[1]
سَفِهَ , (S, MA, Msb,) aor.
سَفَهَ ; (Msb;) and
سَفُهَ, [aor.
سَفُهَ ;] (S, Msb;) inf. n. سَفَهٌ and سَفَاهَةٌ
(S, MA, Msb, K *) and سَفَاهٌ, (S, MA, K, *) [all
mentioned in the MA as of the former verb, and
so in the TA when that verb is trans., but
properly] the first is of the former verb, and
the second is of the latter verb, (S, Msb,) and
so is the third; (S;) He (a man, S) was, or
became, such as is termed سَفِيه; (S, TA;) [i. e.]
he was, or became, unwise, witless, or destitute of
wisdom or understanding, or [rather] lightwitted.
(MA.) ―
2-b2- The phrase سَفِهَ نَفْسَةُ, [of which an
instance occurs in the Kur ii. 124, and] to which
غَبِنَ رَأْيَهُ and بَطِرَ عَيْضْلَرRَهُ and أَلِمَ بَطْنَهُ and وَفِقَ أَمْرَهُ
and رَضْلَرRِدَ أَمْرَهُ are similar, was originally سَفِهَتْ
نَفْسُ زَيْدٍ [or rather سَفِهَتْ نَفْسُهُ i. e. Himself, or
his mind, was, or became, lightwitted, &c.]; but
when [the dependence of] the verb became transferred [from the نفس] to the man, what followed
the verb was put in the accus. case by being its
objective complement, for the phrase became
identical in meaning with سَفَّهَ ↓ نَفْسَهُ [he made
himself, or his mind, lightwitted, &c.]: so say the
Basrees and Ks; and it is allowable with them to
make this accus. to precede [the verb]; like as it
is allowable to say, غُلَامَهُ ضَرَب زَيْدٌ: (S, TA:)
accord. to the K, the verb thus used has three
forms; (TA;) you say سَفِهَ نَفْسَهُ and رَأْيَهُ, (K,
TA,) and حِلْمَهُ, (TA,) and سَفُهَ, and سَفَهَ, meaning حَمَلَهُ عَلَىالسَّفَهِ [which is virtually the same
as سَفَّهَهُ i. e. he made himself, or his mind, lightwitted, or unwise, &c., and in like manner his
judgment, or opinion, and he made his gravity,
or forbearance, or the like, to become levity, or
hastiness, &c.]: or he attributed سَفَه [i. e. lightwittedness, &c., to himself, or his mind, and to
his judgment, or opinion]: or he destroyed it;
(K, TA;) agreeably with the meaning assigned
to سَفِهَ نَفْسَهُ by AO: (TA:) or this means he
held himself in mean, or light, estimation; (MA,
and Ksh and Bd in ii. 124;) and rendered himself low, base, or contemptible: (Bd ibid.:) but
Lh says that سَفِهَ نَفْسَهُ, with kesr [to the ف],
inf. n. سَفَهٌ and سَفَاهَةٌ and سَفَاهٌ, means حَمَلَهُ عَلَى
السَّفَهِ [or حَمَلَهَا], and is the approved form,
and that some say سَفُهَ, which is rare: and accord.
