الحج
Al-Hajj
The Pilgrimage • madinah • 78 Verses
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بِسۡمِ اللّٰہِ الرَّحۡمٰنِ الرَّحِیۡمِ
1:1.
1:1.
a
1:1.
a
See 1:1.
2436
Commentary:
See 1:1.
a
1:1.
یٰۤاَیُّہَا النَّاسُ اتَّقُوۡا رَبَّکُمۡ ۚ اِنَّ زَلۡزَلَۃَ السَّاعَۃِ شَیۡءٌ عَظِیۡمٌ
اَلسَّاعَة (As-Sa‘ah, 审判日) 或 ( اَلْقِيَامَةal-Qiyamah) 表示三种意思: (1)伟大而著名人物的逝世日 (اَلسَّاعَةُ الصُّغْرَى, as-Sa‘atus-Sughra) (2)民族的灾难时刻 (اَلسَّاعَةُ الْوُسْطَى, as-Sa‘atul-Wusta) (3) 赏罚的日子 (اَلسَّاعَةُ الْكُبْرَى, as-Sa‘atul-Kubra)。审判日这一单词在 «古兰经» 中用于后两种意思。根据上下文, 该单词的意思是指震撼一个民族基础的民族灾难。它与阿拉伯人濒临毁灭的厄运特别有关, 当时, 他们政权的所在地麦加即将陷落; 他们的政权以及整个社会体系也将瓦解、崩溃; 它是指全球大战突然袭击人类所造成的可怕灾难以及战争所带来的一切灾难性的变化。这一节经文以及2:213经文对下述论断提供了进一步依据。“审判日” 或 “赏罚日” 在 «古兰经» 中一般是指袭击整个民族的民族大灾难。
یعنی آخری مصیبت جس سے دنیا کے جھگڑے ختم ہو جائیں گے۔
As-Sa‘ah (the Hour), or al-Qiyamah, is used in three senses: (a) Death of a great and famous person (as-Sa‘atus-Sughra); (b) a national calamity (as-Sa‘atul-Wusta): (c) the Day of Judgment (as-Sa‘atul-Kubra). The word has been used in the Qur’an in the last two senses. The context shows that here it has been used in the sense of a national calamity that shakes the very foundations of a people. It may have particular reference to the impending doom of the Arabs when Mecca, the citadel of their political power, was to fall and their political power and their social system were to break and crumble; or it may refer to a terrible calamity that would overtake mankind in the form of a global war and would bring calamitous changes in its wake. The present verse, read along with 2:213, lends further support to the inference that the words "the Hour" or "the Day of Judgment" used in the Qur’an generally signify a great national calamity that overtakes a whole people.</
Important Words:
زلزلة (earthquake) is derived from زلزل. They say زلزل اللّٰه الارض i.e. God shook the earth. زلزله means, he frightened him. زلزل الابل means, he drove the camels harshly. زلزلة means, a shaking of the earth; an earthquake; a calamity; a terrible visitation; زلازل (plural) i.e. calamities, miseries, trials, afflictions (Aqrab). The word also means: a war or the effects of war. The last two World Wars were called زلزلة (an earthquake) because they shook the foundation of human society and brought about new political and social changes and also a revolutionary change in the beliefs, ideas and ideals of men. The word has been used in the Quran in the sense of a calamity (2:215) and also in the sense of war or the effects of war (33:11, 12).
الساعة (Hour) is derived from ساع. They say ساع الشیء i.e. the thing was lost, it degraded. ساعت الابل means, the camels went away grazing without a driver. ساعة means, an hour; a part of time; a while or a little while; a space; a period; an indefinite time; a watch. الساعة means, the present time; now; just now; this moment. It also means, difficulty, distress or affliction; distance; remoteness. الساعة (Hour) or القیامة is used in three senses: (a) death of a great and famous person. It is called القیامة الصغری or الساعةالصغری i.e. the small resurrection; (b) a national calamity or the doom that overtakes a whole people on account of their evil deeds. It is called الساعة الوسطی i.e. the Middle Hour; (c) the Day of Judgement. It is called القیامة الکبری or الساعة الکبری i.e. the Great Hour (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
The word الساعة has been used in the Quran in the last two senses mentioned under "Important Words" above. The context shows that in the verse under comment it has been used in the second sense, i.e. in the sense of a national calamity that shakes the very foundation of a people. It may have particular reference to the impending doom of the Arabs when Mecca, the citadel of their political power, would fall and their political power and whole social system would break and crumble or it may refer to a terrible calamity that would overtake mankind in the form of a global war and would bring calamitous changes in its wake. The present verse read along with 2:213 lends further support to the inference that the words الساعة (the Hour) or یوم القیامة (the Day of Judgement) used in the Quran generally signify a great national calamity that overtakes a people.
852
اَلسَّاعَة (As-Sa‘ah, 审判日) 或 ( اَلْقِيَامَةal-Qiyamah) 表示三种意思: (1)伟大而著名人物的逝世日 (اَلسَّاعَةُ الصُّغْرَى, as-Sa‘atus-Sughra) (2)民族的灾难时刻 (اَلسَّاعَةُ الْوُسْطَى, as-Sa‘atul-Wusta) (3) 赏罚的日子 (اَلسَّاعَةُ الْكُبْرَى, as-Sa‘atul-Kubra)。审判日这一单词在 «古兰经» 中用于后两种意思。根据上下文, 该单词的意思是指震撼一个民族基础的民族灾难。它与阿拉伯人濒临毁灭的厄运特别有关, 当时, 他们政权的所在地麦加即将陷落; 他们的政权以及整个社会体系也将瓦解、崩溃; 它是指全球大战突然袭击人类所造成的可怕灾难以及战争所带来的一切灾难性的变化。这一节经文以及2:213经文对下述论断提供了进一步依据。“审判日” 或 “赏罚日” 在 «古兰经» 中一般是指袭击整个民族的民族大灾难。
1
یعنی آخری مصیبت جس سے دنیا کے جھگڑے ختم ہو جائیں گے۔
2437
Important Words:
زلزلة (earthquake) is derived from زلزل. They say زلزل اللّٰه الارض i.e. God shook the earth. زلزله means, he frightened him. زلزل الابل means, he drove the camels harshly. زلزلة means, a shaking of the earth; an earthquake; a calamity; a terrible visitation; زلازل (plural) i.e. calamities, miseries, trials, afflictions (Aqrab). The word also means: a war or the effects of war. The last two World Wars were called زلزلة (an earthquake) because they shook the foundation of human society and brought about new political and social changes and also a revolutionary change in the beliefs, ideas and ideals of men. The word has been used in the Quran in the sense of a calamity (2:215) and also in the sense of war or the effects of war (33:11, 12).
الساعة (Hour) is derived from ساع. They say ساع الشیء i.e. the thing was lost, it degraded. ساعت الابل means, the camels went away grazing without a driver. ساعة means, an hour; a part of time; a while or a little while; a space; a period; an indefinite time; a watch. الساعة means, the present time; now; just now; this moment. It also means, difficulty, distress or affliction; distance; remoteness. الساعة (Hour) or القیامة is used in three senses: (a) death of a great and famous person. It is called القیامة الصغری or الساعةالصغری i.e. the small resurrection; (b) a national calamity or the doom that overtakes a whole people on account of their evil deeds. It is called الساعة الوسطی i.e. the Middle Hour; (c) the Day of Judgement. It is called القیامة الکبری or الساعة الکبری i.e. the Great Hour (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
The word الساعة has been used in the Quran in the last two senses mentioned under "Important Words" above. The context shows that in the verse under comment it has been used in the second sense, i.e. in the sense of a national calamity that shakes the very foundation of a people. It may have particular reference to the impending doom of the Arabs when Mecca, the citadel of their political power, would fall and their political power and whole social system would break and crumble or it may refer to a terrible calamity that would overtake mankind in the form of a global war and would bring calamitous changes in its wake. The present verse read along with 2:213 lends further support to the inference that the words الساعة (the Hour) or یوم القیامة (the Day of Judgement) used in the Quran generally signify a great national calamity that overtakes a people.
