Topic: Punishes Wrong-Doers, Disbelievers
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ٱللَّهُ يَسْتَهْزِئُ بِهِمْ وَيَمُدُّهُمْ فِى طُغْيَٰنِهِمْ يَعْمَهُونَ
9:79; 11:9; 21:42.
6:111; 7:187; 10:12.
یَسْتَھْزِیُٔ بِھِمْ (Yastahzi’u bi-him) 意为: 他将惩罚他们。在阿拉伯语中, 作为对一件邪恶行为的惩罚, 有时候用于邪恶行为本身的字来表示。” 恶行应得同样的恶报” (42:41)。著名的阿拉伯诗人 عَمْرو بِنْ كُلْثُوْم (‘Amr bin Kulthum) 说: اَلَا لَا يَجْهَلَنْ اَحَدٌ عَلَيْنَا، فَنَجْهَلَ فَوْقَ جَهْلِ الْجَاهِلِيْنَا (’Ala la Yajhalan Ahadun ‘Alaina, Fanajhala Fauqa jahlil-Jahilina) 就是说, 当心!谁也不该胆敢于利用无知来反对我们, 否则, 我们会向他表示更大的无知, 即我们会报答他的无知 (مُعَلَّقَات--------Mu‘allaqat)。
这句话并不是说安拉给那些虚伪者有喘息的机会, 让他们增强他们的悖逆。这样的意思与35:38相抵触了。那一节经文说, 主给不信道的人以休息的机会让他们改过迁善。
عُمْىٌ (‘Umyun) 是 اَعْمٰى (A‘ma) 的复数, اَعْمٰى 源出 اَلْعَمٰى (al-‘Ama), 意思是: 既是精神上的又是肉体上的盲目。阿文还有与 اَلْعَمٰی (al-‘Ama) 相近的一字 اَلْعَمَه (Al-‘Amah) 但 اَلْعَمَه 的意思是: 只指精神上的盲目, 而无肉体盲目的意思。 (اَقْرَبْ--------Aqrab)。
اَللّٰہُ یَسْتَھْزِیُٔ بِھِمْ کا لفظی ترجمہ یہ ہے کہ ’’اللہ ان کے ساتھ ہنسی کرے گا‘‘ لیکن اس کی بجائے ہم نے یہ ترجمہ کیا ہے کہ ’’اللہ انہیں ہنسی کی سزا دے گا‘‘ اس کی وجہ یہ ہے کہ عربی زبان میں جزائے جرم کے لئے بھی جرم کے لفظ استعمال کر لئے جاتے ہیں۔ اسی لئے امام راغبؒ نے اپنی کتاب مفردات میں اس آیت کے یہ معنے کئے ہیں کہ یُجَازِیْھِمْ جَزَاءَ الْھُزُؤِ یعنی اللہ تعالیٰ منافقوں کو اُن کی ہنسی کی سزا دے گا۔
یَمُدُّ ھُمْ . مَدَّ سے ہے اور مَدَّ الْمَدْیُوْنَ کے معنے ہوتے ہیں۔ اَمْھَلَہٗ یعنی قرض دار کو مہلت دی اور اُس سے قرضے کا مطالبہ کچھ عرصہ کے لئے ترک کر دیا۔ اس لئے ہم نے اس آیت کا ترجمہ کیا ہے کہ اُن کو بہکتے ہوئے چھوڑ دے گا۔
6:111; 7:187; 10:12.
The words do not mean that God grants the hypocrites respite to let them increase in their transgression. Such a meaning is contradicted by (35:38), where it is stated that God grants disbelievers respite that they should reform themselves.
‘Umyun is the plural of A‘ma which is derived from al-‘Ama. Al-‘Amah means, mental blindness and al-‘Ama means, both mental and physical blindness (Aqrab).
9:79; 11:9; 21:42.
6:111; 7:187; 10:12.
Important Words:
یستهزئ (will punish mockery). See 2:15 and also commentary below.
یمدھم (He will let them continue) is derived from مد. They say مدہ meaning, he let him continue in a course, or he granted him a delay or respite. Literally مد means, he spread, or he stretched, or he made a thing extend (Aqrab).
طغیان (transgression) is derived from طغی which means, he exceeded the proper limits. طغی فلان means, he was excessive in sin and transgression. طغی الماء means, the water was in flood (Aqrab).
یعمھون (wandering blindly) is derived from عمه which means, he was or became confounded or perplexed and was unable to see his way, and went to and fro in confusion (Aqrab). عمه is like عمی; but whereas عمی is wider in its significance, being used for blindness both physical and mental, عمه is confined to mental blindness only (Kashshaf). عمه also means, it (the place) lost all marks or signs helpful for identification or for finding a way through it (Aqrab).
Commentary:
In this verse the word یستھزئ (lit. will mock) has been used for God, and this has occasioned the criticism that the God of the Quran is given to mocking. The criticism is due to the utter ignorance of Arabic idiom and usage. In Arabic, punishment for an evil is sometimes denoted by the term used for the evil itself. For instance, in 42:41 we read وجزاء سیئة سیئة مثلھا i.e. the penalty for an evil is an evil the like thereof, whereas the penalty of an evil is not an evil. Again in 2:195 the word اعتداء (transgression) is used for the punishment of transgression. Similarly, the well-known pre-Islamic Christian poet, ‘Amr bin Kulthum says:
الا لایجھلن احد علینا
فنجھل فوق جھل الجاھلینا
"Beware! Nobody should employ ignorance against us; or we will show greater ignorance in return;" i.e. we will severely avenge such ignorance (Mu‘allaqat).
Thus the expression الله یستھزئ بھم does not mean, Allah shall mock at them, but that Allah will punish them for their mocking. The former meaning, followed by some translators, is absolutely inconsistent with the spirit of the Quran which condemns jest and ridicule as marks of ignorance (2:68). How, then, can God attribute to Himself what He declares to be a practice of the ignorant?