to J and others, (TA,) when they say سفه نَفْسَهُ, and
رَأْيَهُ, they do not say it otherwise than with kesr
[to the ف], because فَعُلَ is not trans.: (S, TA:)
so that the three forms of the verb mentioned in
the K require consideration: (TA:) accord. to
Fr, when [the dependence of] the verb in the
phrase سَفِهَ نَفْسَهُ became transferred from the
نفس to the possessor thereof, what followed the
verb became an explicative, to indicate that the
سَفَه [or lightwittedness, &c.,] was therein; and by
rule it should be سَفِهَ زَيْدٌ نَفْسًا, for the explicative
should not be otherwise than indeterminate; but
it was left in its state of a prefixed noun, and put
in the accus. case in the manner of an indeterminate noun as being likened thereto; [the meaning, therefore, accord. to him, is he was, or
became, lightwitted, &c., as to his mind;] it is
not allowable, however, in his opinion, to make
this accus. to precede [the verb], because the explicative may not precede; and similar to this is
the phrase ضِقْتُ بِهِ ذَرْعًا, and طِبْتُ بِهِ نَفْسًا, meaning ضَاقَ ذَرْعِىبِهِ and طَابَتْ نَفْسِى بِهِ: (S, TA:)
but this saying [of Fr] is disallowed by the
grammarians; for they say that explicatives are
indeterminate, and that determinate nouns may
not be used as indeterminate: some of the grammarians say that إِلَّامَنْ سَفِهَ نَفْسَهُ in the Kur
[ii. 124] means الّا من سَفِهَ فِىنَفْسِهِ [but he who
is lightwitted, &c., in his mind], i. e., who becomes
سَفِيه; [the prep.] فى being suppressed [and the
noun therefore put in the accus. case agreeably
with a general rule]: Zj holds that the approvable saying is, that it means إِلَّا مَنْ جَهِلَ نَفْسَهُ,
i. e., but he who is [ignorant or silly or foolish or]
unreflecting in his mind: and in like manner,
سَفِهَ رَأْيَهُ means جَهِلَهُ [i. e. he was ignorant, &c.,
in his judgment, or opinion]; and his judgment,
or opinion, was unsound, without rectitude: and
سَفِهَ نَفْسَهُ signifies also he lost himself, or his own
soul. (TA.) سَفِهَ الحَقَّ is likewise expl. as meaning سَفَّهَ ↓ الحَقَّ [He made the truth, or right, to
be foolishness, or the like]; and Yoo held the one
to be a dial. var. of the other, and the measure of
the former verb to denote intensiveness; and
accord. to this explanation one may say, سَفِهْتُ
زَيْدًا meaning سَفَّهْتُ ↓ زَيْدًا [I pronounced Zeyd
lightwitted, &c.]: or the meaning is جَهِلَ الحَقَّ
[he ignored the truth, or right], and he did not
see it to be the truth, or right: (TA:) or he regarded the truth, or right, as foolishness, or ignorance. (S and TA in art. غمط.) See also 2. ―
2-b3-
سَفِهَ عَلَيْهِ signifies جَهِلَ [i. e., when thus trans.
by means of عَلَى, He feigned ignorance to him];
as also سَفُهَ, (K, TA,) and ↓ تسافه. (K.) ―
2-b4- And
سَفِهْتُ نَصِيبِى [and it is implied in the K that
one says سَفَهْتُ نصيبى also, but only the former
is authorized by the TA,] I forgot my share, or
portion. (Th, K, TA.) ―
2-b5- And سَفَهَ صَاحِبَهُ, aor.
سَفُهَ ,
He overcame his companion in what is termed
مُسَافَهَة [inf. n. of 3, q. v.]. (K.) You say, ↓ سَافَهَهُ
فَسَفَهَهُ. (TA.) ―
2-b6- سَفِهَتِ الطَّعْنَةُ, (JK, K, TA,)
inf. n. سَفَهٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) The spear-wound, or the like,
emitted blood which came from it quickly (JK,
K, TA) and dried up (وَجَفَّ [in the TK وِخف]):
(K, TA:) so in the A. (TA.) ―
2-b7- سَفِهَ الضْلَرRَّرَابَ,
(S, K,) inf. n. سَفَهٌ, (TA,) He drank much of
the beverage, or wine, without having his thirst
satisfied thereby. (S, K, TA.) See also 3. And
سَفِهَ المَآءَ (tropical:) He drank the water immoderately.
(TA.) ―
2-b8- And سَفِهْتُ and سَفَهْتُ signify ضْلَرRُغِلْتُ,
(so in the CK,) in [some of] the copies of the K
ضْلَرRَغَلْتُ, but the right reading is ضْلَرRُغِلْتُ [i. e. I was
occupied, or busied, or diverted from a thing]:
or, accord. to the copies of the K, تَضْلَرRَغَّلْتُ; but
correctly, or ضْلَرRَغَلْتُ [i. e. I occupied, or busied, or
diverted from a thing]. (TA.)