1929
As-Sa‘ah (the Hour), or al-Qiyamah, is used in three senses: (a) Death of a great and famous person (as-Sa‘atus-Sughra); (b) a national calamity (as-Sa‘atul-Wusta): (c) the Day of Judgment (as-Sa‘atul-Kubra). The word has been used in the Qur’an in the last two senses. The context shows that here it has been used in the sense of a national calamity that shakes the very foundations of a people. It may have particular reference to the impending doom of the Arabs when Mecca, the citadel of their political power, was to fall and their political power and their social system were to break and crumble; or it may refer to a terrible calamity that would overtake mankind in the form of a global war and would bring calamitous changes in its wake. The present verse, read along with 2:213, lends further support to the inference that the words "the Hour" or "the Day of Judgment" used in the Qur’an generally signify a great national calamity that overtakes a whole people.</
یَوۡمَ تَرَوۡنَہَا تَذۡہَلُ کُلُّ مُرۡضِعَۃٍ عَمَّاۤ اَرۡضَعَتۡ وَتَضَعُ کُلُّ ذَاتِ حَمۡلٍ حَمۡلَہَا وَتَرَی النَّاسَ سُکٰرٰی وَمَا ہُمۡ بِسُکٰرٰی وَلٰکِنَّ عَذَابَ اللّٰہِ شَدِیۡدٌ
یعنی جب وہ دن ہوگا تو دنیا کا یہ حال ہوگا۔
The verse has used three metaphors or similes to express the extreme severity of the earthquake of the Hour, referred to in the preceding verse. Nothing is dearer to a mother than the baby to which she gives suck, and there could be no terror more dreadful in its effects than the one that makes a woman cast down her burden and which drives men to frenzy, and yet the verse says that the suddenness and severity of the terror inspired by the dreadful event would be such that mothers would abandon the babes at their breasts and pregnant women would cast down their burdens and people would go mad with fright and, like drunken men, would lose all control over their actions.
Important Words:
تذھل (forget) is derived from ذھل. They say ذھل عنه i.e. he forgot it or neglected it; he was or became unmindful of it; he neglected it intentionally or in consequence of his being diverted by something. ذھول is the neglecting of a thing, dismissing it from the mind; or the quitting of a thing with confusion or perplexity or alienation of mind such as arises from fear etc. or being diverted from one’s constant companion so as to forget him (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
The verse has used three metaphors or similes to express the extreme severity of "the earthquake of the Hour," referred to in the preceding verse. Nothing is dearer to a mother than the babe to which she gives suck and there could be no terror more dreadful in its effects than the one that makes a woman cast down her burden and which drives men to frenzy and yet, the verse says, the suddenness and severity of the terror inspired by the dreadful event would be such that mothers would abandon the babes at their breasts and pregnant women would cast down their burdens and people would go mad with fright and like a drunken man would lose all control over their actions. The wording of the verse incidentally implies that the "Hour" referred to in the preceding verse is not the final Day of Judgement but, as stated in the preceding verse, is the destruction of the political power of Meccans in the form of the Fall of Mecca and other calamities that would overtake them, and the victory of Islam.
2
یعنی جب وہ دن ہوگا تو دنیا کا یہ حال ہوگا۔
2438
Important Words:
تذھل (forget) is derived from ذھل. They say ذھل عنه i.e. he forgot it or neglected it; he was or became unmindful of it; he neglected it intentionally or in consequence of his being diverted by something. ذھول is the neglecting of a thing, dismissing it from the mind; or the quitting of a thing with confusion or perplexity or alienation of mind such as arises from fear etc. or being diverted from one’s constant companion so as to forget him (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
The verse has used three metaphors or similes to express the extreme severity of "the earthquake of the Hour," referred to in the preceding verse. Nothing is dearer to a mother than the babe to which she gives suck and there could be no terror more dreadful in its effects than the one that makes a woman cast down her burden and which drives men to frenzy and yet, the verse says, the suddenness and severity of the terror inspired by the dreadful event would be such that mothers would abandon the babes at their breasts and pregnant women would cast down their burdens and people would go mad with fright and like a drunken man would lose all control over their actions. The wording of the verse incidentally implies that the "Hour" referred to in the preceding verse is not the final Day of Judgement but, as stated in the preceding verse, is the destruction of the political power of Meccans in the form of the Fall of Mecca and other calamities that would overtake them, and the victory of Islam.
1930
The verse has used three metaphors or similes to express the extreme severity of the earthquake of the Hour, referred to in the preceding verse. Nothing is dearer to a mother than the baby to which she gives suck, and there could be no terror more dreadful in its effects than the one that makes a woman cast down her burden and which drives men to frenzy, and yet the verse says that the suddenness and severity of the terror inspired by the dreadful event would be such that mothers would abandon the babes at their breasts and pregnant women would cast down their burdens and people would go mad with fright and, like drunken men, would lose all control over their actions.
وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنۡ یُّجٰدِلُ فِی اللّٰہِ بِغَیۡرِ عِلۡمٍ وَّیَتَّبِعُ کُلَّ شَیۡطٰنٍ مَّرِیۡدٍ
13:14; 22:9; 31:21; 40:70.
13:14; 22:9; 31:21; 40:70.
13:14; 22:9; 31:21; 40:70.
Important Words:
مرید (rebellious) is derived from مرد (marada) which means, he exalted himself; he was insolent and audacious in pride and in acts of disobedience; he was excessively proud or disobedient or rebellious; he was refractory; he outstripped others in pride or disobedience. مرد (marida), means it (the tree) became denuded of its leaves. شجر أمرد means, a tree devoid of leaves, المارد or المرید means, one who is destitute of good (Lane & Aqrab). See also 9:101.
Commentary:
The verse shows that true knowledge is a great divine boon and all misguidance is the result of the lack of it. At another place (35:29) the Quran states that the realization of the Diving Being is vouchsafed only to those who are possessed of true knowledge. The present verse is of general application and applies to no particular person. The words فی الله (concerning Allah) mean, concerning the person, power and attribute of God.
It may be noted here that شیطان (Satan) or ابلیس (Iblis) is the being who has been created by God to incite men to do evil deeds as angels have been created to exhort them to do good deeds and thus he is the exact opposite of the angels, and the object of his creation is to try and test the mettle of men. He has his representatives in every time and age. It is this inciter to evil deeds and his representatives who have been mentioned in the Quran in connection with Adam’s story. This inciter to evil deeds will live as long as the world lasts but his representatives in the form of wicked men die and others take their place.
It may also be mentioned here that Satan will not be punished for inciting men to evil deeds as angels will not be rewarded for exhorting them to do good deeds. Punishment is awarded for deeds which are against the laws of nature or of the Shari‘ah but to incite men to bad deeds is ingrained in the very nature of Satan and is a part of his being. So the question of punishment in regard to him does not arise. It is true that according to the Quran, Satan will go to Hell just as the angels will go to Heaven but the fire of Hell will cause him no pain or suffering just as the rewards of heaven will give no joy or happiness to the angels. Having been created of fire (7:13) Satan is immune from the effects of burning. He is no doubt hated and condemned and denounced because he represents evil and sin but he deserves and will receive no punishment for what is a part of his nature and what he has been created to do. His representatives from among men, however, will certainly be punished for their wicked deeds. See also 2:35, 37.
b
13:14; 22:9; 31:21; 40:70.
a
13:14; 22:9; 31:21; 40:70.
2439
Important Words:
مرید (rebellious) is derived from مرد (marada) which means, he exalted himself; he was insolent and audacious in pride and in acts of disobedience; he was excessively proud or disobedient or rebellious; he was refractory; he outstripped others in pride or disobedience. مرد (marida), means it (the tree) became denuded of its leaves. شجر أمرد means, a tree devoid of leaves, المارد or المرید means, one who is destitute of good (Lane & Aqrab). See also 9:101.
Commentary:
The verse shows that true knowledge is a great divine boon and all misguidance is the result of the lack of it. At another place (35:29) the Quran states that the realization of the Diving Being is vouchsafed only to those who are possessed of true knowledge. The present verse is of general application and applies to no particular person. The words فی الله (concerning Allah) mean, concerning the person, power and attribute of God.
It may be noted here that شیطان (Satan) or ابلیس (Iblis) is the being who has been created by God to incite men to do evil deeds as angels have been created to exhort them to do good deeds and thus he is the exact opposite of the angels, and the object of his creation is to try and test the mettle of men. He has his representatives in every time and age. It is this inciter to evil deeds and his representatives who have been mentioned in the Quran in connection with Adam’s story. This inciter to evil deeds will live as long as the world lasts but his representatives in the form of wicked men die and others take their place.