The clause, Allah will let them continue in their transgression, should not be understood to mean that God grants the hypocrites respite to let them increase in transgression. Such a meaning is contradicted by verses 6:111 and 35:38, where it is clearly stated that God grants the disbelievers respite with the sole object of reforming them but they unfortunately only increase in transgression.
The word یعمھون (wandering blindly) is derived from the root عمه which, as explained above, signifies, besides other meanings, the absence of signs or marks; The meaning here would, therefore, be that the hypocrites persist in their wickedness without care or consideration, as if the way they are travelling has lost all signs, leaving the traveller without any sense of distance or direction.
a
9:79; 11:9; 21:42.
b
6:111; 7:187; 10:12.
29D
یَسْتَھْزِیُٔ بِھِمْ (Yastahzi’u bi-him) 意为: 他将惩罚他们。在阿拉伯语中, 作为对一件邪恶行为的惩罚, 有时候用于邪恶行为本身的字来表示。” 恶行应得同样的恶报” (42:41)。著名的阿拉伯诗人 عَمْرو بِنْ كُلْثُوْم (‘Amr bin Kulthum) 说: اَلَا لَا يَجْهَلَنْ اَحَدٌ عَلَيْنَا، فَنَجْهَلَ فَوْقَ جَهْلِ الْجَاهِلِيْنَا (’Ala la Yajhalan Ahadun ‘Alaina, Fanajhala Fauqa jahlil-Jahilina) 就是说, 当心!谁也不该胆敢于利用无知来反对我们, 否则, 我们会向他表示更大的无知, 即我们会报答他的无知 (مُعَلَّقَات--------Mu‘allaqat)。
29E
这句话并不是说安拉给那些虚伪者有喘息的机会, 让他们增强他们的悖逆。这样的意思与35:38相抵触了。那一节经文说, 主给不信道的人以休息的机会让他们改过迁善。
29F
عُمْىٌ (‘Umyun) 是 اَعْمٰى (A‘ma) 的复数, اَعْمٰى 源出 اَلْعَمٰى (al-‘Ama), 意思是: 既是精神上的又是肉体上的盲目。阿文还有与 اَلْعَمٰی (al-‘Ama) 相近的一字 اَلْعَمَه (Al-‘Amah) 但 اَلْعَمَه 的意思是: 只指精神上的盲目, 而无肉体盲目的意思。 (اَقْرَبْ--------Aqrab)。
4
اَللّٰہُ یَسْتَھْزِیُٔ بِھِمْ کا لفظی ترجمہ یہ ہے کہ ’’اللہ ان کے ساتھ ہنسی کرے گا‘‘ لیکن اس کی بجائے ہم نے یہ ترجمہ کیا ہے کہ ’’اللہ انہیں ہنسی کی سزا دے گا‘‘ اس کی وجہ یہ ہے کہ عربی زبان میں جزائے جرم کے لئے بھی جرم کے لفظ استعمال کر لئے جاتے ہیں۔ اسی لئے امام راغبؒ نے اپنی کتاب مفردات میں اس آیت کے یہ معنے کئے ہیں کہ یُجَازِیْھِمْ جَزَاءَ الْھُزُؤِ یعنی اللہ تعالیٰ منافقوں کو اُن کی ہنسی کی سزا دے گا۔
5
یَمُدُّ ھُمْ . مَدَّ سے ہے اور مَدَّ الْمَدْیُوْنَ کے معنے ہوتے ہیں۔ اَمْھَلَہٗ یعنی قرض دار کو مہلت دی اور اُس سے قرضے کا مطالبہ کچھ عرصہ کے لئے ترک کر دیا۔ اس لئے ہم نے اس آیت کا ترجمہ کیا ہے کہ اُن کو بہکتے ہوئے چھوڑ دے گا۔
a
9:79; 11:9; 21:42.
b
6:111; 7:187; 10:12.
22
Important Words:
یستهزئ (will punish mockery). See 2:15 and also commentary below.
یمدھم (He will let them continue) is derived from مد. They say مدہ meaning, he let him continue in a course, or he granted him a delay or respite. Literally مد means, he spread, or he stretched, or he made a thing extend (Aqrab).
طغیان (transgression) is derived from طغی which means, he exceeded the proper limits. طغی فلان means, he was excessive in sin and transgression. طغی الماء means, the water was in flood (Aqrab).
یعمھون (wandering blindly) is derived from عمه which means, he was or became confounded or perplexed and was unable to see his way, and went to and fro in confusion (Aqrab). عمه is like عمی; but whereas عمی is wider in its significance, being used for blindness both physical and mental, عمه is confined to mental blindness only (Kashshaf). عمه also means, it (the place) lost all marks or signs helpful for identification or for finding a way through it (Aqrab).
Commentary:
In this verse the word یستھزئ (lit. will mock) has been used for God, and this has occasioned the criticism that the God of the Quran is given to mocking. The criticism is due to the utter ignorance of Arabic idiom and usage. In Arabic, punishment for an evil is sometimes denoted by the term used for the evil itself. For instance, in 42:41 we read وجزاء سیئة سیئة مثلھا i.e. the penalty for an evil is an evil the like thereof, whereas the penalty of an evil is not an evil. Again in 2:195 the word اعتداء (transgression) is used for the punishment of transgression. Similarly, the well-known pre-Islamic Christian poet, ‘Amr bin Kulthum says:
الا لایجھلن احد علینا
فنجھل فوق جھل الجاھلینا
"Beware! Nobody should employ ignorance against us; or we will show greater ignorance in return;" i.e. we will severely avenge such ignorance (Mu‘allaqat).
Thus the expression الله یستھزئ بھم does not mean, Allah shall mock at them, but that Allah will punish them for their mocking. The former meaning, followed by some translators, is absolutely inconsistent with the spirit of the Quran which condemns jest and ridicule as marks of ignorance (2:68). How, then, can God attribute to Himself what He declares to be a practice of the ignorant?
