Topic: Solar System
View Aspects
۞ يَسْـَٔلُونَكَ عَنِ ٱلْأَهِلَّةِ ۖ قُلْ هِىَ مَوَٰقِيتُ لِلنَّاسِ وَٱلْحَجِّ ۗ وَلَيْسَ ٱلْبِرُّ بِأَن تَأْتُوا۟ ٱلْبُيُوتَ مِن ظُهُورِهَا وَلَٰكِنَّ ٱلْبِرَّ مَنِ ٱتَّقَىٰ ۗ وَأْتُوا۟ ٱلْبُيُوتَ مِنْ أَبْوَٰبِهَا ۚ وَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ
عرب حاجی جب حج کو جاتے تو ضرورت پڑنے پر اگر واپس گھروں کو آتے تو دیوار پھاند کر گھر میں گھستے۔ اس آیت میں اس کا ردّ کیا کہ گھر میں دیواریں پھاند کر جانا نیکی نہیں۔ نیکی تو ایک روحانی امر ہے۔ پس ہر چیز کے حصول کے لئے صحیح طریق اختیار کیا کرو۔
2:198; 9:36.
2:178.
Islam has made use of both the lunar and solar systems for measuring time. Where worship is to be performed in different parts of the day the solar system of reckoning time is used, as in the five daily Prayers or for the beginning and the breaking of the daily fast; and where worship is to be completed within a particular month or part thereof, the lunar system is used, as in selecting the month of fasting or the appointment of the time of Pilgrimage, etc. Thus Islam has made use of both the systems; so the solar system is as much Islamic as the lunar system.
The clause points to a very important principle that the real purpose in prescribing different acts of worship is the intrinsic usefulness thereof and not that every change of time should have attached to it an act of worship. Therefore the question, arising from the over-eagerness of the Faithful, that, like fasting, there may be prescribed other acts of worship in other months also, was like approaching a house not through its door but by "the back thereof." The primary thing is worship and time is only secondary, but those who put the question wanted to make time a primary, and worship merely a secondary thing. This was like putting the cart before the horse. The reference also seems to be to a practice of the pagan Arabs that when they had once started on Pilgrimage to Mecca, if for any reason they had to come back, they would enter their houses from their backs by scaling over the walls. The verse condemns such practices, pointing out that they do not constitute virtue which is a spiritual concept, an
2:198; 9:36.
2:178.
Important Words:
الاھلة (new moons) is the plural of الھلال i.e. the new moon. The word is generally used about the moon of the first two or three nights. About the moon of other nights the word used is قمر (Aqrab).
مواقیت (means for measuring time) is the plural of میقات which is derived from وقت i.e. time. میقات means: (1) time; (2) time fixed or appointed for a certain thing; (3) a promise for which a time is fixed; (4) a place in which a meeting is appointed to take place at a particular time (Aqrab & Lane).
Commentary:
When the Companions of the Holy Prophet heard of the great blessings of the month of Ramadan, they naturally desired to know the blessings attending other months. This question on their part shows how solicitous they were to win God’s blessings and attain His nearness.
The clause, they are means for measuring time, should not give rise to the misunderstanding that Islam looks upon the moon only as a means of measuring time; for elsewhere the Quran speaks of the sun also as such (6:97 and 17:13). In fact, Islam has made use of both the lunar and solar systems for measuring time. Where worship is to be performed in different parts of the day, the solar system of reckoning time is used, as in the five daily Prayers or for the opening and the closing of a daily fast; and where worship is to be connected with a particular month or part thereof, the lunar system is used, as in selecting the month of fasting or the appointment of the time of Pilgrimage, etc. As a matter of fact, as religious commandments are meant for the general public, the system used is always such as may be easily understandable by the common people. All commandments relating to a fixed time are therefore based on the visible part of the solar or the lunar system of reckoning time, as the case may be. Changes in the position of the sun during the day are visible but the beginning of a solar month is not visible. On the other hand, the appearance of a new moon in the beginning of a lunar month is visible. Therefore Islam has made use of both; and the solar system is as much Islamic as the lunar system.
The clause, and it is not righteousness that you come into houses by the backs thereof, points to a very important principle that the real purpose in appointing different acts of worship is the intrinsic usefulness thereof and not that to each change of time there should be attached an act of worship. Therefore the question, resulting from the over-eagerness of the Faithful, that, like fasting, there may be prescribed other acts of worship relating to other months also, was like approaching a house not through its door but by "the back thereof". The primary thing was worship and time was only secondary, but those who put the question wanted to make time primary and worship merely secondary. This was like putting the cart before the horse.
The clause also means that one should adopt the right course to attain an object. Every end can be attained by having recourse to certain means. Similarly, certain ways have been prescribed by God for winning His pleasure and attaining His nearness. People should faithfully stick to these and not devise ways of their own. By doing so, they will only suffer trouble, and gain nothing.
It is also on record that it was the practice among the idolaters of Arabia that when they left their homes and started on Pilgrimage to Mecca, then if for some purpose or object they had to come back to their houses, they did not enter them by their doors, but climbed into them by their back walls (Bukhari, ch. on Tafsir). Islam does not approve of such meaningless practices.
b
2:198; 9:36.
c
2:178.
126
伊斯兰教利用太阴系和太阳系两者计时。礼拜在白天的不同时候举行, 则使用太阳系计时, 如每日五次礼拜, 或每日的斋戒开始和中止; 凡崇拜仪式要在某一特定的月份或该月的某一时间完成者, 则使用太阴系, 如选择斋戒月份或规定朝觐的时间等。这样, 伊斯兰教利用两种体系; 因此就计时来说, 太阳系和太阴系都是伊斯兰教的。
1
عرب حاجی جب حج کو جاتے تو ضرورت پڑنے پر اگر واپس گھروں کو آتے تو دیوار پھاند کر گھر میں گھستے۔ اس آیت میں اس کا ردّ کیا کہ گھر میں دیواریں پھاند کر جانا نیکی نہیں۔ نیکی تو ایک روحانی امر ہے۔ پس ہر چیز کے حصول کے لئے صحیح طریق اختیار کیا کرو۔
a
2:198; 9:36.
b
2:178.
196
Important Words:
الاھلة (new moons) is the plural of الھلال i.e. the new moon. The word is generally used about the moon of the first two or three nights. About the moon of other nights the word used is قمر (Aqrab).
مواقیت (means for measuring time) is the plural of میقات which is derived from وقت i.e. time. میقات means: (1) time; (2) time fixed or appointed for a certain thing; (3) a promise for which a time is fixed; (4) a place in which a meeting is appointed to take place at a particular time (Aqrab & Lane).
Commentary:
When the Companions of the Holy Prophet heard of the great blessings of the month of Ramadan, they naturally desired to know the blessings attending other months. This question on their part shows how solicitous they were to win God’s blessings and attain His nearness.
The clause, they are means for measuring time, should not give rise to the misunderstanding that Islam looks upon the moon only as a means of measuring time; for elsewhere the Quran speaks of the sun also as such (6:97 and 17:13). In fact, Islam has made use of both the lunar and solar systems for measuring time. Where worship is to be performed in different parts of the day, the solar system of reckoning time is used, as in the five daily Prayers or for the opening and the closing of a daily fast; and where worship is to be connected with a particular month or part thereof, the lunar system is used, as in selecting the month of fasting or the appointment of the time of Pilgrimage, etc. As a matter of fact, as religious commandments are meant for the general public, the system used is always such as may be easily understandable by the common people. All commandments relating to a fixed time are therefore based on the visible part of the solar or the lunar system of reckoning time, as the case may be. Changes in the position of the sun during the day are visible but the beginning of a solar month is not visible. On the other hand, the appearance of a new moon in the beginning of a lunar month is visible. Therefore Islam has made use of both; and the solar system is as much Islamic as the lunar system.
The clause, and it is not righteousness that you come into houses by the backs thereof, points to a very important principle that the real purpose in appointing different acts of worship is the intrinsic usefulness thereof and not that to each change of time there should be attached an act of worship. Therefore the question, resulting from the over-eagerness of the Faithful, that, like fasting, there may be prescribed other acts of worship relating to other months also, was like approaching a house not through its door but by "the back thereof". The primary thing was worship and time was only secondary, but those who put the question wanted to make time primary and worship merely secondary. This was like putting the cart before the horse.
The clause also means that one should adopt the right course to attain an object. Every end can be attained by having recourse to certain means. Similarly, certain ways have been prescribed by God for winning His pleasure and attaining His nearness. People should faithfully stick to these and not devise ways of their own. By doing so, they will only suffer trouble, and gain nothing.
It is also on record that it was the practice among the idolaters of Arabia that when they left their homes and started on Pilgrimage to Mecca, then if for some purpose or object they had to come back to their houses, they did not enter them by their doors, but climbed into them by their back walls (Bukhari, ch. on Tafsir). Islam does not approve of such meaningless practices.
a
2:198; 9:36.
b
2:178.