It may also be mentioned here that Satan will not be punished for inciting men to evil deeds as angels will not be rewarded for exhorting them to do good deeds. Punishment is awarded for deeds which are against the laws of nature or of the Shari‘ah but to incite men to bad deeds is ingrained in the very nature of Satan and is a part of his being. So the question of punishment in regard to him does not arise. It is true that according to the Quran, Satan will go to Hell just as the angels will go to Heaven but the fire of Hell will cause him no pain or suffering just as the rewards of heaven will give no joy or happiness to the angels. Having been created of fire (7:13) Satan is immune from the effects of burning. He is no doubt hated and condemned and denounced because he represents evil and sin but he deserves and will receive no punishment for what is a part of his nature and what he has been created to do. His representatives from among men, however, will certainly be punished for their wicked deeds. See also 2:35, 37.
a
13:14; 22:9; 31:21; 40:70.
کُتِبَ عَلَیۡہِ اَنَّہٗ مَنۡ تَوَلَّاہُ فَاَنَّہٗ یُضِلُّہٗ وَیَہۡدِیۡہِ اِلٰی عَذَابِ السَّعِیۡرِ
4:39, 120.
4:39, 120.
Only those are led astray by Satan who make friends with him and follow him. At another place the Qur’an says that Satan has no power over righteous servants of God. It is only those who accept his evil suggestions that are led astray (16:100, 101; 17:66).
4:39,120.
Commentary:
The verse makes it clear that only those are led astray by Satan who first make friends with him and follow him. At another place the Quran says that Satan has no power over the true servants of God. It is only those who accept his evil suggestions and follow him that fall victim to him (16:100-101; 17:66).
The expression یھدیه (guides him) contains a beautiful irony. i.e. Satan 'guides' disbelievers to the fire of Hell as if the fire of Hell is a thing to which they would like to be guided. It is of interest to note that whereas for the righteous it is said that "are on guidance" or, in other words, they are mounted on guidance, for the wicked it is said that they are led or driven to Hell.
c
4:39, 120.
a
4:39,120.
2440
Commentary:
The verse makes it clear that only those are led astray by Satan who first make friends with him and follow him. At another place the Quran says that Satan has no power over the true servants of God. It is only those who accept his evil suggestions and follow him that fall victim to him (16:100-101; 17:66).
The expression یھدیه (guides him) contains a beautiful irony. i.e. Satan 'guides' disbelievers to the fire of Hell as if the fire of Hell is a thing to which they would like to be guided. It is of interest to note that whereas for the righteous it is said that "are on guidance" or, in other words, they are mounted on guidance, for the wicked it is said that they are led or driven to Hell.
b
4:39, 120.
1931
Only those are led astray by Satan who make friends with him and follow him. At another place the Qur’an says that Satan has no power over righteous servants of God. It is only those who accept his evil suggestions that are led astray (16:100, 101; 17:66).
یٰۤاَیُّہَا النَّاسُ اِنۡ کُنۡتُمۡ فِیۡ رَیۡبٍ مِّنَ الۡبَعۡثِ فَاِنَّا خَلَقۡنٰکُمۡ مِّنۡ تُرَابٍ ثُمَّ مِنۡ نُّطۡفَۃٍ ثُمَّ مِنۡ عَلَقَۃٍ ثُمَّ مِنۡ مُّضۡغَۃٍ مُّخَلَّقَۃٍ وَّغَیۡرِ مُخَلَّقَۃٍ لِّنُبَیِّنَ لَکُمۡ ۚ وَنُقِرُّ فِی الۡاَرۡحَامِ مَا نَشَآءُ اِلٰۤی اَجَلٍ مُّسَمًّی ثُمَّ نُخۡرِجُکُمۡ طِفۡلًا ثُمَّ لِتَبۡلُغُوۡۤا اَشُدَّکُمۡ ۖ وَمِنۡکُمۡ مَّنۡ یُّتَوَفّٰی وَمِنۡکُمۡ مَّنۡ یُّرَدُّ اِلٰۤی اَرۡذَلِ الۡعُمُرِ لِکَیۡلَا یَعۡلَمَ مِنۡۢ بَعۡدِ عِلۡمٍ شَیۡـًٔا ۚ وَتَرَی الۡاَرۡضَ ہَامِدَۃً فَاِذَاۤ اَنۡزَلۡنَا عَلَیۡہَا الۡمَآءَ اہۡتَزَّتۡ وَرَبَتۡ وَاَنۡۢبَتَتۡ مِنۡ کُلِّ زَوۡجٍۭ بَہِیۡجٍ
13:9; 35:12; 41:48.
16:71; 36:69.
16:66; 27:61; 30:49-51; 35:28; 45:6.
人类的创造与身体的成长, 形成了有死后生命的强有力的依据。人类的创造是一种演化过程, 是逐步形成的, 是阶段性逐步发展的。它从无生命物质发展成种子, 受精卵, 胎儿的发育, 直到完美形体的人出生为止。然而, 演化过程并不随着人类的产生而停止。演化过程不断继续。从无生命物质发展成为一个完善的人。人类身体的奇妙成长是一个无可辩驳的证据。它证明了人类的创造主和使人类具有这些演化阶段的创造者具有在人们死后仍能给他们新生命的权能。这一论断也说明精神世界的发展也同人类的创造与身体的成长一样, 是逐步演化、发展而成的。另一依据来自自然界, 当雨水落到地上时, 荒芜、凄凉、死气沉沉的大地由于新的生命开始而苏醒过来。这里可得出同样的结论: 安拉, 他具有使死寂与荒芜的大地由于新生命的出现而复苏的权能, 也具有在人们死后再给他们新生命的权能。
16:71; 36:69.
16:66; 27:61; 30:49-51; 35:28; 45:6.
13:9; 35:12; 41:48.
Man’s creation and physical development constitutes a strong argument in favour of Life after death. This creation is a process of evolution, a gradual unfolding, a development from one stage to another, from lifeless matter to a seed, then to a fertilised ovum, then to a foetus and then it culminates in the birth of a perfectly formed human being. This process of evolution, however, does not stop with man’s birth. It continues. The wonderful physical growth of man from lifeless matter to a fully developed human being constitutes an irrefutable proof that the Creator of man and the Author of all these stages of his development possesses the power to give him a new life after he is dead. The inference also seems to be that just as the creation and physical development of man is a process of evolution and gradual growth, so is his spiritual development. Another argument is taken from nature, viz. that the barren, bleak or dead earth vibrates with new life when rain falls upon it. This phenomenon also lea
13:9; 35:12; 41:48.
16:71; 36:69.
16:66; 27:61; 30:49-51; 35:28; 45:6.
Important Words:
تراب (dust) is derived from ترب which means, it became dusted or dusty; he had dust in his hand; he clove to dust or earth; he clove to the dust or earth by means of poverty. تراب means, dust, earth (Lane).
علقة (clotted blood) is derived from علق which has several meanings. علق به means, it stuck fast, clung or adhered to it; it was or became suspended by it; it concerned him or it. علقت المرأة means, the woman became pregnant. علق means, blood or intensely red blood or thick or clotted blood because of its clinging together. علقة signifies a portion of clotted blood or the seminal fluid when it becomes thick clotted blood after which it passes to another stage termed مضغة (Lane).
مضغة (lump of flesh) is derived from مضغ. They say مضغ الطعام i.e. he chewed the food. مضغة means, a piece or bit of flesh or a morsel of flesh; a foetus when it has become like a lump or flesh (Lane & Aqrab).
مخلقة (formed) is derived form خلق for which see 3:50. مضغة مخلقة signifies a foetus when it has become like a lump of flesh perfect or complete in make or of which the make has become apparent (Lane).
ھامدة (lifeless) is active participle in the feminine gender from ھمد which means, he or it died or perished. ھمدت الریح means, the wind became still. ھمدت الارض means, the land became lifeless, without herbage and without rain (Lane & Aqrab).
اھتزت (stirs) is derived from ھز. They say ھزہ i.e. he shook it. اھتز النبات means, the plant or herbage became tall. اھتزت الارضmeans, the land produced herbage or became in motion and produced plants or herbage (Lane & Aqrab). When Sa‘d, a very prominent companion of the Holy Prophet died, he is reported to have exclaimed, اھتز عرش الرحمان لموت سعد بن معاذ i.e. the Throne of the Gracious God shook on account of the death of Sa‘d bin Ma‘adh.