The clause, Allah will let them continue in their transgression, should not be understood to mean that God grants the hypocrites respite to let them increase in transgression. Such a meaning is contradicted by verses 6:111 and 35:38, where it is clearly stated that God grants the disbelievers respite with the sole object of reforming them but they unfortunately only increase in transgression.
The word یعمھون (wandering blindly) is derived from the root عمه which, as explained above, signifies, besides other meanings, the absence of signs or marks; The meaning here would, therefore, be that the hypocrites persist in their wickedness without care or consideration, as if the way they are travelling has lost all signs, leaving the traveller without any sense of distance or direction.
c
9:79; 11:9; 21:42.d
6:111; 7:187; 10:12.
33
Yastahzi’u bi-him means, will punish them. In Arabic punishment for an evil deed is sometimes denoted by the word used for the evil itself. "The penalty for an evil deed is an evil the like thereof" (42:41). The famous Arab poet ‘Amr bin Kulthum says: Ala la Yajhalan Ahadun ‘Alaina, Fanajhal Fauqa Jahlal-Jahilina, i.e. Beware! none should dare employ ignorance against us, or we will show greater ignorance, i.e. we will avenge his ignorance (Mu‘allaqat).33A
The words do not mean that God grants the hypocrites respite to let them increase in their transgression. Such a meaning is contradicted by (35:38), where it is stated that God grants disbelievers respite that they should reform themselves.
34
‘Umyun is the plural of A‘ma which is derived from al-‘Ama. Al-‘Amah means, mental blindness and al-‘Ama means, both mental and physical blindness (Aqrab).
فَأَمَّا ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ فَأُعَذِّبُهُمْ عَذَابًا شَدِيدًا فِى ٱلدُّنْيَا وَٱلْءَاخِرَةِ وَمَا لَهُم مِّن نَّٰصِرِينَ
’’کوئی بھی‘‘ کے الفاظ مِنْ اور نَاصِرِیْنَ کی نکارت کی وجہ سے ترجمہ میں شامل کیے گئے ہیں۔
Commentary:
The words, those who disbelieve, here refer to Jews, who have suffered great hardships throughout the ages. The tale of their woes and afflictions at the hands of Titus about 70 years after the crucifixion of Jesus pales into insignificance before the sufferings to which they have been subjected in some parts of Europe in our own time.
2
’’کوئی بھی‘‘ کے الفاظ مِنْ اور نَاصِرِیْنَ کی نکارت کی وجہ سے ترجمہ میں شامل کیے گئے ہیں۔
346
Commentary:
The words, those who disbelieve, here refer to Jews, who have suffered great hardships throughout the ages. The tale of their woes and afflictions at the hands of Titus about 70 years after the crucifixion of Jesus pales into insignificance before the sufferings to which they have been subjected in some parts of Europe in our own time.
فَأَمَّا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ وَعَمِلُوا۟ ٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتِ فَيُوَفِّيهِمْ أُجُورَهُمْ وَيَزِيدُهُم مِّن فَضْلِهِۦ ۖ وَأَمَّا ٱلَّذِينَ ٱسْتَنكَفُوا۟ وَٱسْتَكْبَرُوا۟ فَيُعَذِّبُهُمْ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا وَلَا يَجِدُونَ لَهُم مِّن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ وَلِيًّا وَلَا نَصِيرًا
3:58, 16:97; 39:11.
4:46; 33:18, 66.
3:58; 16:97; 39:11.
7:158; 64:9.
a
3:58, 16:97; 39:11.
b
4:46; 33:18, 66.
a
3:58; 16:97; 39:11.
b
7:158; 64:9.
e
3:58, 16:97; 39:11.
f
4:46; 33:18, 66.
كَدَأْبِ ءَالِ فِرْعَوْنَ ۙ وَٱلَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ ۚ كَفَرُوا۟ بِـَٔايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ فَأَخَذَهُمُ ٱللَّهُ بِذُنُوبِهِمْ ۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ قَوِىٌّ شَدِيدُ ٱلْعِقَابِ
3:12; 8:55.
3:12; 8:55.
Commentary:
The verse signifies that Allah has dealt with the opponents of Islam just as He dealt with the people of Pharaoh. The reference is to the Battle of Badr, where God destroyed Abu Jahl and his host as He destroyed Pharaoh and his people in the sea. The verse thus points to the similarity between the Holy Prophet and Moses (see Deut. 18:18).
f
3:12; 8:55.
b
3:12; 8:55.
1141
Commentary:
The verse signifies that Allah has dealt with the opponents of Islam just as He dealt with the people of Pharaoh. The reference is to the Battle of Badr, where God destroyed Abu Jahl and his host as He destroyed Pharaoh and his people in the sea. The verse thus points to the similarity between the Holy Prophet and Moses (see Deut. 18:18).
f
3:12; 8:55.
1131A
See {376}.
ثُمَّ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ سَكِينَتَهُۥ عَلَىٰ رَسُولِهِۦ وَعَلَى ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَأَنزَلَ جُنُودًا لَّمْ تَرَوْهَا وَعَذَّبَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ ۚ وَذَٰلِكَ جَزَآءُ ٱلْكَٰفِرِينَ
9:40; 48:27.
9:40; 48:27.
9:40; 48:27.
Commentary:
It was only to the Holy Prophet and true believers that God vouchsafed peace and tranquillity. Thus those weak of faith became distinct from true believers; and God soon sent down His special aid and the disbelievers were routed and suitably punished.
a
9:40; 48:27.
a
9:40; 48:27.
1187
Commentary:
It was only to the Holy Prophet and true believers that God vouchsafed peace and tranquillity. Thus those weak of faith became distinct from true believers; and God soon sent down His special aid and the disbelievers were routed and suitably punished.
a
9:40; 48:27.
