بین الشیئین means, he put the things on contrary sides or in contrary directions. خلاف means, disobedience, defiance; the contrary or opposite of a thing; contrary or alternate sides (Aqrab & Lane). من خلاف would therefore mean, on account of disobedience or on alternate sides. من here is used in the sense of عن, which also signifies cause or reason (تعلیل). The Quranic expression إلا عن موعدة وعدھا إیاہ means, on account of a promise he had made (9:144).
Commentary:
The crucifixion was in itself a terrible form of death yet the punishment of cutting off the hands and the feet was added to make it all the more dreadful. Elsewhere in the Quran the expression آمنتم به has been used in this connection. The difference between the two expressions is that whereas آمنتم به simply means, you have believed in him, the expression آمنتم له means, you have believed in him and have accepted his lead and have followed him.
a
7:125; 26:50.
d
7:12; 26:50.
1835B
The particle min also means, on account of, or because of and Khilaf means, opposition (Lane).
قَالَ ءَامَنتُمْ لَهُۥ قَبْلَ أَنْ ءَاذَنَ لَكُمْ ۖ إِنَّهُۥ لَكَبِيرُكُمُ ٱلَّذِى عَلَّمَكُمُ ٱلسِّحْرَ فَلَسَوْفَ تَعْلَمُونَ ۚ لَأُقَطِّعَنَّ أَيْدِيَكُمْ وَأَرْجُلَكُم مِّنْ خِلَٰفٍ وَلَأُصَلِّبَنَّكُمْ أَجْمَعِينَ
7:124, 125; 20:72.
7:124, 125; 20:72.
‘An means, on account of (Lane).
7:124-125; 20:72.
Commentary:
Death by crucifixion by itself is a very painful death, but the punishment of the cutting of hands and feet has been added to make it more painful.
d
7:124, 125; 20:72.
a
7:124-125; 20:72.
2738
Commentary:
Death by crucifixion by itself is a very painful death, but the punishment of the cutting of hands and feet has been added to make it more painful.
c
7:124, 125; 20:72.
2113A
‘An means, on account of (Lane).