ربت (swells) is fromربا meaning, it increased or augmented; it became high. ربت الارض means, the earth became large and swelled (Lane). See also 2:266 & 3:131.
بھیج (beauteous) is derived from بھج (bahuja) i.e. he or it was or became beauteous or beautiful or goodly or beautiful and bright or splendid; or from بھج (bahija) which means, he was or became joyful, glad or happy. بھج به means, he rejoiced in it or at it. Or it may also be said to have been derived from بھج (bahaja). They say بھجه (bahaja) i.e. it made him joyful, glad or happy. بھیج means, beauteous or beautiful and bright or splendid, having a joyful, glad or happy appearance. بھجة means, beauty or goodliness of a thing or its beauty and brightness or splendour; joyfulness, gladness or happiness of appearance (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
The verse proceeds to give arguments to show that life after death or the resurrection is an established fact. Man’s own creation and physical development is the first argument given in this verse to prove this theme. This creation is a process of evolution, a gradual unfolding, a development from one stage to another, from lifeless matter to a seed, then to a fertilized ovum, then to a foetus and then it culminates in the birth of a perfectly formed human being. But this process of evolution and growth does not stop with man’s birth. It continues. A child grows into a full grown man and then he passes on to old age and then to death which is the flight of the human soul from its physical habitat. This wonderful physical growth of man from a lifeless piece of matter to a fully developed human being constitutes an irrefutable proof that the Creator of man and the Author of all these stages of development possesses the power to give him a new life after he is dead.
The inference seems to be that just as the creation and development of man is a process of evolution and gradual growth, in the same way the progress of Islam will also be gradual and in stages.
After this argument in favour of life after death, another argument given in this verse is taken from nature. The verse says that the earth becomes barren, bleak or dead on account of a long period of drought. There is not a blade of grass to be seen on it. Then God sends down rain. The bleak and barren earth begins to vibrate with new life. This phenomenon also leads to the same conclusion that God Who has the power to make the dead and barren earth vibrate with new life has the power to bring man to life after his death. It also leads to the implied inference that by the advent of Islam, a spiritually dead Arabia will bloom and blossom into new life. See also 23:13-15.
a
13:9; 35:12; 41:48.
b
16:71; 36:69.
c
16:66; 27:61; 30:49-51; 35:28; 45:6.
853
人类的创造与身体的成长, 形成了有死后生命的强有力的依据。人类的创造是一种演化过程, 是逐步形成的, 是阶段性逐步发展的。它从无生命物质发展成种子, 受精卵, 胎儿的发育, 直到完美形体的人出生为止。然而, 演化过程并不随着人类的产生而停止。演化过程不断继续。从无生命物质发展成为一个完善的人。人类身体的奇妙成长是一个无可辩驳的证据。它证明了人类的创造主和使人类具有这些演化阶段的创造者具有在人们死后仍能给他们新生命的权能。这一论断也说明精神世界的发展也同人类的创造与身体的成长一样, 是逐步演化、发展而成的。另一依据来自自然界, 当雨水落到地上时, 荒芜、凄凉、死气沉沉的大地由于新的生命开始而苏醒过来。这里可得出同样的结论: 安拉, 他具有使死寂与荒芜的大地由于新生命的出现而复苏的权能, 也具有在人们死后再给他们新生命的权能。
a
13:9; 35:12; 41:48.
b
16:71; 36:69.
c
16:66; 27:61; 30:49-51; 35:28; 45:6.
2441
Important Words:
تراب (dust) is derived from ترب which means, it became dusted or dusty; he had dust in his hand; he clove to dust or earth; he clove to the dust or earth by means of poverty. تراب means, dust, earth (Lane).
علقة (clotted blood) is derived from علق which has several meanings. علق به means, it stuck fast, clung or adhered to it; it was or became suspended by it; it concerned him or it. علقت المرأة means, the woman became pregnant. علق means, blood or intensely red blood or thick or clotted blood because of its clinging together. علقة signifies a portion of clotted blood or the seminal fluid when it becomes thick clotted blood after which it passes to another stage termed مضغة (Lane).
مضغة (lump of flesh) is derived from مضغ. They say مضغ الطعام i.e. he chewed the food. مضغة means, a piece or bit of flesh or a morsel of flesh; a foetus when it has become like a lump or flesh (Lane & Aqrab).
مخلقة (formed) is derived form خلق for which see 3:50. مضغة مخلقة signifies a foetus when it has become like a lump of flesh perfect or complete in make or of which the make has become apparent (Lane).
ھامدة (lifeless) is active participle in the feminine gender from ھمد which means, he or it died or perished. ھمدت الریح means, the wind became still. ھمدت الارض means, the land became lifeless, without herbage and without rain (Lane & Aqrab).
اھتزت (stirs) is derived from ھز. They say ھزہ i.e. he shook it. اھتز النبات means, the plant or herbage became tall. اھتزت الارضmeans, the land produced herbage or became in motion and produced plants or herbage (Lane & Aqrab). When Sa‘d, a very prominent companion of the Holy Prophet died, he is reported to have exclaimed, اھتز عرش الرحمان لموت سعد بن معاذ i.e. the Throne of the Gracious God shook on account of the death of Sa‘d bin Ma‘adh.
ربت (swells) is fromربا meaning, it increased or augmented; it became high. ربت الارض means, the earth became large and swelled (Lane). See also 2:266 & 3:131.
بھیج (beauteous) is derived from بھج (bahuja) i.e. he or it was or became beauteous or beautiful or goodly or beautiful and bright or splendid; or from بھج (bahija) which means, he was or became joyful, glad or happy. بھج به means, he rejoiced in it or at it. Or it may also be said to have been derived from بھج (bahaja). They say بھجه (bahaja) i.e. it made him joyful, glad or happy. بھیج means, beauteous or beautiful and bright or splendid, having a joyful, glad or happy appearance. بھجة means, beauty or goodliness of a thing or its beauty and brightness or splendour; joyfulness, gladness or happiness of appearance (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
The verse proceeds to give arguments to show that life after death or the resurrection is an established fact. Man’s own creation and physical development is the first argument given in this verse to prove this theme. This creation is a process of evolution, a gradual unfolding, a development from one stage to another, from lifeless matter to a seed, then to a fertilized ovum, then to a foetus and then it culminates in the birth of a perfectly formed human being. But this process of evolution and growth does not stop with man’s birth. It continues. A child grows into a full grown man and then he passes on to old age and then to death which is the flight of the human soul from its physical habitat. This wonderful physical growth of man from a lifeless piece of matter to a fully developed human being constitutes an irrefutable proof that the Creator of man and the Author of all these stages of development possesses the power to give him a new life after he is dead.
The inference seems to be that just as the creation and development of man is a process of evolution and gradual growth, in the same way the progress of Islam will also be gradual and in stages.
After this argument in favour of life after death, another argument given in this verse is taken from nature. The verse says that the earth becomes barren, bleak or dead on account of a long period of drought. There is not a blade of grass to be seen on it. Then God sends down rain. The bleak and barren earth begins to vibrate with new life. This phenomenon also leads to the same conclusion that God Who has the power to make the dead and barren earth vibrate with new life has the power to bring man to life after his death. It also leads to the implied inference that by the advent of Islam, a spiritually dead Arabia will bloom and blossom into new life. See also 23:13-15.
a
16:71; 36:69.
b
16:66; 27:61; 30:49-51; 35:28; 45:6.
c
13:9; 35:12; 41:48.
1932
Man’s creation and physical development constitutes a strong argument in favour of Life after death. This creation is a process of evolution, a gradual unfolding, a development from one stage to another, from lifeless matter to a seed, then to a fertilised ovum, then to a foetus and then it culminates in the birth of a perfectly formed human being. This process of evolution, however, does not stop with man’s birth. It continues. The wonderful physical growth of man from lifeless matter to a fully developed human being constitutes an irrefutable proof that the Creator of man and the Author of all these stages of his development possesses the power to give him a new life after he is dead. The inference also seems to be that just as the creation and physical development of man is a process of evolution and gradual growth, so is his spiritual development. Another argument is taken from nature, viz. that the barren, bleak or dead earth vibrates with new life when rain falls upon it. This phenomenon also lea
ذٰلِکَ بِاَنَّ اللّٰہَ ہُوَ الۡحَقُّ وَاَنَّہٗ یُحۡیِ الۡمَوۡتٰی وَاَنَّہٗ عَلٰی کُلِّ شَیۡءٍ قَدِیۡرٌ
2:74; 30:51; 35:10; 41:40; 42:10; 57:18.