217
Islam has made use of both the lunar and solar systems for measuring time. Where worship is to be performed in different parts of the day the solar system of reckoning time is used, as in the five daily Prayers or for the beginning and the breaking of the daily fast; and where worship is to be completed within a particular month or part thereof, the lunar system is used, as in selecting the month of fasting or the appointment of the time of Pilgrimage, etc. Thus Islam has made use of both the systems; so the solar system is as much Islamic as the lunar system.
218
The clause points to a very important principle that the real purpose in prescribing different acts of worship is the intrinsic usefulness thereof and not that every change of time should have attached to it an act of worship. Therefore the question, arising from the over-eagerness of the Faithful, that, like fasting, there may be prescribed other acts of worship in other months also, was like approaching a house not through its door but by "the back thereof." The primary thing is worship and time is only secondary, but those who put the question wanted to make time a primary, and worship merely a secondary thing. This was like putting the cart before the horse. The reference also seems to be to a practice of the pagan Arabs that when they had once started on Pilgrimage to Mecca, if for any reason they had to come back, they would enter their houses from their backs by scaling over the walls. The verse condemns such practices, pointing out that they do not constitute virtue which is a spiritual concept, an
أَوَلَمْ يَرَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوٓا۟ أَنَّ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضَ كَانَتَا رَتْقًا فَفَتَقْنَٰهُمَا ۖ وَجَعَلْنَا مِنَ ٱلْمَآءِ كُلَّ شَىْءٍ حَىٍّ ۖ أَفَلَا يُؤْمِنُونَ
这节经文指出一个伟大的科学真理。它似乎指的是宇宙在物质以前的阶段, 意思说整个宇宙, 尤其是太阳系, 是从一种混沌不清的一团中发展出来的。安拉按照他所运用的法则使这一团物质分裂成为散开的小块, 变成太阳系的各个组成部分。{哈罗尔德•里查德 (Harold Richard) 的 «宇宙概况» 与费雷德•霍伊尔 (Fred Hoyle) 的 «宇宙的性质»}。然后安拉从水中创造生命。这节经文似乎还意示, 像物质的宇宙一样, 一个精神的宇宙也是从混乱的思想和愚蠢的信念的一团混沌中发展出来的。正如安拉以他绝对正确的智慧在进行最高的计划时把一团物质分裂开来使它分散的部分变成太阳系的组成部分那样, 他在这翻滚在混浊泥潭中的世界上同样创造了一种精神的新秩序。当人类陷入道德堕落的而不能逾越的黑暗时, 精神上就觉得压得透不过气来。安拉派遣他的使者震憾了笼罩着的精神黑暗, 使人们见到光明, 从道德败坏和精神衰退的混沌不清和毫无生气的一团中诞生出一个精神宇宙, 它开始从中心向四周延伸, 最终将遍布全世界, 并在它的带动之下获得活力和方向。
یعنی جب تک خداتعالیٰ نے وحی نہ بھیجی آسمان و زمین کی ہدایت کا کوئی سامان نہ ہوا مگر جب ہم نے اس کو کھولا اور وحی نازل کی تب ہدایت کا سامان پیدا ہوا اور ثابت ہوا کہ وحی الٰہی کے بغیر کوئی زندگی نہیں۔ تعجب ہے کہ یہ لوگ پھر بھی ایمان نہیں لاتے۔
موجودہ سائنس نے بھی یہ ثابت کر دیا ہے کہ جب کوئی نیا نظام شمسی پیدا ہوتا ہے تو پہلے وہ ایک گیند کی طرح ہوتا ہے۔ پھر اندرونی چکر سے اس کے کنارے دور دور پھینکے جاتے ہیں اور نئے کُرّے بن جاتے ہیں جو اندرونی محور کے گرد چکر کھانے لگ جاتے ہیں۔ اور ایک نیا نظام شمسی بن جاتا ہے۔
The verse points to a great scientific truth. It seems to refer to the pre-material stage of the universe and purports to say that the whole universe, particularly the solar system, has developed out of an amorphous or nebular mass. God, in accordance with the laws which He had set in motion, split the mass of matter, and its scattered bits became the units of the solar system ("The Universe Surveyed" by Harold Richards, & "The Nature of the Universe" by Fred Hoyle). God then created all life out of water. The verse seems to imply that like the material universe a spiritual universe also develops out of an amorphous mass of confused ideas and foolish beliefs. Just as God in His infallible wisdom and in pursuance of a supreme design split the mass of matter and its scattered bits became the units of the solar system, in the same way He brings about a new spiritual order in a world weltering in the morass of confused ideas. When mankind sink into an impenetrable gloom of moral turpitude, and spiritual at
Important Words:
رتقا (a closed-up mass) is inf. noun from رتق (rataqa). They say رتق الثوب i.e. he repaired or sewed up the cloth. رتق الشیء means, he repaired or closed up the thing. رتق is the contrary of فتق. The expression فتق المسک means, he took out the musk from the bladder of deer.فتق الثواب means, he slit, rent or opened up the cloth. They say رتق فتقھم i.e. he closed up the breach that was between them; he reconciled them. The Arabs say: ھو الراتق والفاتق i.e. he is the reformer of the affair. The word رتقhere means, ذواتی رتق i.e. things closed up, or better a closed-up mass, and فتق refers to the splitting of the amorphous mass or to the throwing off of the planets of the solar system.
Commentary:
The verse, by pointing to a great scientific truth, draws attention to a spiritual phenomenon of equally great importance. It refers to the pre-material stage of the universe and purports to say that the heavens and the earth or the whole universe or particularly the solar system has developed out of an amorphous or nebular mass. God, in accordance with the laws which He had set in motion, split the mass of matter, and its scattered bits became the units of the solar system ("The Universe Surveyed" by Harold Richards, and "The Nature of the Universe" by Fred Hoyle). God then created all life out of water. The verse seems to imply that like the material universe a spiritual universe also develops out of an amorphous mass of confused ideas and foolish beliefs. Just as God in His infallible wisdom and in pursuance of a great design split the mass of matter and its scattered bits became the units of the solar system, in the same way He brings about a new spiritual order in a world weltering in the morass of confused ideas. When mankind sinks into an impenetrable gloom of moral turpitude and spiritual atmosphere becomes dense and oppressive, God causes a light to appear in the form of a Heavenly Messenger who shakes up the overspreading spiritual gloom, and out of this confused and lifeless mass of moral depravity and spiritual degeneration a spiritual universe is born which begins to reach out from its centre and eventually embraces the whole earth, receiving life and direction from the impetus behind it. Just as all physical life is created from water, so does spiritual universe receive life from heavenly water which is Divine revelation. See also General Introduction.
The words "the heavens and the earth were a closed-up mass," in a physical sense may signify that there is no rain from heaven, and the earth becomes parched and dried up and grows no vegetation, and life tends to become extinct. Spiritually speaking they may mean that there is a cessation of Divine revelation and the hearts and brains of men become corrupt and spiritual darkness enshrouds the entire face of the earth. Thus the whole verse may refer both to the general physical phenomenon and to the cessation of Divine revelation. The words "then We opened them out," may refer to the throwing off of the planets of the solar system. Physically speaking they would mean that God sends down rain from heaven, and spiritually speaking they may signify that Divine revelation descends i.e. a Prophet is raised to whom God reveals Himself and to whom He vouchsafes His Word.
Again spiritually speaking the words "And We made from water everything living" signify that when the period of the cessation of revelation which has been called فترة in the Quran (5:20) ends, God sends a Messenger, who by means of Divine revelation, brings about complete moral revolution among his people and gives, as it were, new life to a spiritually dead people. Alluding to the physical phenomenon the words would mean that when on account of a long period of drought the earth becomes parched and dry, God sends down fresh rain from heaven and the earth begins to bloom and blossom and vibrate with a new life. Thus briefly the verse signifies that as no physical life can exist without water, similarly no spiritual life is possible without the water of Divine revelation.
