[1]
شَهِدَ , (S, A, Mgh, L, Msb, K,) aor.
شَهَدَ ; (K;)
and
شَهُدَ, aor.
شَهُدَ ; (K;) also pronounced and written
شَهْدَ, (Akh, S, K,) and
شِهْدَ, and
شِهِدَ, accord. to
a rule applying to all verbs of the measure
فَعِلَ of
which the medial radical letter is a faucial; (MF;)
inf. n.
شَهَادَةٌ (S, A, Mgh, L, Msb, K) and
شهد;
(TA;) [there written without any syll. sign, and
not found by me in any other Lex.;])
He told, or
gave information of, what he had witnessed, or
seen or
beheld with his eye: (Mgh, L, Msb:) this
is the primary signification: (L:)
he declared
what he knew: he gave testimony, attestation, or
evidence; he bore witness: (L:)
he gave decisive
information. (S, A, L, K.) [See also
شَهَادَةٌ below.] You say,
شَهِدَ بِكَذَا, inf. n. as above, (S,
A, Mgh, L, Msb, K,)
He told, or
gave information of, such a thing, as having witnessed it, or
seen or
beheld it with his eye; (Mgh, Msb;) or
declared such a thing as knowing it; (L;) or
gave his testimony, attestation, or
evidence, respecting it; or
bore witness of it, or
to it; (S, A,
L, K;)
عِنْدَ الحَاكِمِ [
in the presence of the judge];
لِفُلَانٍ [
for, or
in favour of, such a one], (S,
Mgh, L, K,) and
عَلَى فُلَانٍ [
against, or
in opposition to, such a one]. (Mgh.) And
شَهِدَ عَلَى
كَذَا He gave decisive information [
respecting
such a thing (as in the Kur xlvi. 9, and in many
other instances);
he testified respecting it]. (S,
L. [See also another meaning of this phrase in
what follows.]) [Hence,]
شَهِدَ ٱللّٰهُ أَنَّهُ لَا إِلَاهَ إِلَّا هُوَ,
in the Kur [iii. 16], means
God hath given
evidence that there is no deity but He: (Abu-l-
'Abbás, IAmb, Jel:) or
God knoweth &c.; (Ah-
mad Ibn-Yahyà, K;) and so
شَهِدَ ٱللّٰهُ throughout
the Kur-án: (Ahmad Ibn-Yahyà:) or
God saith
&c.: or
God hath written &c. (K.) And
أَشْهَدُ
أَنْ لَا إِلَاهَ إِلَّاٱللّٰهُ I know, (Msb, K,) [or
acknowledge,] and
I declare, [or
testify, that there is no
deity but God:] (K:) [Fei says,] the verb is
trans. in this phrase by itself [i. e. without the
intervention of a prep.] because it is used in the
sense of
أَعْلَمُ. (Msb.) [And hence,
كَلِمَةُ الشَّهَادَةِ
means
The sentence declaring that there is no
deity but God and that Mohammad is God's
apostle.] ―
2-b2-
شَهِدَ بِٱللّٰهِ, (Mgh, * Msb,) aor.
شَهَدَ , inf. n.
شَهَادَةٌ, (Mgh,) means
He swore by God: (Mgh,
Msb:) and
أَشْهَدُ بِكَذَا I swear by such a thing.
(S, K.)
أَشْهَدُ بِٱللّٰهِ لَقَدْ كَانَ كَذَا I swear by God
that such a thing happened, or
took place, combines the meaning of witnessing with that of
swearing and that of informing at the time of
uttering these words; as though the speaker said,
I swear by God that I witnessed such a thing,
and now I inform of it. (Msb.) Accord. to
some, when one says only
أَشْهَدُ, not adding
بِٱللّٰهِ,
it is an oath. (TA.) ―
2-b3-
شَهِدَ عَلَى كَذَا, a phrase
of which one meaning has been expl. above,
means also
He became a witness (
شَاهِد)
of, or
to,
such a thing; (S, K;)
he had knowledge of such
a thing, and witnessed it, or
saw it or
beheld it
with his eye: (Msb:) and
شَهِدَهُ, (Mgh, L,) inf. n.
شَهَادَةٌ, (L,) [likewise] signifies
he witnessed it;
or
saw, or
beheld, it, or
him, with his eye; (Mgh,
L;) and (Mgh, L, Msb) so ↓
شاهدهُ, (A, Mgh, L,
Msb, K,) inf. n.
مُشَاهَدَةٌ. (S, A, L, Msb.) [Hence,]
one says,
شُوهِدَتْ ↓
مِنْهُ حَالٌ جَمِيلَةٌ [
A comely, or
pleasing, state, or
condition, of him was witnessed]. (A.) ―
2-b4- And
شَهِدَهُ, (aor.
شَهَدَ , K,) inf. n.
شُهُودٌ,
He was, or
became, present at it, or
in it;
(S, A, Mgh, L, Msb, * K;) namely, a place,
(Mgh,) or an assembly. (Msb.) Hence the
saying, (Msb,)
فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ ٱلشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ, in the
Kur [ii. 181],
Therefore whosoever of you shall
be present in the month, and stationary, not
journeying, he shall fast therein (Mgh, Msb) as
long as he shall remain present and stationary:
(Msb:)
الشهر being here in the accus. case as an
adv. n. of time. (Mgh, Msb.) [And hence,]
شَهِدَ الجُمْعَةَ He attained to [
the being present at]
the جُمْعَة [here meaning, as in many other instances, the
prayer of Friday]: (Mgh:) and
شَهِدَ العِيدَ he attained to [
the being present at]
the
عِيد [or
festival, or
the prayer thereof]. (Msb.)
[Hence also,] it is said in a trad.,
يَشْهَدُ بَيْعَكُمُ
الحَلِفُ وَاللَّغْوُ [
Swearing, and unprofitable speech,
attend your selling]. (TA in art.
شوب: see 1 in
that art.)