2:74; 30:51; 35:10; 41:40; 42:10; 57:18.
2:74; 30:51; 35:10; 41:40; 42:10; 57:18.
Commentary:
The verse purports to say that the inescapable inference from the preceding verse is (1) that God is الحق i.e. His existence is an established fact and He is the Creator Who creates according to the requirements of wisdom and justice; (2) that He infuses new life into a spiritually dead people and (3) that He has the power to do all things which are in accordance with His design and device and which fulfil His purpose.
The word الموتی (the dead) here specially signifies those who are spiritually dead. The physically dead are mentioned in the next verse.
d
2:74; 30:51; 35:10; 41:40; 42:10; 57:18.
a
2:74; 30:51; 35:10; 41:40; 42:10; 57:18.
2442
Commentary:
The verse purports to say that the inescapable inference from the preceding verse is (1) that God is الحق i.e. His existence is an established fact and He is the Creator Who creates according to the requirements of wisdom and justice; (2) that He infuses new life into a spiritually dead people and (3) that He has the power to do all things which are in accordance with His design and device and which fulfil His purpose.
The word الموتی (the dead) here specially signifies those who are spiritually dead. The physically dead are mentioned in the next verse.
c
2:74; 30:51; 35:10; 41:40; 42:10; 57:18.
وَاَنَّ السَّاعَۃَ اٰتِیَۃٌ لَّا رَیۡبَ فِیۡہَا وَاَنَّ اللّٰہَ یَبۡعَثُ مَنۡ فِی الۡقُبُوۡرِ
15:86; 18:22; 20:16; 40:60; 45:33.
اس آیت میں اَلسَّاعَۃ کا لفظ ہے۔ اور اَلْ اس بات پر دلالت کرتا ہے کہ اس کے بعد کا لفظ لوگوں کے ذہنوں میں ہے۔ اس لئے ہم نے ’’وقت مقرر‘‘کے الفاظ سے ترجمہ کیا ہے۔
15:86; 18:22; 20:16; 40:60; 45:33.
15:86; 18:22; 20:16; 40:60; 45:33.
Commentary:
The verse continues the theme of its predecessor and like it constitutes an inevitable conclusion to v. 6 viz. "that the Hour will certainly come and that Allah will raise up those who are in the graves." The expression "who are in the graves" may also refer to those who are spiritually dead and are waiting for a Divine Reformer to come and raise them from their graves, i.e. their spiritual death. This expression and the word الموتی (the dead) in the preceding verse may be taken as depicting two aspects of the spiritually dead people.
e
15:86; 18:22; 20:16; 40:60; 45:33.
1
اس آیت میں اَلسَّاعَۃ کا لفظ ہے۔ اور اَلْ اس بات پر دلالت کرتا ہے کہ اس کے بعد کا لفظ لوگوں کے ذہنوں میں ہے۔ اس لئے ہم نے ’’وقت مقرر‘‘کے الفاظ سے ترجمہ کیا ہے۔
a
15:86; 18:22; 20:16; 40:60; 45:33.
2443
Commentary:
The verse continues the theme of its predecessor and like it constitutes an inevitable conclusion to v. 6 viz. "that the Hour will certainly come and that Allah will raise up those who are in the graves." The expression "who are in the graves" may also refer to those who are spiritually dead and are waiting for a Divine Reformer to come and raise them from their graves, i.e. their spiritual death. This expression and the word الموتی (the dead) in the preceding verse may be taken as depicting two aspects of the spiritually dead people.
d
15:86; 18:22; 20:16; 40:60; 45:33.
وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنۡ یُّجٰدِلُ فِی اللّٰہِ بِغَیۡرِ عِلۡمٍ وَّلَا ہُدًی وَّلَا کِتٰبٍ مُّنِیۡرٍ
22:4.
22:4.
Commentary:
The verse stresses the importance of true knowledge and reiterates the fact that all deviation from the right path is due to the lack of it. It purports to say that the inference from v. 6 viz. that God is and that He has the power to bring the dead to life, is so patent and manifest that it is only perverse thinking, born of lack of true knowledge that can deny it.
علم (knowledge) signifies intellectual proof and arguments, ھدی Divine guidance and کتاب منیر signifies scriptural evidence.
a
22:4.
b
22:4.
2444
Commentary:
The verse stresses the importance of true knowledge and reiterates the fact that all deviation from the right path is due to the lack of it. It purports to say that the inference from v. 6 viz. that God is and that He has the power to bring the dead to life, is so patent and manifest that it is only perverse thinking, born of lack of true knowledge that can deny it.
علم (knowledge) signifies intellectual proof and arguments, ھدی Divine guidance and کتاب منیر signifies scriptural evidence.
a
22:4.
1933
‘Ilm (knowledge) signifies, intellectual proofs and arguments, Huda Divine guidance and Kitabu Munir scriptural evidence.
ثَانِیَ عِطۡفِہٖ لِیُضِلَّ عَنۡ سَبِیۡلِ اللّٰہِ ۖ لَہٗ فِی الدُّنۡیَا خِزۡیٌ ۖ وَّنُذِیۡقُہٗ یَوۡمَ الۡقِیٰمَۃِ عَذَابَ الۡحَرِیۡقِ
Two kinds of punishment are in store for the deniers of truth, viz. defeat and discomfiture in the present life and disgrace and ignominy in the life to come. The punishment in this life constitutes a proof of punishment in the life to come.
Important Words:
ثانی (turning) is derived from ثنی. They say ثناہ i.e. he doubled it or folded it; he bent it; he turned him or turned him away or back. ثناہ من حاجته he turned him or turned him away or back from the object of his want. ثانی عطفه meaning twisting or bending his back and turning his side, is a metaphor for "behaving proudly." See also 11:6 & 15:88.
Commentary:
Two kinds of punishment are in store for the deniers of truth, viz. defeat and discomfiture in the present life and disgrace and ignominy in the life to come. The punishment in this life constitutes a proof of punishment in the life to come.
2445
Important Words:
ثانی (turning) is derived from ثنی. They say ثناہ i.e. he doubled it or folded it; he bent it; he turned him or turned him away or back. ثناہ من حاجته he turned him or turned him away or back from the object of his want. ثانی عطفه meaning twisting or bending his back and turning his side, is a metaphor for "behaving proudly." See also 11:6 & 15:88.
Commentary:
Two kinds of punishment are in store for the deniers of truth, viz. defeat and discomfiture in the present life and disgrace and ignominy in the life to come. The punishment in this life constitutes a proof of punishment in the life to come.
1934
Two kinds of punishment are in store for the deniers of truth, viz. defeat and discomfiture in the present life and disgrace and ignominy in the life to come. The punishment in this life constitutes a proof of punishment in the life to come.
ذٰلِکَ بِمَا قَدَّمَتۡ یَدَاکَ وَاَنَّ اللّٰہَ لَیۡسَ بِظَلّٰمٍ لِّلۡعَبِیۡدِ
3:183; 8:52; 41:47.
3:183; 8:52; 41:47.
3:183; 8:52; 41:47.
b
3:183; 8:52; 41:47.
a
3:183; 8:52; 41:47.
b
3:183; 8:52; 41:47.
وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنۡ یَّعۡبُدُ اللّٰہَ عَلٰی حَرۡفٍ ۖ فَاِنۡ اَصَابَہٗ خَیۡرُۨ اطۡمَاَنَّ بِہٖ ۖ وَاِنۡ اَصَابَتۡہُ فِتۡنَۃُۨ انۡقَلَبَ عَلٰی وَجۡہِہٖ خَسِرَ الدُّنۡیَا وَالۡاٰخِرَۃَ ۚ ذٰلِکَ ہُوَ الۡخُسۡرَانُ الۡمُبِیۡنُ
70:21, 22.
آیت میں مَنْ کا لفظ ہے جس کے معنے جمع کے بھی ہو سکتے ہیں اور مفرد کے بھی۔
70:21, 22.
