[1]
عَرَفَهُ , (S, O, Msb, K, &c.,) aor.
عَرِفَ , (O, K,)
inf. n. مَعْرِفَةٌ (S, O, K) and عِرْفَانٌ (S, O, Msb, K)
and عِرِفَّانٌ (K) and عِرْفَةٌ, (Msb, K,) or مَعْرِفَةٌ is a
simple subst., (Msb,) He knew it; he had cognition of it; or he was, or became, acquainted with
it; syn. عَلِمَهُ: (K:) or he knew it (عَلِمَهُ) by
means of any of the five senses; (Msb;) [and also,
by mental perception:] Er-Rághib says, المَعْرِفَةُ
is the perceiving a thing by reflection, and by consideration of the effect thereof [upon the mind or
sense], so that it has a more special meaning than
العِلْمُ, and its contr. is الإِنْكَارُ; and one says, فُلَانٌ
يَعْرِفُ ٱللّٰهَ وَرَسُولَهُ [Such a one knows God and his
apostle], but one does not say يَعْلَمُ ٱللّٰهَ, making
the verb [thus] to have a single objective complement, since man's مَعْرِفَة [or knowledge] of God
is [the result of] the consideration of his effects,
without the perception of his essence; and one
says, اَللّٰهُ يَعْلَمُ كَذَا, but not يَعْرِفُ كذا, since
المَعْرِفَةُ is used in relation to عِلْم [or knowledge]
which is defective, to which one attains by reflection: it is from عَرَفْتُهُ meaning I found, or experienced, its عَرْف i. e. odour; or as meaning I
attained its عُرْف i. e. limit: (TA:) it is said in
the B that المَعْرِفَةُ differs from العِلْمُ, in meaning,
in several ways: the former concerns the thing
itself [which is its object;] whereas the latter
concerns the states, or conditions, or qualities,
thereof: also the former generally denotes the
perceiving a thing as a thing that has been absent
from the mind, thus differing from the latter;
therefore the contr. of the former is الإِنْكَارُ, and
the contr. of the latter is الجَهْلُ; and the former
is the knowing a thing itself as distinguished from
other things; whereas the latter concerns a thing
collectively with other things: (TA in art. علم:)
and sometimes they put ↓ اعترف in the place of
عَرَفَ; (S, O;) [i. e.] اعترف الشَّىْءَ signifies عَرَفَهُ:
(Mgh, K:) and so, sometimes, does ↓ استعرفُه.
(Har p. 486.) ―
2-b2- And عَرَفَ is also used in the
place of اعترف [in the first of the senses assigned
to the latter below]. (S, O.) See the latter verb,
in four places. ―
2-b3- عَرَفَهُ also signifies He requited
him. (O, K.) Ks read, (O, K,) and so five
others, (Az, TA,) in the Kur [lxvi. 3], (O,) عَرَفَ
بَعْضَهُ, meaning He requited her, namely, Hafsah,
for part [thereof, i. e.] of what she had done:
(Fr, O, K:) and he did so indeed by divorcing
her: (Fr, TA:) or it means he acknowledged
part thereof: (K:) but others read عَرَّفَ ↓ بَعْضَهُ,
which, likewise, has the former of the two meanings expl. above: (Bd:) or this means he told
Hafsah part thereof. (Fr, O, Bd, * TA. [See
also 2.]) As first expl. above, this phrase is like
the saying to him who does good or who does
evil, أَنَا أَعْرِفُ لأَهْلِ الإِحْسَانِ وَأَعْرِفُ لِأَهْلِ الإِسَآءَةِ,
(O,) or لِلْمُحْسِنِ وَالمُسِىْءِ, (K,) [I know how to
requite the doer of good and the doer of evil,] i. e.
the case of the doer of good and that of the doer
of evil are not hidden from me nor is the suitable
requital of him. (O, K.) لَأَعْرِفَنَّكَهَا عَنْدَ رَسُولِ ٱللّٰهِ
occurs in a trad., meaning I will assuredly requite
thee for it in the presence of the Apostle of God so
that he shall know thy evil-doing: and is used in
threatening. (TA.) ＝
1-A2- عَرَفَ الفَرَسَ, (S, O, K,)
aor.
عَرِفَ , (O,) inf. n. عَرْفٌ, (O, K,) He clipped the
عُرْف [i. e. mane] of the horse. (S, O, K.) ＝
1-A3-
عَرَفْتُ عَلَى القَوْمِ, aor.
عَرُفَ , inf. n. عِرَافَةٌ, I was, or
became, عَرِيف over the people, or party; i. e.,
manager, or orderer, of their affairs; as also
عَرُفْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ: (Msb:) or عَرُفَ, inf. n. عَرَاعَةٌ, signifies he was, or became, an عَرِيف; (S, O, K;)
as also عَرَفَ, aor.
عَرِفَ ; (K;) i. e., a نَقِيب: (S, O:)
and when you mean that he acted as an عَرِيف,
you say, عَرَفَ عَلَيْنَا سِنِينَ, aor.
عَرُفَ , inf. n. عِرَافَةٌ,
[he acted over us as an عريف during some years,]
like كَتَبَ, aor. يَكْتُبُ, inf. n. كِتَابَةٌ. (S, O, K. *) ＝
1-A4- عَرَفَ لِلْأَمْرِ, aor.
عَرِفَ , He was patient in relation
to the affair, or event; (K;) as also ↓ اعترف,
(O, K,) as some say. (O.) And عُرِفَ عِنْدَ المُصِيبَةِ
He was patient on the occasion of the affliction,
or misfortune. (TA.) ―
2-b2- And عَرَفَ He was, or
became, submissive, or tractable; (Ibn-'Abbád,
O, TA;) and so ↓ اعترف, (IAar, O, K,) said of
a man, (IAar, O,) and of a beast that one rides.
(O.) ＝
1-A5- عَرُفَ, inf. n. عَرَافَةٌ, He (a man) was, or
became, pleasant, or sweet, in his odour. (TA.)
And ↓ اعرف, said of food, It was sweet in its
عَرْف, i. e. odour. (TA.) ―
2-b2- عَرِفَ He (a man,
TA) made much use of perfume. (IAar, O, K.)
―
2-b3- And He relinquished, or abstained from, perfume. (IAar, O.) ＝
1-A6- عُرِفَ, (S, O, K,) inf. n.
عَرْفٌ, (K, TA,) accord. to one or more of the
copies of the K عِرْفَانٌ, (TA,) He (a man, S, O)
had a purulent pustule, termed عَرْفَة, come forth
in the whiteness [or palm] of his hand. (S, O, K.)