يَحْلِفُونَ بِٱللَّهِ مَا قَالُوا۟ وَلَقَدْ قَالُوا۟ كَلِمَةَ ٱلْكُفْرِ وَكَفَرُوا۟ بَعْدَ إِسْلَٰمِهِمْ وَهَمُّوا۟ بِمَا لَمْ يَنَالُوا۟ ۚ وَمَا نَقَمُوٓا۟ إِلَّآ أَنْ أَغْنَىٰهُمُ ٱللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُۥ مِن فَضْلِهِۦ ۚ فَإِن يَتُوبُوا۟ يَكُ خَيْرًا لَّهُمْ ۖ وَإِن يَتَوَلَّوْا۟ يُعَذِّبْهُمُ ٱللَّهُ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا فِى ٱلدُّنْيَا وَٱلْءَاخِرَةِ ۚ وَمَا لَهُمْ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ مِن وَلِىٍّ وَلَا نَصِيرٍ
穆圣到了麦地那, 那个城市大大地兴旺发达起来, 生意兴隆, 居民富裕起来了。
With the arrival of the Holy Prophet in Medina, prosperity of the town very much increased, its trade throve and its inhabitants grew rich.
Commentary:
The words, They swear by Allah that they said nothing, also show that the preceding verse refers not to disbelievers and hypocrites jointly, but only to hypocrites. As the verse points out, some of the disbelievers who later turned hypocrites were not insincere in the beginning; but as time went on and Islam made progress, they gradually drifted into disbelief and hypocrisy. For instance, ‘Abdullah bin Ubayy, who afterwards became leader of the hypocrites, was at first a believer. But when he found that by giving his allegiance to the Holy Prophet his own prestige and importance had declined, he turned hostile and began to plot against Islam.
The expression, because Allah and His Messenger had enriched them out of His bounty, means that with the advent of the Holy Prophet to Medina, the prosperity of the town very much increased, its trade thrived and its inhabitants grew rich.
574
穆圣到了麦地那, 那个城市大大地兴旺发达起来, 生意兴隆, 居民富裕起来了。
1228
Commentary:
The words, They swear by Allah that they said nothing, also show that the preceding verse refers not to disbelievers and hypocrites jointly, but only to hypocrites. As the verse points out, some of the disbelievers who later turned hypocrites were not insincere in the beginning; but as time went on and Islam made progress, they gradually drifted into disbelief and hypocrisy. For instance, ‘Abdullah bin Ubayy, who afterwards became leader of the hypocrites, was at first a believer. But when he found that by giving his allegiance to the Holy Prophet his own prestige and importance had declined, he turned hostile and began to plot against Islam.
The expression, because Allah and His Messenger had enriched them out of His bounty, means that with the advent of the Holy Prophet to Medina, the prosperity of the town very much increased, its trade thrived and its inhabitants grew rich.
1200
With the arrival of the Holy Prophet in Medina, prosperity of the town very much increased, its trade throve and its inhabitants grew rich.
ٱلَّذِينَ يَلْمِزُونَ ٱلْمُطَّوِّعِينَ مِنَ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ فِى ٱلصَّدَقَٰتِ وَٱلَّذِينَ لَا يَجِدُونَ إِلَّا جُهْدَهُمْ فَيَسْخَرُونَ مِنْهُمْ ۙ سَخِرَ ٱللَّهُ مِنْهُمْ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ
9:58.
9:58.
A poor Muslim, Abu ‘Aqil, who gave only a small quantity of dates, his whole day’s earnings as his contribution, was scoffed at by the Hypocrites for his scanty offering.
9:58.
Commentary:
The verse purports to say that the hypocrites sought excuses to find fault with all classes of believers—both those who spent freely and those who could not do so. Particular reference is to the expedition to Tabuk. Before he started for Tabuk, the Holy Prophet invited the believers to make voluntary contribution to meet the expenses of this great expedition. ‘Uthman gave 300 camels and 10,000 dinars; AbuBakr parted with all that he possessed; while ‘Umar gave as much as half of his entire property. The hypocrites attributed these and other similar liberal donations to a desire for show and display on the part of the donors. On the other hand, poor believers, who could make only small contributions, were also not spared. For instance, a poor Muslim, Abu ‘Aqil, who gave only a small quantity of dates, his whole day’s earnings, as his contribution, was scoffed at by the hypocrites for his scanty offering. It is to the taunting and scoffing of the hypocrites on this occasion that this verse particularly refers.
b
9:58.
b
9:58.
1231
Commentary:
The verse purports to say that the hypocrites sought excuses to find fault with all classes of believers—both those who spent freely and those who could not do so. Particular reference is to the expedition to Tabuk. Before he started for Tabuk, the Holy Prophet invited the believers to make voluntary contribution to meet the expenses of this great expedition. ‘Uthman gave 300 camels and 10,000 dinars; AbuBakr parted with all that he possessed; while ‘Umar gave as much as half of his entire property. The hypocrites attributed these and other similar liberal donations to a desire for show and display on the part of the donors. On the other hand, poor believers, who could make only small contributions, were also not spared. For instance, a poor Muslim, Abu ‘Aqil, who gave only a small quantity of dates, his whole day’s earnings, as his contribution, was scoffed at by the hypocrites for his scanty offering. It is to the taunting and scoffing of the hypocrites on this occasion that this verse particularly refers.
a
9:58.
1201
A poor Muslim, Abu ‘Aqil, who gave only a small quantity of dates, his whole day’s earnings as his contribution, was scoffed at by the Hypocrites for his scanty offering.