The Arabs say, Fulanun ‘Ala Harfin min Amrihi, i.e. such a one is in a vacillating condition, looking to the result of an affair he turns to it if he sees what he likes and turns away from it if he sees what does not please him (Lane). The Quranic expression means, one who serves Allah standing aloof with respect to religion, in a fluctuating state, like the person who is in the outskirts of the army, so that if he is sure of victory and spoil, he stands firm, otherwise he flees away. The sense of the expression 'on the verge' is explained in the very next sentence, viz. "if good befalls him, he is content therewith; and if there befalls him a trial, he returns to his former way." Or, the expression may signify that people of weak faith are always in a state of doubt and suspense. If, by accepting the truth, they hope to get some material benefit they remain and behave as believers, but if belief is attended with trials and tribulations, they turn back on their heels.
33:20; 70:21-22.
Important Words:
حرف (verge) is infinitive noun from حرف (harafa). They say حرف الشیء عن وجھه i.e. he turned the thing from its proper way or manner or altered it therefrom. حرف means, the extremity, verge, border, margin, brink, side or edge of anything, as for instance the side of a river, the edge of a sword or the ridge of a mountain. علی حرف من امرہ means, such a one is in a vacillating condition, looking to the result of an affair, he turns to it if he sees what he likes, and turns away from it if he sees what does not please him. من یعبد اللّٰه علی حرف means, one who serves Allah standing aloof with respect to religion, in a fluctuating state, like the person who is in the outskirts of the army, so that if he is sure of victory and spoil, he stands firm, otherwise he flees away; or the meaning is, he who serves God in doubt or suspense being unsteady like him who is on the ridge of a mountain; or the meaning is, one who serves God in one mode of circumstances i.e. when in ample circumstances and not when in straitened circumstances (Lane).
Commentary:
The sense of the expression علی حرف (on the verge) is explained in the very next sentence, viz. if good befall him, he is content therewith; and if there befall him a trial, he returns to his former way. Taking the word حرف in the sense of suspense, the expression would signify that people of weak faith are always in a state of doubt and suspense. If by accepting the message of truth they hope to get some material benefit, they remain and act as believers but if belief is attended with trials and tribulations then they turn back on their heels. Taking this word in the sense of edge or brink, the expression would mean that such people have only a superficial knowledge of religion. They do not enter into its spirit and have no insight into it. Such waverers and doubters are always deprived of the very benefits they hope to get by their insincere faith.
c
70:21, 22.
1
آیت میں مَنْ کا لفظ ہے جس کے معنے جمع کے بھی ہو سکتے ہیں اور مفرد کے بھی۔
b
33:20; 70:21-22.
2446
Important Words:
حرف (verge) is infinitive noun from حرف (harafa). They say حرف الشیء عن وجھه i.e. he turned the thing from its proper way or manner or altered it therefrom. حرف means, the extremity, verge, border, margin, brink, side or edge of anything, as for instance the side of a river, the edge of a sword or the ridge of a mountain. علی حرف من امرہ means, such a one is in a vacillating condition, looking to the result of an affair, he turns to it if he sees what he likes, and turns away from it if he sees what does not please him. من یعبد اللّٰه علی حرف means, one who serves Allah standing aloof with respect to religion, in a fluctuating state, like the person who is in the outskirts of the army, so that if he is sure of victory and spoil, he stands firm, otherwise he flees away; or the meaning is, he who serves God in doubt or suspense being unsteady like him who is on the ridge of a mountain; or the meaning is, one who serves God in one mode of circumstances i.e. when in ample circumstances and not when in straitened circumstances (Lane).
Commentary:
The sense of the expression علی حرف (on the verge) is explained in the very next sentence, viz. if good befall him, he is content therewith; and if there befall him a trial, he returns to his former way. Taking the word حرف in the sense of suspense, the expression would signify that people of weak faith are always in a state of doubt and suspense. If by accepting the message of truth they hope to get some material benefit, they remain and act as believers but if belief is attended with trials and tribulations then they turn back on their heels. Taking this word in the sense of edge or brink, the expression would mean that such people have only a superficial knowledge of religion. They do not enter into its spirit and have no insight into it. Such waverers and doubters are always deprived of the very benefits they hope to get by their insincere faith.
a
70:21, 22.
1935
The Arabs say, Fulanun ‘Ala Harfin min Amrihi, i.e. such a one is in a vacillating condition, looking to the result of an affair he turns to it if he sees what he likes and turns away from it if he sees what does not please him (Lane). The Quranic expression means, one who serves Allah standing aloof with respect to religion, in a fluctuating state, like the person who is in the outskirts of the army, so that if he is sure of victory and spoil, he stands firm, otherwise he flees away. The sense of the expression 'on the verge' is explained in the very next sentence, viz. "if good befalls him, he is content therewith; and if there befalls him a trial, he returns to his former way." Or, the expression may signify that people of weak faith are always in a state of doubt and suspense. If, by accepting the truth, they hope to get some material benefit they remain and behave as believers, but if belief is attended with trials and tribulations, they turn back on their heels.
یَدۡعُوۡا مِنۡ دُوۡنِ اللّٰہِ مَا لَا یَضُرُّہٗ وَمَا لَا یَنۡفَعُہٗ ۚ ذٰلِکَ ہُوَ الضَّلٰلُ الۡبَعِیۡدُ
6:72; 10:107; 21:67; 25:56.
6:72; 10:107; 21:67; 25:56.
6:72; 10:107; 21:67; 25:56.
d
6:72; 10:107; 21:67; 25:56.
a
6:72; 10:107; 21:67; 25:56.
b
6:72; 10:107; 21:67; 25:56.
یَدۡعُوۡا لَمَنۡ ضَرُّہٗۤ اَقۡرَبُ مِنۡ نَّفۡعِہٖ ۚ لَبِئۡسَ الۡمَوۡلٰی وَلَبِئۡسَ الۡعَشِیۡرُ
The moral injury which the worship of false gods does to their votaries is immediate and patent inasmuch as they degrade themselves before lifeless things and thus do a great injury to their own dignity and self-respect, but any benefit that they hope to get from it is only illusory and far-fetched.
Commentary:
There may seem to be some contradiction between the subject-matter of this and the previous verse. But in reality there is none. The preceding verse only means that false gods are devoid of all power to do any good or ill to anybody, so it is foolish to worship such worthless objects. The present verse, however, means that the moral injury that the worship of false gods does to their votaries is immediate and quite patent inasmuch as the worshippers degrade themselves before lifeless things and thus do a great injury to their dignity and self-respect, but any benefit that they hope to get from it is imaginary and far-fetched. The verse may also signify that the unreal, temporary and insubstantial worldly gain that the idolaters hope to gain by associating themselves with the community of polytheists is nothing compared with the moral and spiritual injury they do to themselves by their worship of the idols.
2447
Commentary:
There may seem to be some contradiction between the subject-matter of this and the previous verse. But in reality there is none. The preceding verse only means that false gods are devoid of all power to do any good or ill to anybody, so it is foolish to worship such worthless objects. The present verse, however, means that the moral injury that the worship of false gods does to their votaries is immediate and quite patent inasmuch as the worshippers degrade themselves before lifeless things and thus do a great injury to their dignity and self-respect, but any benefit that they hope to get from it is imaginary and far-fetched. The verse may also signify that the unreal, temporary and insubstantial worldly gain that the idolaters hope to gain by associating themselves with the community of polytheists is nothing compared with the moral and spiritual injury they do to themselves by their worship of the idols.
1936
The moral injury which the worship of false gods does to their votaries is immediate and patent inasmuch as they degrade themselves before lifeless things and thus do a great injury to their own dignity and self-respect, but any benefit that they hope to get from it is only illusory and far-fetched.
اِنَّ اللّٰہَ یُدۡخِلُ الَّذِیۡنَ اٰمَنُوۡا وَعَمِلُوا الصّٰلِحٰتِ جَنّٰتٍ تَجۡرِیۡ مِنۡ تَحۡتِہَا الۡاَنۡہٰرُ ۚ اِنَّ اللّٰہَ یَفۡعَلُ مَا یُرِیۡدُ
2:278; 4:176; 10:10; 13:30; 14:24.
2:278; 4:176; 10:10; 13:30; 14:24.
2:278; 4:176; 10:10; 13:30; 14:24.