833
这节经文指出一个伟大的科学真理。它似乎指的是宇宙在物质以前的阶段, 意思说整个宇宙, 尤其是太阳系, 是从一种混沌不清的一团中发展出来的。安拉按照他所运用的法则使这一团物质分裂成为散开的小块, 变成太阳系的各个组成部分。{哈罗尔德•里查德 (Harold Richard) 的 «宇宙概况» 与费雷德•霍伊尔 (Fred Hoyle) 的 «宇宙的性质»}。然后安拉从水中创造生命。这节经文似乎还意示, 像物质的宇宙一样, 一个精神的宇宙也是从混乱的思想和愚蠢的信念的一团混沌中发展出来的。正如安拉以他绝对正确的智慧在进行最高的计划时把一团物质分裂开来使它分散的部分变成太阳系的组成部分那样, 他在这翻滚在混浊泥潭中的世界上同样创造了一种精神的新秩序。当人类陷入道德堕落的而不能逾越的黑暗时, 精神上就觉得压得透不过气来。安拉派遣他的使者震憾了笼罩着的精神黑暗, 使人们见到光明, 从道德败坏和精神衰退的混沌不清和毫无生气的一团中诞生出一个精神宇宙, 它开始从中心向四周延伸, 最终将遍布全世界, 并在它的带动之下获得活力和方向。
1
یعنی جب تک خداتعالیٰ نے وحی نہ بھیجی آسمان و زمین کی ہدایت کا کوئی سامان نہ ہوا مگر جب ہم نے اس کو کھولا اور وحی نازل کی تب ہدایت کا سامان پیدا ہوا اور ثابت ہوا کہ وحی الٰہی کے بغیر کوئی زندگی نہیں۔ تعجب ہے کہ یہ لوگ پھر بھی ایمان نہیں لاتے۔
موجودہ سائنس نے بھی یہ ثابت کر دیا ہے کہ جب کوئی نیا نظام شمسی پیدا ہوتا ہے تو پہلے وہ ایک گیند کی طرح ہوتا ہے۔ پھر اندرونی چکر سے اس کے کنارے دور دور پھینکے جاتے ہیں اور نئے کُرّے بن جاتے ہیں جو اندرونی محور کے گرد چکر کھانے لگ جاتے ہیں۔ اور ایک نیا نظام شمسی بن جاتا ہے۔
2371
Important Words:
رتقا (a closed-up mass) is inf. noun from رتق (rataqa). They say رتق الثوب i.e. he repaired or sewed up the cloth. رتق الشیء means, he repaired or closed up the thing. رتق is the contrary of فتق. The expression فتق المسک means, he took out the musk from the bladder of deer.فتق الثواب means, he slit, rent or opened up the cloth. They say رتق فتقھم i.e. he closed up the breach that was between them; he reconciled them. The Arabs say: ھو الراتق والفاتق i.e. he is the reformer of the affair. The word رتقhere means, ذواتی رتق i.e. things closed up, or better a closed-up mass, and فتق refers to the splitting of the amorphous mass or to the throwing off of the planets of the solar system.
Commentary:
The verse, by pointing to a great scientific truth, draws attention to a spiritual phenomenon of equally great importance. It refers to the pre-material stage of the universe and purports to say that the heavens and the earth or the whole universe or particularly the solar system has developed out of an amorphous or nebular mass. God, in accordance with the laws which He had set in motion, split the mass of matter, and its scattered bits became the units of the solar system ("The Universe Surveyed" by Harold Richards, and "The Nature of the Universe" by Fred Hoyle). God then created all life out of water. The verse seems to imply that like the material universe a spiritual universe also develops out of an amorphous mass of confused ideas and foolish beliefs. Just as God in His infallible wisdom and in pursuance of a great design split the mass of matter and its scattered bits became the units of the solar system, in the same way He brings about a new spiritual order in a world weltering in the morass of confused ideas. When mankind sinks into an impenetrable gloom of moral turpitude and spiritual atmosphere becomes dense and oppressive, God causes a light to appear in the form of a Heavenly Messenger who shakes up the overspreading spiritual gloom, and out of this confused and lifeless mass of moral depravity and spiritual degeneration a spiritual universe is born which begins to reach out from its centre and eventually embraces the whole earth, receiving life and direction from the impetus behind it. Just as all physical life is created from water, so does spiritual universe receive life from heavenly water which is Divine revelation. See also General Introduction.
The words "the heavens and the earth were a closed-up mass," in a physical sense may signify that there is no rain from heaven, and the earth becomes parched and dried up and grows no vegetation, and life tends to become extinct. Spiritually speaking they may mean that there is a cessation of Divine revelation and the hearts and brains of men become corrupt and spiritual darkness enshrouds the entire face of the earth. Thus the whole verse may refer both to the general physical phenomenon and to the cessation of Divine revelation. The words "then We opened them out," may refer to the throwing off of the planets of the solar system. Physically speaking they would mean that God sends down rain from heaven, and spiritually speaking they may signify that Divine revelation descends i.e. a Prophet is raised to whom God reveals Himself and to whom He vouchsafes His Word.
Again spiritually speaking the words "And We made from water everything living" signify that when the period of the cessation of revelation which has been called فترة in the Quran (5:20) ends, God sends a Messenger, who by means of Divine revelation, brings about complete moral revolution among his people and gives, as it were, new life to a spiritually dead people. Alluding to the physical phenomenon the words would mean that when on account of a long period of drought the earth becomes parched and dry, God sends down fresh rain from heaven and the earth begins to bloom and blossom and vibrate with a new life. Thus briefly the verse signifies that as no physical life can exist without water, similarly no spiritual life is possible without the water of Divine revelation.
1884
The verse points to a great scientific truth. It seems to refer to the pre-material stage of the universe and purports to say that the whole universe, particularly the solar system, has developed out of an amorphous or nebular mass. God, in accordance with the laws which He had set in motion, split the mass of matter, and its scattered bits became the units of the solar system ("The Universe Surveyed" by Harold Richards, & "The Nature of the Universe" by Fred Hoyle). God then created all life out of water. The verse seems to imply that like the material universe a spiritual universe also develops out of an amorphous mass of confused ideas and foolish beliefs. Just as God in His infallible wisdom and in pursuance of a supreme design split the mass of matter and its scattered bits became the units of the solar system, in the same way He brings about a new spiritual order in a world weltering in the morass of confused ideas. When mankind sink into an impenetrable gloom of moral turpitude, and spiritual at
وَجَعَلْنَا فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ رَوَٰسِىَ أَن تَمِيدَ بِهِمْ وَجَعَلْنَا فِيهَا فِجَاجًا سُبُلًا لَّعَلَّهُمْ يَهْتَدُونَ
13:4; 15:20; 16:16; 31:11; 77:28.
اَنْ تَمِيْدَبِهِمْ (an Tamida Bihim) 这一用语的意思是:免得它震动而使他们不得安宁; 成为他们利益的来源; 和他们一起四处走动; مَادَ (Mada) 也意味着, 他给予好处 (اَقْرَبْ, Aqrab)。这节经文还清楚地说明另一科学真理。地质学证实山脉在很大程度上保护大地免受地震。地球在开始时内部是非常热的。当炽热的气体在地球的腹部形成后就要向外挤压出来, 这样就形成火山的震动和喷发, 冷却后就形成山脉, (“Marvels & Mysteries of Science” by Allison Hox; & Enc. Brit. under “Geology”) 这节经文也可以意指, 山脉对地球的稳定自转有极大的好处。«古兰经»说地球在被发现以前早已在 ‘转动’, 它不是静止不动, 而是环绕着太阳自转地移动着的。
13:4; 15:20; 16:16; 31:11; 77:28.
The expression, an Tamida Bihim, means, lest it should quake with them; go round with them; be a source of benefit to them; Mada also meaning, he bestowed a benefit (Aqrab). The verse throws light on yet another scientific truth. Geology has established the fact that mountains have, to a great extent, secured the earth against earthquakes. In the beginning the earth was very hot from inside. When as the result of the intense heat gases were formed in the bowels of the earth, they forced a way out, thus causing violent agitations and eruptions in the form of volcanoes, which having cooled down took the shape of mountains ("Marvels & Mysteries of Science" by Allison Hox; & Enc. Brit. under "Geology"). The verse may also signify that the mountains are a great help to the earth in moving steadily on its axis. The Qur’an spoke of the earth as 'moving round' long before it was discovered that it was not stationary and moved on its axis and round the sun.
13:4; 15:20; 16:16; 31:11; 77:28.
Important Words:
ان تمید بھم (lest it should quake with them). تمید is derived from ماد which means, it (a thing)was or became in a state of violent motion or commotion; it was or became violently agitated; it turned about or became contorted and convulsed; it quivered or trembled; he bestowed a benefit or favour. مادت به الارض means, the earth went round with him. The expression ان تمید بھم means, lest it should quake with them, be convulsed with them and go round with them and move about violently (Lane & Aqrab). See also 16:16.
فجاجاً (wide pathways) is the plural of فج which is noun-infinitive from فج (fajja) which means, he opened or separated his two legs while walking. فجت الناقة means, the she-camel opened out her hinder legs for being milked. فج means, a wide and open pathway between two mountains (Aqrab).