وَلَئِنْ أَخَّرْنَا عَنْهُمُ ٱلْعَذَابَ إِلَىٰٓ أُمَّةٍ مَّعْدُودَةٍ لَّيَقُولُنَّ مَا يَحْبِسُهُۥٓ ۗ أَلَا يَوْمَ يَأْتِيهِمْ لَيْسَ مَصْرُوفًا عَنْهُمْ وَحَاقَ بِهِم مَّا كَانُوا۟ بِهِۦ يَسْتَهْزِءُونَ
21:42; 46:27.
21:42; 46:27.
21:42; 46:27.
Important Words:
امة (time) is derived from ام (amma). They say امه (ammahu) i.e. he repaired or directed his course to him or it; he sought or aimed at it. امة means, way, course or manner of acting; religion; a people or nation; a generation of men. It also means a time or a period of time as in 12:46 (Lane).
Commentary:
The verse points out that just as most people are in doubt about the life after death, similarly they labour under a delusion with regard to Divine punishment in this life. If punishment is delayed a little, they become impatient and begin to criticize and find fault with Divine Messengers, although the nature of this world as being an abode of trials demands that Divine punishment should be late in coming; for if there were no delay, the abode of trials would turn into a veritable abode of recompense.
It is strange that on the one hand people deny the existence of an abode of recompense and, on the other, by demanding from the Prophets of God a decisive punishment, admit that there should be such a thing as an abode of requital. The words, that which they used to mock at shall encompass them, show that disbelievers, while demanding the speedy arrival of punishment, do not do so in earnest, but only ridicule the warnings of Prophets about the impending punishment. They should know that their scoffing and jeering shall recoil on themselves and will serve only to expedite the threatened punishment.
e
21:42; 46:27.
a
21:42; 46:27.
1390
Important Words:
امة (time) is derived from ام (amma). They say امه (ammahu) i.e. he repaired or directed his course to him or it; he sought or aimed at it. امة means, way, course or manner of acting; religion; a people or nation; a generation of men. It also means a time or a period of time as in 12:46 (Lane).
Commentary:
The verse points out that just as most people are in doubt about the life after death, similarly they labour under a delusion with regard to Divine punishment in this life. If punishment is delayed a little, they become impatient and begin to criticize and find fault with Divine Messengers, although the nature of this world as being an abode of trials demands that Divine punishment should be late in coming; for if there were no delay, the abode of trials would turn into a veritable abode of recompense.
It is strange that on the one hand people deny the existence of an abode of recompense and, on the other, by demanding from the Prophets of God a decisive punishment, admit that there should be such a thing as an abode of requital. The words, that which they used to mock at shall encompass them, show that disbelievers, while demanding the speedy arrival of punishment, do not do so in earnest, but only ridicule the warnings of Prophets about the impending punishment. They should know that their scoffing and jeering shall recoil on themselves and will serve only to expedite the threatened punishment.
a
21:42; 46:27.
قَالَ أَمَّا مَن ظَلَمَ فَسَوْفَ نُعَذِّبُهُۥ ثُمَّ يُرَدُّ إِلَىٰ رَبِّهِۦ فَيُعَذِّبُهُۥ عَذَابًا نُّكْرًا
7:166.
Cyrus believed in Life after death. He was a follower of Zoroaster and of all religions, second only to Islam, Zoroastrianism has laid the greatest stress on Life after death. 'There can be no doubt that Cyrus and his Persian followers were faithful believers in the pure doctrine of Zoroaster, and disdainfully regarded foreign cults' (Jew. Enc., vol. 4, p. 404).
7:166.
Commentary:
The words, then shall he be brought back to his Lord, indicate that Cyrus believed in life after death. He was a follower of Zoroaster and of all religions, second only to Islam, Zoroastrianism has laid the greatest stress on life after death. "There can be no doubt that Cyrus and his Persians, like Darius at a later period, were faithful believers in the pure doctrine of Zoroaster, and disdainfully regarded foreign cults" (Jew. Enc., vol. 4, p. 404).
b
7:166.
777
塞鲁士相信死后的生命。他是瑣羅亞斯德的信徒, 而且除伊斯兰教以外, 在所有其他宗教当中祆教是最强调死后生命的。“毫无疑问, 塞鲁士和他的波斯信奉者都是瑣羅亞斯德纯教义的忠实信徒,并且蔑视外来的邪教” (《犹太百科全书》卷4, 404页)。
a
7:166.
2125
Commentary:
The words, then shall he be brought back to his Lord, indicate that Cyrus believed in life after death. He was a follower of Zoroaster and of all religions, second only to Islam, Zoroastrianism has laid the greatest stress on life after death. "There can be no doubt that Cyrus and his Persians, like Darius at a later period, were faithful believers in the pure doctrine of Zoroaster, and disdainfully regarded foreign cults" (Jew. Enc., vol. 4, p. 404).
b
7:166.
1722
Cyrus believed in Life after death. He was a follower of Zoroaster and of all religions, second only to Islam, Zoroastrianism has laid the greatest stress on Life after death. 'There can be no doubt that Cyrus and his Persian followers were faithful believers in the pure doctrine of Zoroaster, and disdainfully regarded foreign cults' (Jew. Enc., vol. 4, p. 404).
وَلَقَدِ ٱسْتُهْزِئَ بِرُسُلٍ مِّن قَبْلِكَ فَحَاقَ بِٱلَّذِينَ سَخِرُوا۟ مِنْهُم مَّا كَانُوا۟ بِهِۦ يَسْتَهْزِءُونَ
6:11; 13:33.
11:9; 46:27.
Commentary:
The verse makes mention of two things which never fail to occur when a Prophet preaches his message: (a) the message is held up to scorn and the Prophet himself is mocked and jeered at; and (b) the jeering and mocking of the scoffers always recoils on their own heads and they themselves become the laughing-stock of the world.
d
6:11; 13:33.
e
11:9; 46:27.
b
6:11; 13:33.
c
11:9; 46:27.