Commentary:
Whereas the preceding two verses purport to say that idol worshippers get no gain from their evil practices or if at all they happen to derive any benefit from them it is quite insubstantial and transitory, the present verse says that the advantages of true faith and good works are manifold and enduring.
a
2:278; 4:176; 10:10; 13:30; 14:24.
a
2:278; 4:176; 10:10; 13:30; 14:24.
2448
Commentary:
Whereas the preceding two verses purport to say that idol worshippers get no gain from their evil practices or if at all they happen to derive any benefit from them it is quite insubstantial and transitory, the present verse says that the advantages of true faith and good works are manifold and enduring.
c
2:278; 4:176; 10:10; 13:30; 14:24.
مَنۡ کَانَ یَظُنُّ اَنۡ لَّنۡ یَّنۡصُرَہُ اللّٰہُ فِی الدُّنۡیَا وَالۡاٰخِرَۃِ فَلۡیَمۡدُدۡ بِسَبَبٍ اِلَی السَّمَآءِ ثُمَّ لۡیَقۡطَعۡ فَلۡیَنۡظُرۡ ہَلۡ یُذۡہِبَنَّ کَیۡدُہٗ مَا یَغِیۡظُ
اور زمین پر گر کر مر جائے۔ کیونکہ اس کی امید کبھی بر نہ آئے گی۔ پس اس کی موت ہی اسے مایوسی دیکھنے سے بچا سکتی ہے۔
The verse seems to hold out a challenge to disbelievers to do their worst against the Holy Prophet and then see if they can stop Divine help which he is constantly receiving and will continue to receive from On High. It is decreed in the heavens that Islam shall make steady and uninterrupted progress and that no one can alter the Divine decree; and that only death will save disbelievers from the humiliating and painful sight of seeing Islam making rapid progress. If the word Sama’ be interpreted as "roof" or "ceiling" (Lane), the verse would signify, 'If the opponents of the Holy Prophet are enraged at the success of his mission, then let them hang themselves by fixing a rope to the ceiling and cutting it off, even then Divine assistance will not stop coming.' This meaning is supported by 3:120 where disbelievers are reproved and reprimanded in the words, Perish in your rage. Surely, Allah has full knowledge of what is hidden in your breasts.
Commentary:
This verse is generally misunderstood and misinterpreted. We have tried to make the meaning clear by supplying the words "the Prophet" within brackets and the expressions "the Divine help" and "if he can" and the pronoun "him" in italics. The verse seems to hold out a challenge to disbelievers to do their worst against the Holy Prophet; and then see if they can stop Divine help which he is constantly receiving and will continue to receive from on high. It is decreed in the heavens that Islam will make steady and uninterrupted progress and that no one can alter the Divine decree; and that only death will save disbelievers from the humiliating and painful sight of seeing Islam making rapid progress. If the word سـمـاء be interpreted as "roof" or "ceiling" the verse would signify, "if the opponents of the Holy Prophetare enraged at the success of his mission, then let them hang themselves by fixing a rope to the ceiling and cutting it off. But even then Divine assistance will not stop coming." This meaning is supported by 3:120 where disbelievers are reproved and reprimanded in the words, "Die in your rage, surely Allah knows full well what is in your hearts."
1
اور زمین پر گر کر مر جائے۔ کیونکہ اس کی امید کبھی بر نہ آئے گی۔ پس اس کی موت ہی اسے مایوسی دیکھنے سے بچا سکتی ہے۔
2449
Commentary:
This verse is generally misunderstood and misinterpreted. We have tried to make the meaning clear by supplying the words "the Prophet" within brackets and the expressions "the Divine help" and "if he can" and the pronoun "him" in italics. The verse seems to hold out a challenge to disbelievers to do their worst against the Holy Prophet; and then see if they can stop Divine help which he is constantly receiving and will continue to receive from on high. It is decreed in the heavens that Islam will make steady and uninterrupted progress and that no one can alter the Divine decree; and that only death will save disbelievers from the humiliating and painful sight of seeing Islam making rapid progress. If the word سـمـاء be interpreted as "roof" or "ceiling" the verse would signify, "if the opponents of the Holy Prophetare enraged at the success of his mission, then let them hang themselves by fixing a rope to the ceiling and cutting it off. But even then Divine assistance will not stop coming." This meaning is supported by 3:120 where disbelievers are reproved and reprimanded in the words, "Die in your rage, surely Allah knows full well what is in your hearts."
1937
The verse seems to hold out a challenge to disbelievers to do their worst against the Holy Prophet and then see if they can stop Divine help which he is constantly receiving and will continue to receive from On High. It is decreed in the heavens that Islam shall make steady and uninterrupted progress and that no one can alter the Divine decree; and that only death will save disbelievers from the humiliating and painful sight of seeing Islam making rapid progress. If the word Sama’ be interpreted as "roof" or "ceiling" (Lane), the verse would signify, 'If the opponents of the Holy Prophet are enraged at the success of his mission, then let them hang themselves by fixing a rope to the ceiling and cutting it off, even then Divine assistance will not stop coming.' This meaning is supported by 3:120 where disbelievers are reproved and reprimanded in the words, Perish in your rage. Surely, Allah has full knowledge of what is hidden in your breasts.
وَکَذٰلِکَ اَنۡزَلۡنٰہُ اٰیٰتٍۭ بَیِّنٰتٍ وَّاَنَّ اللّٰہَ یَہۡدِیۡ مَنۡ یُّرِیۡدُ
اِنَّ الَّذِیۡنَ اٰمَنُوۡا وَالَّذِیۡنَ ہَادُوۡا وَالصّٰبِئِیۡنَ وَالنَّصٰرٰی وَالۡمَجُوۡسَ وَالَّذِیۡنَ اَشۡرَکُوۡۤا اِنَّ اللّٰہَ یَفۡصِلُ بَیۡنَہُمۡ یَوۡمَ الۡقِیٰمَۃِ ۚ اِنَّ اللّٰہَ عَلٰی کُلِّ شَیۡءٍ شَہِیۡدٌ
在以后的阿拉伯文学中萨比教徒 صَابِئِيْن (Sabians) 一词也可指北欧人 (Enc. of Islam)。
这一节以及2:63与5:70等节经文说明基督教徒、犹太教徒与萨比教徒不能和真正的 (伊斯兰教) 信者一样得到拯救。«古兰经» 并不支持对上述其他宗教的信仰。据此, 安拉所推崇的唯一宗教就是伊斯兰教 (3:20, 86)。这节经文中制定了一条用来检验各种宗教真伪的准则, 它认为其他教派都是不正确的。其准则是: 在各种宗教中, 正确的宗教将在 “作决定的审判日” 战胜其他各种宗教。或则, 这节经文的意思可以是说, 一个人的错误信仰并不一定在此生就受到惩罚。问题将在赏罚日得到解决。
In later Arabic literature, the word has been also used to denote the people of northern Europe (Enc. of Islam).
This verse and vv. 2:63 and 5:70 do not signify that Christians, Jews and Sabians are equally eligible to salvation along with true believers. The Qur’an does not support any such belief. According to it the only religion acceptable to God is Islam (3:20, 86). The present verse only lays down a criterion to test the truth of all the different religions and not that it regards all of them as true. The implied criterion is, that of all religions the true one will prevail over others in the "Hour of Decision." Or, the verse may mean that false beliefs of a person constitute no reason that he should be punished in this life. That matter will be decided on the Day of Judgment.
Important Words:
المجوس (Magians) is derived from مجس (majjasa). They say مجسه i.e. he made him a Magian. The Holy Prophet is reported to have said,
ما من مولود الا یولد علی الفطرة فأبواہ یھودانه و ینصرانه و یمجسانه
i.e." Every child is born on the true Islamic nature but his parents make him a Jew, Christian or Magian" (Bukhari, Kitabul-Jana’iz & Muslim). المجوس (Magians) are a people who worship the sun and the fire; sometimes the word مجوسی is used for a magician or a philosopher. It applies particularly to the Zoroastrians whose sacred Book is Zend-Avesta. In later Arabic literature, the word is also used to denote the people of northern Europe (Aqrab & Enc. of Islam).