Commentary:
The verse throws light on yet another scientific truth. Geology has established the fact that mountains have, to a great extent, secured the earth against earthquakes. Earth-quakes were very common before mountains were created. In the beginning the earth was very hot from inside. When as the result of the intense heat gases were formed in the bowels of the earth, they tried to force a way out, thus causing violent agitations and eruptions in the form of volcanoes which having cooled down took the shape of mountains. ("Marvels and Mysteries of Science" by Allison Hox & Enc. Brit. under "Geology"). To this great scientific truth the words ان تمید بھم (lest it should quake with them) refer. Spiritually speaking the heat of sin and iniquity in the world throws out lava from its volcanoes and brings about moral destruction and then God cools down this fire by the spiritual water of Divine revelation and by means of "mountains" which spiritually speaking are Prophets and Divine Reformers.
Taking these words in the sense 'that it may go round with them,' the verse would signify that the mountains are a great help to the earth in moving steadily on its axis. The Quran spoke of the earth as "moving round" long before it was discovered that it was not stationary and moved on its axis and round the sun.
Again mountains, rivers and natural highways are among great Divine blessings. The mountains are natural reservoirs of water and vegetable and mineral wealth; the rivers constitute natural conduits for water, and natural highways make it possible for man to have access to these vast stores of Divine blessings. Spiritually speaking, 'mountains' are the Divine Prophets who are the great reservoirs of heavenly water and divine knowledge and 'highways' (which in the earth are the channels of rivers) represent righteous ulema (learned men) and divines who receive guidance from the prophets and convey it to common men. Just as rivers and streams become dried up when it does not rain on mountains, similarly pious and righteous men disappear from the world when no fresh revelation descends from heaven for a long time. Indeed revelation is as essential for spiritual life as is water for physical life.
a
13:4; 15:20; 16:16; 31:11; 77:28.
834
اَنْ تَمِيْدَبِهِمْ (an Tamida Bihim) 这一用语的意思是:免得它震动而使他们不得安宁; 成为他们利益的来源; 和他们一起四处走动; مَادَ (Mada) 也意味着, 他给予好处 (اَقْرَبْ, Aqrab)。这节经文还清楚地说明另一科学真理。地质学证实山脉在很大程度上保护大地免受地震。地球在开始时内部是非常热的。当炽热的气体在地球的腹部形成后就要向外挤压出来, 这样就形成火山的震动和喷发, 冷却后就形成山脉, (“Marvels & Mysteries of Science” by Allison Hox; & Enc. Brit. under “Geology”) 这节经文也可以意指, 山脉对地球的稳定自转有极大的好处。«古兰经»说地球在被发现以前早已在 ‘转动’, 它不是静止不动, 而是环绕着太阳自转地移动着的。
a
13:4; 15:20; 16:16; 31:11; 77:28.
2372
Important Words:
ان تمید بھم (lest it should quake with them). تمید is derived from ماد which means, it (a thing)was or became in a state of violent motion or commotion; it was or became violently agitated; it turned about or became contorted and convulsed; it quivered or trembled; he bestowed a benefit or favour. مادت به الارض means, the earth went round with him. The expression ان تمید بھم means, lest it should quake with them, be convulsed with them and go round with them and move about violently (Lane & Aqrab). See also 16:16.
فجاجاً (wide pathways) is the plural of فج which is noun-infinitive from فج (fajja) which means, he opened or separated his two legs while walking. فجت الناقة means, the she-camel opened out her hinder legs for being milked. فج means, a wide and open pathway between two mountains (Aqrab).
Commentary:
The verse throws light on yet another scientific truth. Geology has established the fact that mountains have, to a great extent, secured the earth against earthquakes. Earth-quakes were very common before mountains were created. In the beginning the earth was very hot from inside. When as the result of the intense heat gases were formed in the bowels of the earth, they tried to force a way out, thus causing violent agitations and eruptions in the form of volcanoes which having cooled down took the shape of mountains. ("Marvels and Mysteries of Science" by Allison Hox & Enc. Brit. under "Geology"). To this great scientific truth the words ان تمید بھم (lest it should quake with them) refer. Spiritually speaking the heat of sin and iniquity in the world throws out lava from its volcanoes and brings about moral destruction and then God cools down this fire by the spiritual water of Divine revelation and by means of "mountains" which spiritually speaking are Prophets and Divine Reformers.
Taking these words in the sense 'that it may go round with them,' the verse would signify that the mountains are a great help to the earth in moving steadily on its axis. The Quran spoke of the earth as "moving round" long before it was discovered that it was not stationary and moved on its axis and round the sun.
Again mountains, rivers and natural highways are among great Divine blessings. The mountains are natural reservoirs of water and vegetable and mineral wealth; the rivers constitute natural conduits for water, and natural highways make it possible for man to have access to these vast stores of Divine blessings. Spiritually speaking, 'mountains' are the Divine Prophets who are the great reservoirs of heavenly water and divine knowledge and 'highways' (which in the earth are the channels of rivers) represent righteous ulema (learned men) and divines who receive guidance from the prophets and convey it to common men. Just as rivers and streams become dried up when it does not rain on mountains, similarly pious and righteous men disappear from the world when no fresh revelation descends from heaven for a long time. Indeed revelation is as essential for spiritual life as is water for physical life.
a
13:4; 15:20; 16:16; 31:11; 77:28.
1885
The expression, an Tamida Bihim, means, lest it should quake with them; go round with them; be a source of benefit to them; Mada also meaning, he bestowed a benefit (Aqrab). The verse throws light on yet another scientific truth. Geology has established the fact that mountains have, to a great extent, secured the earth against earthquakes. In the beginning the earth was very hot from inside. When as the result of the intense heat gases were formed in the bowels of the earth, they forced a way out, thus causing violent agitations and eruptions in the form of volcanoes, which having cooled down took the shape of mountains ("Marvels & Mysteries of Science" by Allison Hox; & Enc. Brit. under "Geology"). The verse may also signify that the mountains are a great help to the earth in moving steadily on its axis. The Qur’an spoke of the earth as 'moving round' long before it was discovered that it was not stationary and moved on its axis and round the sun.
وَجَعَلْنَا ٱلسَّمَآءَ سَقْفًا مَّحْفُوظًا ۖ وَهُمْ عَنْ ءَايَٰتِهَا مُعْرِضُونَ
The solar system with its sun, moon, planets and stars is a well- ordered and well-regulated system which has existed for millions of years, never having once suffered the slightest disorder or deviation in the movements of these bodies. These heavenly bodies exercise a very wholesome influence on the terrestrial globe and its inhabitants. Just as a roof is a means of protection from rain, cold and heat for the residents of a house, similarly the heaven serves as a protection for the earth below and heavenly bodies exert their beneficial influence upon mankind.
Commentary:
The solar system with its sun, moon, planets and stars is a well-ordered and well-regulated system which has existed for millions of years, never having once suffered from the slightest disorder or deviation in the movements of these bodies. These heavenly bodies exercise a very wholesome influence on the terrestrial globe and its inhabitants. Just as a roof is a means of protection from rain, cold and heat for the residents of a house, similarly the heaven serves as a protection for the earth below and heavenly bodies exert their beneficial influence upon mankind. The spiritual universe also has its heaven with its sun, moon, planets and stars.
These bodies of the spiritual heaven also exert their influence on the spiritual life of men. They illumine their lives and provide for them guidance in the night of spiritual darkness. Spiritually speaking the implication in the words "a roof well-protected" is that astrologers and diviners have no access to divine secrets.
2373
Commentary:
The solar system with its sun, moon, planets and stars is a well-ordered and well-regulated system which has existed for millions of years, never having once suffered from the slightest disorder or deviation in the movements of these bodies. These heavenly bodies exercise a very wholesome influence on the terrestrial globe and its inhabitants. Just as a roof is a means of protection from rain, cold and heat for the residents of a house, similarly the heaven serves as a protection for the earth below and heavenly bodies exert their beneficial influence upon mankind. The spiritual universe also has its heaven with its sun, moon, planets and stars.
These bodies of the spiritual heaven also exert their influence on the spiritual life of men. They illumine their lives and provide for them guidance in the night of spiritual darkness. Spiritually speaking the implication in the words "a roof well-protected" is that astrologers and diviners have no access to divine secrets.
1886
The solar system with its sun, moon, planets and stars is a well- ordered and well-regulated system which has existed for millions of years, never having once suffered the slightest disorder or deviation in the movements of these bodies. These heavenly bodies exercise a very wholesome influence on the terrestrial globe and its inhabitants. Just as a roof is a means of protection from rain, cold and heat for the residents of a house, similarly the heaven serves as a protection for the earth below and heavenly bodies exert their beneficial influence upon mankind.
وَهُوَ ٱلَّذِى خَلَقَ ٱلَّيْلَ وَٱلنَّهَارَ وَٱلشَّمْسَ وَٱلْقَمَرَ ۖ كُلٌّ فِى فَلَكٍ يَسْبَحُونَ
36:41.