2382
Commentary:
The verse makes mention of two things which never fail to occur when a Prophet preaches his message: (a) the message is held up to scorn and the Prophet himself is mocked and jeered at; and (b) the jeering and mocking of the scoffers always recoils on their own heads and they themselves become the laughing-stock of the world.
c
6:11; 13:33.
d
11:9; 46:27.
ثُمَّ أَخَذْتُ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ ۖ فَكَيْفَ كَانَ نَكِيرِ
وَلَقَدْ مَكَّنَّٰهُمْ فِيمَآ إِن مَّكَّنَّٰكُمْ فِيهِ وَجَعَلْنَا لَهُمْ سَمْعًا وَأَبْصَٰرًا وَأَفْـِٔدَةً فَمَآ أَغْنَىٰ عَنْهُمْ سَمْعُهُمْ وَلَآ أَبْصَٰرُهُمْ وَلَآ أَفْـِٔدَتُهُم مِّن شَىْءٍ إِذْ كَانُوا۟ يَجْحَدُونَ بِـَٔايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ وَحَاقَ بِهِم مَّا كَانُوا۟ بِهِۦ يَسْتَهْزِءُونَ
6:7.
21:42.
Af’idah (hearts) is the plural of Fu’ad which is synonymous with Qalb, both meaning heart, mind or intellect. In the Qur’an both these words have been used synonymously. In 28:11 they have been used together, signifying the heart. It is the context which determines, where any of these words is used as signifying the heart and where as signifying the mind. Some authors, however, make a distinction between Fu’ad and Qalb; the latter is said to have a more special signification than the former which is said to be the Ghisha’ or the Wi‘a’ of the Qalb, or the middle or the interior thereof. Tara Fu’adu-hu means, his mind, or intellect, or courage fled (Lane).
6:7; 7:11.
11:9; 21:42.
Important Words:
أفئدة (hearts) is the plural of فؤاد which is derived from فاد. They say فادہ, i.e. he or it hit, struck, smote or hurt his فؤاد i.e. heart. فاد اللحم فی النار means, he roasted the flesh meat in the fire. فؤاد is synonymous with قلب both meaning heart, mind or intellect. In the Quran, too, both these words have been used synonymously. In 28:11, both the words have been used together, signifying the heart. It is the context which determines where any of these words is used in the sense of mind or heart. Some authors, however, make a distinction between فؤاد and قلب; the latter is said to have a more special signification than the former which is said to be the غشاء or the وعاء of the قلب or the middle or the interior thereof. They say طار فؤادہ i.e. his mind or intellect or courage tied (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
This verse also shows that the Adites were a very powerful and prosperous people. Their dominions extended over vast areas.
b
6:7.
c
21:42.
c
6:7; 7:11.
d
11:9; 21:42.
3780
Important Words:
أفئدة (hearts) is the plural of فؤاد which is derived from فاد. They say فادہ, i.e. he or it hit, struck, smote or hurt his فؤاد i.e. heart. فاد اللحم فی النار means, he roasted the flesh meat in the fire. فؤاد is synonymous with قلب both meaning heart, mind or intellect. In the Quran, too, both these words have been used synonymously. In 28:11, both the words have been used together, signifying the heart. It is the context which determines where any of these words is used in the sense of mind or heart. Some authors, however, make a distinction between فؤاد and قلب; the latter is said to have a more special signification than the former which is said to be the غشاء or the وعاء of the قلب or the middle or the interior thereof. They say طار فؤادہ i.e. his mind or intellect or courage tied (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
This verse also shows that the Adites were a very powerful and prosperous people. Their dominions extended over vast areas.
b
6:7.
c
21:42.
2730
Af’idah (hearts) is the plural of Fu’ad which is synonymous with Qalb, both meaning heart, mind or intellect. In the Qur’an both these words have been used synonymously. In 28:11 they have been used together, signifying the heart. It is the context which determines, where any of these words is used as signifying the heart and where as signifying the mind. Some authors, however, make a distinction between Fu’ad and Qalb; the latter is said to have a more special signification than the former which is said to be the Ghisha’ or the Wi‘a’ of the Qalb, or the middle or the interior thereof. Tara Fu’adu-hu means, his mind, or intellect, or courage fled (Lane).
وَيُعَذِّبَ ٱلْمُنَٰفِقِينَ وَٱلْمُنَٰفِقَٰتِ وَٱلْمُشْرِكِينَ وَٱلْمُشْرِكَٰتِ ٱلظَّآنِّينَ بِٱللَّهِ ظَنَّ ٱلسَّوْءِ ۚ عَلَيْهِمْ دَآئِرَةُ ٱلسَّوْءِ ۖ وَغَضِبَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَعَنَهُمْ وَأَعَدَّ لَهُمْ جَهَنَّمَ ۖ وَسَآءَتْ مَصِيرًا
یعنی مومنوں کے ایمان کی زیادتی منافق مردوں اور منافق عورتوں کے عذاب کا موجب ہو جائے گی۔ یعنی وہ تو یہ امید رکھتے تھے کہ ان حالات میں مومن متزلزل ہو جائیں گے۔ لیکن نتیجہ اُلٹا نکلا کہ وہ ایمان میں اور بھی بڑھ گئے پس منافقوں اور مشرکوں کے ہاتھ میں سوائے کڑھنے اور جلنے کے عذاب کے کچھ بھی نہ آیا۔ اسی طرح ان لوگوں کے ہاتھ بھی کچھ نہ آیا۔ جو اللہ تعالیٰ پر بدگمانی کرتے تھے۔ اور سمجھتے تھے کہ ان کی تدبیریں اسلام کو نقصان پہنچائیں گی۔
33:25.
9:98.
33:25.
9:98.