Commentary:
The present verse read in conjunction with 2:63 and 5:70, clears the misunderstanding to which these two verses are mistakenly understood to give rise. These verses do not bear the construction put upon them by some Christian writers, viz. that Christians, Jews and Sabians are equally eligible to salvation along with true believers. The Quran lends support to no such belief. According to it the only religion acceptable to God is Islam (3:20, 86). The present verse lays down only a criterion to test the truth of all these religions and not that it regards all of them as true. The implied criterion is that of all these religions the true one will prevail over others in the "Hour of Decision."
854
在以后的阿拉伯文学中萨比教徒 صَابِئِيْن (Sabians) 一词也可指北欧人 (Enc. of Islam)。
855
这一节以及2:63与5:70等节经文说明基督教徒、犹太教徒与萨比教徒不能和真正的 (伊斯兰教) 信者一样得到拯救。«古兰经» 并不支持对上述其他宗教的信仰。据此, 安拉所推崇的唯一宗教就是伊斯兰教 (3:20, 86)。这节经文中制定了一条用来检验各种宗教真伪的准则, 它认为其他教派都是不正确的。其准则是: 在各种宗教中, 正确的宗教将在 “作决定的审判日” 战胜其他各种宗教。或则, 这节经文的意思可以是说, 一个人的错误信仰并不一定在此生就受到惩罚。问题将在赏罚日得到解决。
2450
Important Words:
المجوس (Magians) is derived from مجس (majjasa). They say مجسه i.e. he made him a Magian. The Holy Prophet is reported to have said,
ما من مولود الا یولد علی الفطرة فأبواہ یھودانه و ینصرانه و یمجسانه
i.e." Every child is born on the true Islamic nature but his parents make him a Jew, Christian or Magian" (Bukhari, Kitabul-Jana’iz & Muslim). المجوس (Magians) are a people who worship the sun and the fire; sometimes the word مجوسی is used for a magician or a philosopher. It applies particularly to the Zoroastrians whose sacred Book is Zend-Avesta. In later Arabic literature, the word is also used to denote the people of northern Europe (Aqrab & Enc. of Islam).
Commentary:
The present verse read in conjunction with 2:63 and 5:70, clears the misunderstanding to which these two verses are mistakenly understood to give rise. These verses do not bear the construction put upon them by some Christian writers, viz. that Christians, Jews and Sabians are equally eligible to salvation along with true believers. The Quran lends support to no such belief. According to it the only religion acceptable to God is Islam (3:20, 86). The present verse lays down only a criterion to test the truth of all these religions and not that it regards all of them as true. The implied criterion is that of all these religions the true one will prevail over others in the "Hour of Decision."
1938
In later Arabic literature, the word has been also used to denote the people of northern Europe (Enc. of Islam).
1939
This verse and vv. 2:63 and 5:70 do not signify that Christians, Jews and Sabians are equally eligible to salvation along with true believers. The Qur’an does not support any such belief. According to it the only religion acceptable to God is Islam (3:20, 86). The present verse only lays down a criterion to test the truth of all the different religions and not that it regards all of them as true. The implied criterion is, that of all religions the true one will prevail over others in the "Hour of Decision." Or, the verse may mean that false beliefs of a person constitute no reason that he should be punished in this life. That matter will be decided on the Day of Judgment.
اَلَمۡ تَرَ اَنَّ اللّٰہَ یَسۡجُدُ لَہٗ مَنۡ فِی السَّمٰوٰتِ وَمَنۡ فِی الۡاَرۡضِ وَالشَّمۡسُ وَالۡقَمَرُ وَالنُّجُوۡمُ وَالۡجِبَالُ وَالشَّجَرُ وَالدَّوَآبُّ وَکَثِیۡرٌ مِّنَ النَّاسِ ۖ وَکَثِیۡرٌ حَقَّ عَلَیۡہِ الۡعَذَابُ ۗ وَمَنۡ یُّہِنِ اللّٰہُ فَمَا لَہٗ مِنۡ مُّکۡرِمٍ ۚ اِنَّ اللّٰہَ یَفۡعَلُ مَا یَشَآءُ ۩
13:16; 16:49, 50; 55:7.
安拉已确定了一种规律--------一切被创造的事物, 生物或非生物都得服从的自然规律。服从这些规律是绝对的, 然而还存在某些其他规律--------宗教规律。安拉已赐示指引人们的规律。人们服从或不服从, 乃至反抗这些规律, 都要承受自己违抗所造成的后果。这节经文使除了安拉以外, 以自然界物体作为崇拜对象的多神教徒更清楚地认识到自己是多么愚蠢与无益。这节经文说明世上万物存在都取决于安拉。万物都得服从安拉所制定的规律, 生活中无时无刻都不能没有安拉。因此, 敬慕与崇拜那些本身就该服从安拉所制定规律的事物与生灵, 是十分愚蠢的。
13:16; 16:49, 50; 55:7.
God has fixed certain laws—natural laws, which all created things, animate or inanimate, have to obey. There is no escape from submission to these laws. There are, however, certain other laws—the laws of the Shari‘ah which God has revealed for the guidance of man. Man may obey or disobey and defy these laws and may suffer the consequences of his defiance. The verse further brings home to idolaters the folly and futility of their taking the objects of nature for worship beside Allah. It says that all these things depend upon Him for their very existence. They submit to the laws He has fixed for them and cannot live independently of God for a moment. It is sheer folly, therefore, to adore and worship things and beings which are themselves subject to God-made laws.
13:16; 16:49-50; 55:7.
Commentary:
God has fixed certain laws—natural laws, which all created things, animate or inanimate, have to obey. There is no escape from submission to these laws. There are, however, certain other laws—the laws of the Shari‘ah—which God has made for the guidance of man. These laws man may obey or disobey and defy and thus may suffer the consequences of his defiance.
The verse further brings home to idolaters the folly and futility of their taking the objects of nature for worship besides Allah. It says that all these things depend upon Him for their very existence. They all submit to the laws He has fixed for them and cannot live independently of God for a moment. It is sheer folly, therefore, to adore and worship things and beings which are themselves subject to God-made laws. The expression یسجد له کثیر من الناس و کثیر حق علیه العذاب besides the meaning given in the text, may also mean that many from among men submit to Allah and many others incur His displeasure and punishment because they do not submit to laws made by Him.
a
13:16; 16:49, 50; 55:7.
856
安拉已确定了一种规律--------一切被创造的事物, 生物或非生物都得服从的自然规律。服从这些规律是绝对的, 然而还存在某些其他规律--------宗教规律。安拉已赐示指引人们的规律。人们服从或不服从, 乃至反抗这些规律, 都要承受自己违抗所造成的后果。这节经文使除了安拉以外, 以自然界物体作为崇拜对象的多神教徒更清楚地认识到自己是多么愚蠢与无益。这节经文说明世上万物存在都取决于安拉。万物都得服从安拉所制定的规律, 生活中无时无刻都不能没有安拉。因此, 敬慕与崇拜那些本身就该服从安拉所制定规律的事物与生灵, 是十分愚蠢的。
a
13:16; 16:49-50; 55:7.
2451
Commentary:
God has fixed certain laws—natural laws, which all created things, animate or inanimate, have to obey. There is no escape from submission to these laws. There are, however, certain other laws—the laws of the Shari‘ah—which God has made for the guidance of man. These laws man may obey or disobey and defy and thus may suffer the consequences of his defiance.
The verse further brings home to idolaters the folly and futility of their taking the objects of nature for worship besides Allah. It says that all these things depend upon Him for their very existence. They all submit to the laws He has fixed for them and cannot live independently of God for a moment. It is sheer folly, therefore, to adore and worship things and beings which are themselves subject to God-made laws. The expression یسجد له کثیر من الناس و کثیر حق علیه العذاب besides the meaning given in the text, may also mean that many from among men submit to Allah and many others incur His displeasure and punishment because they do not submit to laws made by Him.
a
13:16; 16:49, 50; 55:7.
1940
God has fixed certain laws—natural laws, which all created things, animate or inanimate, have to obey. There is no escape from submission to these laws. There are, however, certain other laws—the laws of the Shari‘ah which God has revealed for the guidance of man. Man may obey or disobey and defy these laws and may suffer the consequences of his defiance. The verse further brings home to idolaters the folly and futility of their taking the objects of nature for worship beside Allah. It says that all these things depend upon Him for their very existence. They submit to the laws He has fixed for them and cannot live independently of God for a moment. It is sheer folly, therefore, to adore and worship things and beings which are themselves subject to God-made laws.