Important Words:
فلک (orbit) is derived from فلک (falaka). They say فلک ثدی الجاریة i.e. the breast of the girl became round. فلک means, the place of the revolving of the stars i.e. the celestial sphere, the vault of heavens or the firmament (Lane & Aqrab).
یسبحون (gliding along) is derived from سبح. They say سبح الرجل i.e. the man slept and took rest; he went far off in his walk. سبح فی الکلام means, he talked much. سبح فی الماء means, he glided along in the water and took great delight in it. The word is used metaphorically with regard to the floating or gliding of the stars and about the swift and smooth running of the horse (Aqrab).
Commentary:
Spiritually speaking the sun stands for the Law-bearing Prophets, particularly the Holy Prophet of Islam, and the moon for those Reformers and Prophets who borrow their spiritual light from the Law-bearing Prophets. 'The day' represents the time when a new Prophet makes his appearance in the world and fresh revelation comes down from heaven and 'the night' represents that period when there is spiritual darkness all round and no revelation comes from God.
The verse means to say that the night and the day, the sun and the moon have all been created by God and serve a definite purpose. They all fulfil human needs and are indispensable for man’s existence on earth. The significance of the present and the preceding verse is that when God has taken so much care to provide for the physical and material needs of man, it is impossible even to think that He should have neglected to make a similar provision for his spiritual needs.
b
36:41.
835
昼夜、日月, 都是安拉创造的。它们都满足了人类的需要, 是人类在大地上生存所不可或缺的条件。
a
36:41.
2374
Important Words:
فلک (orbit) is derived from فلک (falaka). They say فلک ثدی الجاریة i.e. the breast of the girl became round. فلک means, the place of the revolving of the stars i.e. the celestial sphere, the vault of heavens or the firmament (Lane & Aqrab).
یسبحون (gliding along) is derived from سبح. They say سبح الرجل i.e. the man slept and took rest; he went far off in his walk. سبح فی الکلام means, he talked much. سبح فی الماء means, he glided along in the water and took great delight in it. The word is used metaphorically with regard to the floating or gliding of the stars and about the swift and smooth running of the horse (Aqrab).
Commentary:
Spiritually speaking the sun stands for the Law-bearing Prophets, particularly the Holy Prophet of Islam, and the moon for those Reformers and Prophets who borrow their spiritual light from the Law-bearing Prophets. 'The day' represents the time when a new Prophet makes his appearance in the world and fresh revelation comes down from heaven and 'the night' represents that period when there is spiritual darkness all round and no revelation comes from God.
The verse means to say that the night and the day, the sun and the moon have all been created by God and serve a definite purpose. They all fulfil human needs and are indispensable for man’s existence on earth. The significance of the present and the preceding verse is that when God has taken so much care to provide for the physical and material needs of man, it is impossible even to think that He should have neglected to make a similar provision for his spiritual needs.
b
36:41.
1886A
The night and the day, the sun and the moon have all been created by God and they all fulfil human needs and are indispensable for man’s existence on earth.
وَمِنْ ءَايَٰتِهِۦٓ أَن تَقُومَ ٱلسَّمَآءُ وَٱلْأَرْضُ بِأَمْرِهِۦ ۚ ثُمَّ إِذَا دَعَاكُمْ دَعْوَةً مِّنَ ٱلْأَرْضِ إِذَآ أَنتُمْ تَخْرُجُونَ
35:42.
35:42.
Long ages have passed since the solar system came into being, yet nothing has gone wrong with it. Such is God’s handiwork that planets keep their orbits without any visible support.
22:66; 35:42.
Commentary:
At another place in the Quran we have: "Who raised up the heavens without any pillars that you can see" (13:3). Long ages have passed since this solar system came into being, yet nothing has gone wrong with it. Such is God’s handiwork that stars keep their orbits without any visible support. The law of gravitation which is supposed to keep them in their respective positions was discovered long afterwards. This fact too points to God’s great powers and control over the universe. See also 13:3.
e
35:42.
d
22:66; 35:42.
3007
Commentary:
At another place in the Quran we have: "Who raised up the heavens without any pillars that you can see" (13:3). Long ages have passed since this solar system came into being, yet nothing has gone wrong with it. Such is God’s handiwork that stars keep their orbits without any visible support. The law of gravitation which is supposed to keep them in their respective positions was discovered long afterwards. This fact too points to God’s great powers and control over the universe. See also 13:3.
e
35:42.
2281
Long ages have passed since the solar system came into being, yet nothing has gone wrong with it. Such is God’s handiwork that planets keep their orbits without any visible support.
وَٱلْقَمَرَ قَدَّرْنَٰهُ مَنَازِلَ حَتَّىٰ عَادَ كَٱلْعُرْجُونِ ٱلْقَدِيمِ
10:6.
مطلب یہ ہے کہ جب چاند دوبارہ ظاہر ہوتا ہے تو یوں معلوم ہوتا ہے کہ ایک مڑی ہوئی درخت کی پرانی شاخ ہے۔
10:6.
10:6.
Commentary:
As in the spiritual sense the sun stands for a Law-bearing Prophet, so does the moon represent a Prophet who follows the Shari‘ah of the Law-bearing Prophet and who derives all spiritual light and life from him.
d
10:6.
2
مطلب یہ ہے کہ جب چاند دوبارہ ظاہر ہوتا ہے تو یوں معلوم ہوتا ہے کہ ایک مڑی ہوئی درخت کی پرانی شاخ ہے۔
c
10:6.
3240
Commentary:
As in the spiritual sense the sun stands for a Law-bearing Prophet, so does the moon represent a Prophet who follows the Shari‘ah of the Law-bearing Prophet and who derives all spiritual light and life from him.
a
10:6.
لَا ٱلشَّمْسُ يَنۢبَغِى لَهَآ أَن تُدْرِكَ ٱلْقَمَرَ وَلَا ٱلَّيْلُ سَابِقُ ٱلنَّهَارِ ۚ وَكُلٌّ فِى فَلَكٍ يَسْبَحُونَ
اس آیت میں یہ بتایا گیا ہے کہ چاند کو بھی طاقت نہیں کہ وہ سورج کے قریب چلا جائے‘ کیونکہ اس صورت میں بھی تباہی آجاتی ہے۔
چونکہ یہاں یہ بتانا مقصود ہے کہ ان کے چلنے میں کوئی روک نہیں‘ اس لئے یَسْبَحُوْنَ کا لفظ استعمال کیا گیا۔ جس کے معنے تیرنے کے ہیں۔ مراد یہ ہے کہ وہ سہولت کے ساتھ چلتے چلے جاتے ہیں۔ اور کوئی روک ان کے راستہ میں پیدا نہیں ہوتی۔ یعنی کوئی سیّارہ دوسرے سیّارے کے راستہ میں آکر اس کو تباہ نہیں کرتا۔
25:63.
21:34.
The reference in this verse is to the floating of the heavenly bodies through space or ether. The Qur’an contradicted the view held for a long time that the heavens were solid in their formation. It is characteristic of the Qur’an that it uses expressions which not only contradict erroneous views and ideas but also anticipate new discoveries in the domain of science and philosophy. The verse also points to the excellent design and order that pervade the entire universe; all the celestial and terrestrial bodies performing their allotted tasks regularly, punctually and unerringly, without trespassing on one another’s sphere of action. The solar system is but one of hundreds of millions of systems, some of which are incalculably larger than it. Yet the countless millions of suns and stars profusely scattered over the immense void are so arranged and distributed in relation to one another as to secure the safety of one and all and to produce everywhere harmony and beauty. Each orb is reflecting the orbit
25:63.
21:34.
Important Words:
یسبحون (float) is derived from سبح which means, he swam. They say تسبح النجوم فی الفلک i.e. the stars swim, float or glide along swiftly in the firmament (Aqrab & Lane).
Commentary:
The reference in this verse is to the floating of the heavenly bodies through space or ether. The Quran contradicted the view held for a long time that the heavens were solid in their formation. It is characteristic of the Quran that it uses expressions which not only contradict erroneous religious beliefs and scientific views but also anticipate new discoveries in the domain of science and philosophy. It has revealed, in plain simple language, scientific truths which were unknown to the world at the time of its revelation and which even remained hidden for centuries afterwards. This alone constitutes sufficient proof that the Quran is the revealed Word of Him Who is the Supreme Source of all knowledge and from Whom nothing is hidden.
The verse also points to the excellent design and order that pervades the entire universe; all the celestial and terrestrial bodies performing their allotted tasks regularly, punctually and unerringly, without trespassing on one another’s sphere of action. "The solar system is but one of hundreds of millions of systems, some of which are incalculably larger than it. Yet the countless millions of suns and stars profusely scattered over the immense void are so arranged and distributed in relation to one another as to secure the safety of one and all and to produce everywhere harmony and beauty. Each orb is reflecting the orbit of every other, yet each proceeds safely on its destined way, and all united, form a glorious harmony of structure and motion." This immaculate design and perfect order pervading the universe unerringly points to a Designer and Controller behind it.
e
25:63.
f
21:34.