Important Words:
دائرة (calamity) is derived from دار which means, it (an event) came about. دار الدھر means, the time took a turn; it changed. دار بینھم الکأس means, the wine-cup went round them. دائرة means, the circuit of a thing; an evil turn of fortune; calamity; defeat; rout; slaughter; death. دارت علیھم الدوائر means, calamities befell them (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
The verse means that every turn of fortune adds to the faith of believers and any addition to faith of believers increases the heart-burning and jealousy of disbelievers and the hypocrites. The latter had entertained the false hope that the terms of the Treaty of Hudaibiyyah would bring about a weakening of faith among the believers but the opposite happened and this caused heart-burning among them.
b
33:25.
c
9:98.
2
یعنی مومنوں کے ایمان کی زیادتی منافق مردوں اور منافق عورتوں کے عذاب کا موجب ہو جائے گی۔ یعنی وہ تو یہ امید رکھتے تھے کہ ان حالات میں مومن متزلزل ہو جائیں گے۔ لیکن نتیجہ اُلٹا نکلا کہ وہ ایمان میں اور بھی بڑھ گئے پس منافقوں اور مشرکوں کے ہاتھ میں سوائے کڑھنے اور جلنے کے عذاب کے کچھ بھی نہ آیا۔ اسی طرح ان لوگوں کے ہاتھ بھی کچھ نہ آیا۔ جو اللہ تعالیٰ پر بدگمانی کرتے تھے۔ اور سمجھتے تھے کہ ان کی تدبیریں اسلام کو نقصان پہنچائیں گی۔
b
33:25.
c
9:98.
3821
Important Words:
دائرة (calamity) is derived from دار which means, it (an event) came about. دار الدھر means, the time took a turn; it changed. دار بینھم الکأس means, the wine-cup went round them. دائرة means, the circuit of a thing; an evil turn of fortune; calamity; defeat; rout; slaughter; death. دارت علیھم الدوائر means, calamities befell them (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
The verse means that every turn of fortune adds to the faith of believers and any addition to faith of believers increases the heart-burning and jealousy of disbelievers and the hypocrites. The latter had entertained the false hope that the terms of the Treaty of Hudaibiyyah would bring about a weakening of faith among the believers but the opposite happened and this caused heart-burning among them.
b
33:25.
c
9:98.
قُل لِّلْمُخَلَّفِينَ مِنَ ٱلْأَعْرَابِ سَتُدْعَوْنَ إِلَىٰ قَوْمٍ أُو۟لِى بَأْسٍ شَدِيدٍ تُقَٰتِلُونَهُمْ أَوْ يُسْلِمُونَ ۖ فَإِن تُطِيعُوا۟ يُؤْتِكُمُ ٱللَّهُ أَجْرًا حَسَنًا ۖ وَإِن تَتَوَلَّوْا۟ كَمَا تَوَلَّيْتُم مِّن قَبْلُ يُعَذِّبْكُمْ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا
اس آیت میں کسریٰ اور قیصر کے ساتھ کی جنگوں کا ذکر ہے۔ منافقوں سے کہا گیا ہے کہ اگر ان کے ساتھ جنگوں میں ہمت دکھاؤ گے تو قصور معاف ہو جائے گا‘ ورنہ خداتعالیٰ کا عذاب تمہیں ملے گا۔
حضرت عمر رضی اللہ عنہ کے زمانہ میں کچھ عرب رؤساء کے لڑکے آپ کے پاس آئے اور کہا ہم چاہتے ہیں کہ ہمارے باپ دادوں کے اعمال ہمارے راستہ میں حائل نہ ہوں۔ آپ ہمارے خاندانوں کو جانتے ہیں کوئی ایسی تدبیر بتائیں کہ یہ پچھلا داغ مٹ جائے۔ اس وقت حضرت عمر رضی اللہ عنہ کی آنکھوں میں آنسو آگئے اور بول نہ سکے۔ ہاتھ سے شام کی طرف اشارہ کیا اور اشارۃً بتایا کہ اگر وہاں چلے جاؤ تو شاید کفارہ ہو جائے۔ چنانچ
اس میں اشارہ ہے کہ وہ جنگیں بہت عرصہ تک لمبی چلی جائیں گی۔
یہ حکم نہیں کہ مسلمان ہونے تک ان سے لڑو بلکہ مستقبل کا صیغہ ہے اور واقعہ بتایا ہے کہ وہ دشمن جب تک مسلمان نہ ہوں گے تم سے لڑتے جائیں گے۔ چنانچہ روم اور فارس نے ایسا ہی کیا۔
The words, 'a people of mighty valour,' may refer to the mighty forces of the Byzantine and Iranian Empires which were far superior in material means and numbers than any other enemy the Muslims had met so far. The verse constituted a warning that the Muslims would come into conflict with those mighty foes and would have to wage prolonged wars with them till the latter would be completely defeated and brought to their knees. The laggards are here told that though they cannot be allowed to march against the Jews of Khaibar and partake of the booty, yet in the near future they would be called upon to fight against a much more powerful enemy and that, if they then responded to the call, they would receive a good reward. The verse also signifies that wars with the Byzantine and Iranian Empires would be fierce and long.
Commentary:
The words "a people of mighty valour," may refer to the mighty forces of the Byzantine and Iranian Empires which were far superior in means, material and numbers than any other enemy the Muslims had met so far. The verse constituted a warning that the Muslims would come into conflict with those mighty foes and would have to wage prolonged wars with them till the latter were broken and brought to their knees. The laggards are thus told that though they cannot be allowed to march against the Jews of Khaibar and partake of the booty, yet in the near future they would be called upon to fight against a much more powerful foe and, if they then responded to the call, they would receive a good reward. The verse also signifies that wars with the Byzantine and Iranian Empires would be fierce and long.