1
اس آیت میں یہ بتایا گیا ہے کہ چاند کو بھی طاقت نہیں کہ وہ سورج کے قریب چلا جائے‘ کیونکہ اس صورت میں بھی تباہی آجاتی ہے۔
2
چونکہ یہاں یہ بتانا مقصود ہے کہ ان کے چلنے میں کوئی روک نہیں‘ اس لئے یَسْبَحُوْنَ کا لفظ استعمال کیا گیا۔ جس کے معنے تیرنے کے ہیں۔ مراد یہ ہے کہ وہ سہولت کے ساتھ چلتے چلے جاتے ہیں۔ اور کوئی روک ان کے راستہ میں پیدا نہیں ہوتی۔ یعنی کوئی سیّارہ دوسرے سیّارے کے راستہ میں آکر اس کو تباہ نہیں کرتا۔
a
25:63.
b
21:34.
3241
Important Words:
یسبحون (float) is derived from سبح which means, he swam. They say تسبح النجوم فی الفلک i.e. the stars swim, float or glide along swiftly in the firmament (Aqrab & Lane).
Commentary:
The reference in this verse is to the floating of the heavenly bodies through space or ether. The Quran contradicted the view held for a long time that the heavens were solid in their formation. It is characteristic of the Quran that it uses expressions which not only contradict erroneous religious beliefs and scientific views but also anticipate new discoveries in the domain of science and philosophy. It has revealed, in plain simple language, scientific truths which were unknown to the world at the time of its revelation and which even remained hidden for centuries afterwards. This alone constitutes sufficient proof that the Quran is the revealed Word of Him Who is the Supreme Source of all knowledge and from Whom nothing is hidden.
The verse also points to the excellent design and order that pervades the entire universe; all the celestial and terrestrial bodies performing their allotted tasks regularly, punctually and unerringly, without trespassing on one another’s sphere of action. "The solar system is but one of hundreds of millions of systems, some of which are incalculably larger than it. Yet the countless millions of suns and stars profusely scattered over the immense void are so arranged and distributed in relation to one another as to secure the safety of one and all and to produce everywhere harmony and beauty. Each orb is reflecting the orbit of every other, yet each proceeds safely on its destined way, and all united, form a glorious harmony of structure and motion." This immaculate design and perfect order pervading the universe unerringly points to a Designer and Controller behind it.
b
25:63.
c
21:34.
2446
The reference in this verse is to the floating of the heavenly bodies through space or ether. The Qur’an contradicted the view held for a long time that the heavens were solid in their formation. It is characteristic of the Qur’an that it uses expressions which not only contradict erroneous views and ideas but also anticipate new discoveries in the domain of science and philosophy. The verse also points to the excellent design and order that pervade the entire universe; all the celestial and terrestrial bodies performing their allotted tasks regularly, punctually and unerringly, without trespassing on one another’s sphere of action. The solar system is but one of hundreds of millions of systems, some of which are incalculably larger than it. Yet the countless millions of suns and stars profusely scattered over the immense void are so arranged and distributed in relation to one another as to secure the safety of one and all and to produce everywhere harmony and beauty. Each orb is reflecting the orbit
فَقَضَىٰهُنَّ سَبْعَ سَمَٰوَاتٍ فِى يَوْمَيْنِ وَأَوْحَىٰ فِى كُلِّ سَمَآءٍ أَمْرَهَا ۚ وَزَيَّنَّا ٱلسَّمَآءَ ٱلدُّنْيَا بِمَصَٰبِيحَ وَحِفْظًا ۚ ذَٰلِكَ تَقْدِيرُ ٱلْعَزِيزِ ٱلْعَلِيمِ
15:17; 37:7; 67:6.
第10和第11节经文论到, 大地的造化用了两天时间, 在大地上安拉安排山河等并使动植物生长又花了两天时间。但是这一节经文提到, 和大地一样, 太阳系及其恒星和卫星的形成也花了两天时间。因此全宇宙的形成共用了六天, 这时间和7:55和50:39章节中的时间很吻合。如把 يَوْم (Yaum) 作 “阶段” 解, 第10、11节和第13节合在一起的意思就是:整个物质宇宙由六个阶段完成。宇宙创造之后, 人类开始存在, 创造人类也由六个阶段完成 (23:13-15)。
15:17; 37:7; 67:6.
In vv. 10 and 11 it is stated that the making of the earth took two days and the placing on it of the mountains, rivers, etc. and of vegetable and animal life, another two days. In the present verse, however, it is mentioned that like the earth the solar system with its planets and satellites took two days to become complete. Thus the whole universe came into existence in six days or periods which is quite in harmony with vv. 7:55 and 50:39. Taking the word Yaum in the sense of 'stage,' the three vv. 10, 11 and 13 taken together would mean that the whole physical universe was completed in six stages. After the creation of the universe, man came into existence and his creation also was completed in six stages (23:13-15).
15:17; 37:7; 67:6.
15:18.
Commentary:
In vv. 10 and 11 above it is stated that the making of the earth took two days and the placing on it of the mountains, rivers, etc., and of vegetable and animal life, another two days. In the present verse, however, it is mentioned that like the earth the solar system with its planets and satellites also took two days to become complete. Thus the whole universe came into existence in six days or periods which is quite in harmony with vv. 7:55 and 50:39. Taking the word یوم in the sense of "stage," the three vv.10, 11 and 13 taken together would mean that the whole physical universe was completed in six stages. After the creation of the universe, man was created, whose creation also was completed in six stages. See also 23:13-15.
a
15:17; 37:7; 67:6.
1181
第10和第11节经文论到, 大地的造化用了两天时间, 在大地上安拉安排山河等并使动植物生长又花了两天时间。但是这一节经文提到, 和大地一样, 太阳系及其恒星和卫星的形成也花了两天时间。因此全宇宙的形成共用了六天, 这时间和7:55和50:39章节中的时间很吻合。如把 يَوْم (Yaum) 作 “阶段” 解, 第10、11节和第13节合在一起的意思就是:整个物质宇宙由六个阶段完成。宇宙创造之后, 人类开始存在, 创造人类也由六个阶段完成 (23:13-15)。
a
15:17; 37:7; 67:6.
b
15:18.
3565
Commentary:
In vv. 10 and 11 above it is stated that the making of the earth took two days and the placing on it of the mountains, rivers, etc., and of vegetable and animal life, another two days. In the present verse, however, it is mentioned that like the earth the solar system with its planets and satellites also took two days to become complete. Thus the whole universe came into existence in six days or periods which is quite in harmony with vv. 7:55 and 50:39. Taking the word یوم in the sense of "stage," the three vv.10, 11 and 13 taken together would mean that the whole physical universe was completed in six stages. After the creation of the universe, man was created, whose creation also was completed in six stages. See also 23:13-15.
a
15:17; 37:7; 67:6.
2627
In vv. 10 and 11 it is stated that the making of the earth took two days and the placing on it of the mountains, rivers, etc. and of vegetable and animal life, another two days. In the present verse, however, it is mentioned that like the earth the solar system with its planets and satellites took two days to become complete. Thus the whole universe came into existence in six days or periods which is quite in harmony with vv. 7:55 and 50:39. Taking the word Yaum in the sense of 'stage,' the three vv. 10, 11 and 13 taken together would mean that the whole physical universe was completed in six stages. After the creation of the universe, man came into existence and his creation also was completed in six stages (23:13-15).
ٱلشَّمْسُ وَٱلْقَمَرُ بِحُسْبَانٍ
6:97; 36:39, 40.
6:97; 36:39, 40.
c
6:97; 36:39, 40.
c
6:97; 10:6; 36:39-40.
4047
Commentary:
See next verse.
c
6:97; 36:39, 40.
ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِى خَلَقَ سَبْعَ سَمَٰوَٰتٍ وَمِنَ ٱلْأَرْضِ مِثْلَهُنَّ يَتَنَزَّلُ ٱلْأَمْرُ بَيْنَهُنَّ لِتَعْلَمُوٓا۟ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىْءٍ قَدِيرٌ وَأَنَّ ٱللَّهَ قَدْ أَحَاطَ بِكُلِّ شَىْءٍ عِلْمًۢا
اس جگہ اَرْض اسمِ جنس کے طور پر استعمال ہوا ہے جو مفرد اور جمع دونوں معنے دیتا ہے۔ اس لئے ہم نے زمینیں ترجمہ کیا ہے ’’زمین‘‘ ترجمہ نہیں کیا۔
خواہ تم گمراہی میں کتنا بھی بڑھ جاؤ۔ پھر بھی وہ اپنی ہدایت بھیج کر تم کو واپس لا سکتا ہے۔
یعنی جب خدائی تعلیم آتی ہے تو ہر انسان کی اندرونی قابلیت کے مطابق آتی ہے۔ جس سے پتہ لگتا ہے کہ اللہ تعالیٰ نے انسان کی تمام قوتوں کا اپنے علم کے ذریعہ سے احاطہ کیا ہوا ہے۔
67:4; 71:16.
'Seven earths' may be the seven major planets of the solar system and seven heavens their orbits or ways as elsewhere so called in the Qur’an (23:18). Or, spiritually speaking 'seven heavens' may signify seven stages of the spiritual development of man and 'seven earths' those of his physical growth.
Commentary:
The verse purports to say that God’s decree works in heavens and earth to the effect that His Messengers and their righteous followers are blessed with a divine light which guides them in their affairs and leads them to success and prosperity, while disbelievers suffer the evil consequences of their rejection of the Divine Message. In the preceding two verses a pointed reference is made to this subject.
"Seven earths" may be the seven major planets of the solar system and seven heavens their orbits or ways as elsewhere so called in the Quran (23:18). Or spiritually speaking "seven heavens" may signify seven stages of the spiritual development of man and "seven earths" those of his physical growth. For a detailed discussion of this subject, see 23:1-18.
c
67:4; 71:16.
1443
“七个地球” 可以指太阳系的七个主要行星, 而七个天指行星轨道或道路, «古兰经» (23:18) 也这么指称。或者从精神上说, “七个天” 可以代表人的精神发展的七个阶段, 而 “七个地球” 指人体增长的阶段。
1
اس جگہ اَرْض اسمِ جنس کے طور پر استعمال ہوا ہے جو مفرد اور جمع دونوں معنے دیتا ہے۔ اس لئے ہم نے زمینیں ترجمہ کیا ہے ’’زمین‘‘ ترجمہ نہیں کیا۔
2
خواہ تم گمراہی میں کتنا بھی بڑھ جاؤ۔ پھر بھی وہ اپنی ہدایت بھیج کر تم کو واپس لا سکتا ہے۔
3
یعنی جب خدائی تعلیم آتی ہے تو ہر انسان کی اندرونی قابلیت کے مطابق آتی ہے۔ جس سے پتہ لگتا ہے کہ اللہ تعالیٰ نے انسان کی تمام قوتوں کا اپنے علم کے ذریعہ سے احاطہ کیا ہوا ہے۔
4276
Commentary:
The verse purports to say that God’s decree works in heavens and earth to the effect that His Messengers and their righteous followers are blessed with a divine light which guides them in their affairs and leads them to success and prosperity, while disbelievers suffer the evil consequences of their rejection of the Divine Message. In the preceding two verses a pointed reference is made to this subject.
"Seven earths" may be the seven major planets of the solar system and seven heavens their orbits or ways as elsewhere so called in the Quran (23:18). Or spiritually speaking "seven heavens" may signify seven stages of the spiritual development of man and "seven earths" those of his physical growth. For a detailed discussion of this subject, see 23:1-18.
c
67:4; 71:16.
3070A
'Seven earths' may be the seven major planets of the solar system and seven heavens their orbits or ways as elsewhere so called in the Qur’an (23:18). Or, spiritually speaking 'seven heavens' may signify seven stages of the spiritual development of man and 'seven earths' those of his physical growth.
ٱلَّذِى خَلَقَ سَبْعَ سَمَٰوَٰتٍ طِبَاقًا ۖ مَّا تَرَىٰ فِى خَلْقِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ مِن تَفَٰوُتٍ ۖ فَٱرْجِعِ ٱلْبَصَرَ هَلْ تَرَىٰ مِن فُطُورٍ
65:13; 67:4; 71:16.
Tibaq is synonymous with Tabaq and with its plural, Atbaq. They say such a thing is the Tabaq or Tibaq of that, i.e. this thing is the match of that or the like of that in measure, size or quality, etc. Tibaq also means, a stage (Lane).
65:13; 67:4; 71:16.
Important Words:
طباقاً (in grades) is derived from طبق. They say أطبق الثوب i.e. he folded together the piece of cloth. طبق means, a thing that is the equal of another thing in its measure so that it covers the whole extent of the latter like the lid; a layer of the earth; a fold; a generation; any of the stages of heaven. السماوات طباق means, the heavens are composed of stages, one above another (Lane & Aqrab).
تفاوت (incongruity) is derived from فات . They say تفاوت الشیئان i.e. the two things were distinct or were different. تفاوت means, defect, fault, or imperfection; incongruity or discordance (Lane & Aqrab).
فطور (flaw) is derived from فطر. They say فطرہ i.e. God created it or brought it into existence for the first time, it not having existed before. انفطر means, it became split, rent or cleft. فطور means, cleft; flaw; disorder (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
Wonderful indeed is God’s creation. The solar system of which our earth is but a small member is vast, varied and orderly and yet this system is but one of hundreds of millions of systems, some of which are incalculably larger than it, yet the countless millions of suns and stars are so arranged and distributed in relation to one another as to produce everywhere harmony and beauty. The order that covers and pervades the universe is obvious to the ordinary naked eye, and is spread far beyond the range of disciplined vision, assisted by all the instruments and appliances which science and art have been able to invent (Flint).
d
65:13; 67:4; 71:16.
1447
طِبَاق (Tibaq) 是 طَبَق (Tabaq) 及其复数 اَطْبَاق (Atbaq) 的同义词。他们说 طَبَق (Tabaq) 或 طِبَاق (Tibaq) 就是这样一种东西, 即这种东西是某种东西的配对物, 即在分量、尺寸或性质等方面相类似的东西。Tibāq 还有 “阶段” 的意思 (Lane)。
a
65:13; 67:4; 71:16.
4290
Important Words:
طباقاً (in grades) is derived from طبق. They say أطبق الثوب i.e. he folded together the piece of cloth. طبق means, a thing that is the equal of another thing in its measure so that it covers the whole extent of the latter like the lid; a layer of the earth; a fold; a generation; any of the stages of heaven. السماوات طباق means, the heavens are composed of stages, one above another (Lane & Aqrab).
تفاوت (incongruity) is derived from فات . They say تفاوت الشیئان i.e. the two things were distinct or were different. تفاوت means, defect, fault, or imperfection; incongruity or discordance (Lane & Aqrab).
فطور (flaw) is derived from فطر. They say فطرہ i.e. God created it or brought it into existence for the first time, it not having existed before. انفطر means, it became split, rent or cleft. فطور means, cleft; flaw; disorder (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
Wonderful indeed is God’s creation. The solar system of which our earth is but a small member is vast, varied and orderly and yet this system is but one of hundreds of millions of systems, some of which are incalculably larger than it, yet the countless millions of suns and stars are so arranged and distributed in relation to one another as to produce everywhere harmony and beauty. The order that covers and pervades the universe is obvious to the ordinary naked eye, and is spread far beyond the range of disciplined vision, assisted by all the instruments and appliances which science and art have been able to invent (Flint).
d
65:13; 67:4; 71:16.
3079A
Tibaq is synonymous with Tabaq and with its plural, Atbaq. They say such a thing is the Tabaq or Tibaq of that, i.e. this thing is the match of that or the like of that in measure, size or quality, etc. Tibaq also means, a stage (Lane).
ثُمَّ ٱرْجِعِ ٱلْبَصَرَ كَرَّتَيْنِ يَنقَلِبْ إِلَيْكَ ٱلْبَصَرُ خَاسِئًا وَهُوَ حَسِيرٌ
安拉的创造真是神奇。太阳系广漠无边, 变化多端 而又井然有序--------我们的地球仅是其中的一个小小的分子--------但太阳系还只是数以万万计的星系里面的一个, 其中有些要比太阳系大得无法计算, 然而各种难以胜数的星辰、太阳彼此的排列和分布处处都呈现出美与和谐。宇宙间无处不在的秩序一般肉眼都能看到, 这种秩序超越了训练有素的视力, 即使这种视力得到了科学和艺术所能发明的种种仪器和装备的帮助。
Wonderful indeed is God’s creation. The solar system of which our earth is but a small member is vast, varied and orderly and yet it is but one of hundreds of millions of systems, some of which are incalculably larger than it, yet the countless millions of suns and stars are so arranged and distributed in relation to one another as to produce everywhere harmony and beauty. The order that covers and pervades the universe is obvious to the ordinary naked eye and is spread far beyond the range of disciplined vision, assisted by all the instruments and appliances which science and art have been able to invent.