2
اس آیت میں کسریٰ اور قیصر کے ساتھ کی جنگوں کا ذکر ہے۔ منافقوں سے کہا گیا ہے کہ اگر ان کے ساتھ جنگوں میں ہمت دکھاؤ گے تو قصور معاف ہو جائے گا‘ ورنہ خداتعالیٰ کا عذاب تمہیں ملے گا۔
حضرت عمر رضی اللہ عنہ کے زمانہ میں کچھ عرب رؤساء کے لڑکے آپ کے پاس آئے اور کہا ہم چاہتے ہیں کہ ہمارے باپ دادوں کے اعمال ہمارے راستہ میں حائل نہ ہوں۔ آپ ہمارے خاندانوں کو جانتے ہیں کوئی ایسی تدبیر بتائیں کہ یہ پچھلا داغ مٹ جائے۔ اس وقت حضرت عمر رضی اللہ عنہ کی آنکھوں میں آنسو آگئے اور بول نہ سکے۔ ہاتھ سے شام کی طرف اشارہ کیا اور اشارۃً بتایا کہ اگر وہاں چلے جاؤ تو شاید کفارہ ہو جائے۔ چنانچ
3
اس میں اشارہ ہے کہ وہ جنگیں بہت عرصہ تک لمبی چلی جائیں گی۔
4
یہ حکم نہیں کہ مسلمان ہونے تک ان سے لڑو بلکہ مستقبل کا صیغہ ہے اور واقعہ بتایا ہے کہ وہ دشمن جب تک مسلمان نہ ہوں گے تم سے لڑتے جائیں گے۔ چنانچہ روم اور فارس نے ایسا ہی کیا۔
3827
Commentary:
The words "a people of mighty valour," may refer to the mighty forces of the Byzantine and Iranian Empires which were far superior in means, material and numbers than any other enemy the Muslims had met so far. The verse constituted a warning that the Muslims would come into conflict with those mighty foes and would have to wage prolonged wars with them till the latter were broken and brought to their knees. The laggards are thus told that though they cannot be allowed to march against the Jews of Khaibar and partake of the booty, yet in the near future they would be called upon to fight against a much more powerful foe and, if they then responded to the call, they would receive a good reward. The verse also signifies that wars with the Byzantine and Iranian Empires would be fierce and long.
2773
The words, 'a people of mighty valour,' may refer to the mighty forces of the Byzantine and Iranian Empires which were far superior in material means and numbers than any other enemy the Muslims had met so far. The verse constituted a warning that the Muslims would come into conflict with those mighty foes and would have to wage prolonged wars with them till the latter would be completely defeated and brought to their knees. The laggards are here told that though they cannot be allowed to march against the Jews of Khaibar and partake of the booty, yet in the near future they would be called upon to fight against a much more powerful enemy and that, if they then responded to the call, they would receive a good reward. The verse also signifies that wars with the Byzantine and Iranian Empires would be fierce and long.
فَذَرْنِى وَمَن يُكَذِّبُ بِهَٰذَا ٱلْحَدِيثِ ۖ سَنَسْتَدْرِجُهُم مِّنْ حَيْثُ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ
7:183.
73:12; 74:12.
Divine punishment will overtake disbelievers by degrees and in stages and thus they will have ample opportunities to repent and make amends by accepting the Quranic Message.
73:12; 74:12.
7:183.
Commentary:
The verse shows that Divine punishment will overtake disbelievers by degrees and in stages and thus they will have ample opportunities to repent and make amends by accepting the Message of the Quran. The punishment began with the Battle of Badr and reached its culmination in the Fall of Mecca, extending over a period of about eight years.
b
73:12; 74:12.
c
7:183.
1468
不信者将逐步和分段地遭到真主的惩罚, 因此他们将有充分的机会以接受 «古兰经» 启示的方式来忏悔改过。
b
73:12; 74:12.
c
7:183.
4332
Commentary:
The verse shows that Divine punishment will overtake disbelievers by degrees and in stages and thus they will have ample opportunities to repent and make amends by accepting the Message of the Quran. The punishment began with the Battle of Badr and reached its culmination in the Fall of Mecca, extending over a period of about eight years.
a
7:183.
b
73:12; 74:12.
3104
Divine punishment will overtake disbelievers by degrees and in stages and thus they will have ample opportunities to repent and make amends by accepting the Quranic Message.
وَأَمَّا مَنْ أُوتِىَ كِتَٰبَهُۥ بِشِمَالِهِۦ فَيَقُولُ يَٰلَيْتَنِى لَمْ أُوتَ كِتَٰبِيَهْ
56:42-43; 84:11-13.
Commentary:
To be given one’s record in one’s left hand, in Quranic terminology represents failure in a test. Elsewhere in the Quran (56:42) the guilty have been described as "fellows of the left hand."
a
56:42, 43; 84:11-13.
1477
在 «古兰经» 用语中, 左手有了个人行为记录簿的意思是考验失败。
e
56:42-43; 84:11-13.
4358
Commentary:
To be given one’s record in one’s left hand, in Quranic terminology represents failure in a test. Elsewhere in the Quran (56:42) the guilty have been described as "fellows of the left hand."
e
56:42, 43; 84:11-13.
3114
To be given one’s record in one’s left hand, in Quranic terminology, signifies failure in the test.
وَلَمْ أَدْرِ مَا حِسَابِيَهْ
يَٰلَيْتَهَا كَانَتِ ٱلْقَاضِيَةَ
不信者希望以死亡来了结一切, 这样就可以没有别的人生, 不必在安拉面前汇报自己的所作所为。
Disbelievers would wish death to be the end of all things so that there should be no other life and no rendering of account of their actions before God.
Commentary:
Disbelievers would wish death to be the end of all things so that there should be no other life and no rendering of account of their actions before God.
1478
不信者希望以死亡来了结一切, 这样就可以没有别的人生, 不必在安拉面前汇报自己的所作所为。
4359
Commentary:
Disbelievers would wish death to be the end of all things so that there should be no other life and no rendering of account of their actions before God.
3115
Disbelievers would wish death to be the end of all things so that there should be no other life and no rendering of account of their actions before God.