Important Words:
خاسئا (confused) is derived from خسأ which means, he was or became vile, despised and hated. خاسأ الرجل الکلب means, the man drove away the dog. خسأ البصر means, the eyesight became dazzled or confused and dim. خاسیء when applied to a dog or a swine means, driven away and repelled, and when applied to a man means, contemptible, despicable, vile or confused; and when applied to the eyesight means, dazzled or confused and dim (Lane).
1448
安拉的创造真是神奇。太阳系广漠无边, 变化多端 而又井然有序--------我们的地球仅是其中的一个小小的分子--------但太阳系还只是数以万万计的星系里面的一个, 其中有些要比太阳系大得无法计算, 然而各种难以胜数的星辰、太阳彼此的排列和分布处处都呈现出美与和谐。宇宙间无处不在的秩序一般肉眼都能看到, 这种秩序超越了训练有素的视力, 即使这种视力得到了科学和艺术所能发明的种种仪器和装备的帮助。
4291
Important Words:
خاسئا (confused) is derived from خسأ which means, he was or became vile, despised and hated. خاسأ الرجل الکلب means, the man drove away the dog. خسأ البصر means, the eyesight became dazzled or confused and dim. خاسیء when applied to a dog or a swine means, driven away and repelled, and when applied to a man means, contemptible, despicable, vile or confused; and when applied to the eyesight means, dazzled or confused and dim (Lane).
3080
Wonderful indeed is God’s creation. The solar system of which our earth is but a small member is vast, varied and orderly and yet it is but one of hundreds of millions of systems, some of which are incalculably larger than it, yet the countless millions of suns and stars are so arranged and distributed in relation to one another as to produce everywhere harmony and beauty. The order that covers and pervades the universe is obvious to the ordinary naked eye and is spread far beyond the range of disciplined vision, assisted by all the instruments and appliances which science and art have been able to invent.
وَجُمِعَ ٱلشَّمْسُ وَٱلْقَمَرُ
经文 “日月被集合在一起” 可以表示整个太阳系将彻底瓦解。这节经文的意思也可指阿拉伯人的政权和伊朗帝国的政权的垮台, 月亮是前者政权的象征, 太阳是后者的象征。这里也可以指月蚀和日蚀。根据圣训, 月蚀和日蚀将在受道教长 (مَهْدِی, Mahdi) 来临的时候在斋月里发生 (بَيْهَقِی, Baihaqī), 这是一个不同寻常的自然现象。这是够奇怪的, 1894 年斋月中日蚀和月蚀都发生了, 当时阿哈默底亚运动的创始人已宣称自己是主许迈喜合和受道教长。
یہ آخری زمانہ میں ظاہر ہونے والی ایک اہم پیشگوئی کی طرف اشارہ ہے۔ یعنی رمضان کے مہینہ میں سورج اور چاند کو گرہن لگنے کی طرف۔
The expression, 'the sun and the moon are brought together,' may signify that the whole solar system will be completely disrupted. Or, the verse may signify the destruction of the political power of the Arabs and of the Iranian empire, the moon being the symbol of the political power of the former and the sun that of the latter. Or, the reference may be to the lunar and solar eclipses which, according to a Hadith, were to occur in the time of the Promised Mahdi in the month of Ramadan (Baihaqi), it being quite an unusual natural phenomenon. Strangely enough, both the sun and the moon were eclipsed in the month of Ramadan in 1894 when the Founder of the Ahmadiyya Movement had already made the claim that he was the Promised Messiah and Mahdi.
Commentary:
The expression, "the sun and the moon are brought together" may signify that the whole solar system will be completely disrupted. Or the words may signify the destruction of the political power of the Arabs and of the Iranian dynasty, the moon being the symbol of the political power of the former and the sun that of the latter. Or the reference may be to the lunar and solar eclipses—a highly unusual phenomenon, which, according to a hadith was to occur in the time of the Promised Mahdi. The hadith is to the following effect: ان لمھدینا اٰیتین لم تکونا منذ خلق السموات و الارض الخ i.e. For our Mahdi there are two signs which have never been witnessed since the time when the heavens and the earth were created, viz. that the moon will be eclipsed on the first night and the sun on the second day in the month of Ramadan(Baihaqi). This meant that the day of the final triumph of Islam and that of the defeat and destruction of the forces of evil will dawn with the Mahdi’s appearance in the world. Strangely enough, both the sun and the moon were eclipsed in the month of Ramadan in 1894 after Ahmad, the Founder of the Ahmadiyya Movement had made the claim that he was the Promised Messiah and Mahdi.
1536
经文 “日月被集合在一起” 可以表示整个太阳系将彻底瓦解。这节经文的意思也可指阿拉伯人的政权和伊朗帝国的政权的垮台, 月亮是前者政权的象征, 太阳是后者的象征。这里也可以指月蚀和日蚀。根据圣训, 月蚀和日蚀将在受道教长 (مَهْدِی, Mahdi) 来临的时候在斋月里发生 (بَيْهَقِی, Baihaqī), 这是一个不同寻常的自然现象。这是够奇怪的, 1894 年斋月中日蚀和月蚀都发生了, 当时阿哈默底亚运动的创始人已宣称自己是主许迈喜合和受道教长。
1
یہ آخری زمانہ میں ظاہر ہونے والی ایک اہم پیشگوئی کی طرف اشارہ ہے۔ یعنی رمضان کے مہینہ میں سورج اور چاند کو گرہن لگنے کی طرف۔
4464
Commentary:
The expression, "the sun and the moon are brought together" may signify that the whole solar system will be completely disrupted. Or the words may signify the destruction of the political power of the Arabs and of the Iranian dynasty, the moon being the symbol of the political power of the former and the sun that of the latter. Or the reference may be to the lunar and solar eclipses—a highly unusual phenomenon, which, according to a hadith was to occur in the time of the Promised Mahdi. The hadith is to the following effect: ان لمھدینا اٰیتین لم تکونا منذ خلق السموات و الارض الخ i.e. For our Mahdi there are two signs which have never been witnessed since the time when the heavens and the earth were created, viz. that the moon will be eclipsed on the first night and the sun on the second day in the month of Ramadan(Baihaqi). This meant that the day of the final triumph of Islam and that of the defeat and destruction of the forces of evil will dawn with the Mahdi’s appearance in the world. Strangely enough, both the sun and the moon were eclipsed in the month of Ramadan in 1894 after Ahmad, the Founder of the Ahmadiyya Movement had made the claim that he was the Promised Messiah and Mahdi.
3179
The expression, 'the sun and the moon are brought together,' may signify that the whole solar system will be completely disrupted. Or, the verse may signify the destruction of the political power of the Arabs and of the Iranian empire, the moon being the symbol of the political power of the former and the sun that of the latter. Or, the reference may be to the lunar and solar eclipses which, according to a Hadith, were to occur in the time of the Promised Mahdi in the month of Ramadan (Baihaqi), it being quite an unusual natural phenomenon. Strangely enough, both the sun and the moon were eclipsed in the month of Ramadan in 1894 when the Founder of the Ahmadiyya Movement had already made the claim that he was the Promised Messiah and Mahdi.
وَبَنَيْنَا فَوْقَكُمْ سَبْعًا شِدَادًا
23:18.
Commentary:
The reference in the verse seemingly being to the seven major planets of the solar system, of which the sun is the centre, the verse means that the fact that God has created such a vast, complex and flawless system for the service of man inevitably leads to the conclusion that man has been placed on the earth to serve a specific, albeit a very noble and sublime purpose. Seven heavens may also refer to seven stages of spiritual development of man mentioned in Surah Al-Mu’minun.
b
23:18.
1573
太阳系的七个主要行星, 太阳是其中心, 或者说, 也就是 «众信者» 章中所提到的人的七个精神发展阶段。
b
23:18.
4531
Commentary:
The reference in the verse seemingly being to the seven major planets of the solar system, of which the sun is the centre, the verse means that the fact that God has created such a vast, complex and flawless system for the service of man inevitably leads to the conclusion that man has been placed on the earth to serve a specific, albeit a very noble and sublime purpose. Seven heavens may also refer to seven stages of spiritual development of man mentioned in Surah Al-Mu’minun.
g
23:18.
3225
Seven major planets of the solar system of which the sun is the centre, or seven stages of spiritual development of man mentioned in Surah Al- Mu’minun.
ءَأَنتُمْ أَشَدُّ خَلْقًا أَمِ ٱلسَّمَآءُ ۚ بَنَىٰهَا
太阳系的复杂而完美无缺的创造, 真是说明了死后有复生的无可辩驳的证明, 那就是说, 伟大的安拉可以在无有之中创造这样一个广漠的宇宙, 也能使人在死去之后赋有新生, 而人只不过是死后新生命中一个斑点而已。这就是这一节和下面六节经文的大意。
The complex, but flawless and consummate, creation of the solar system, does indeed constitute an invincible argument in support of Life after death, viz. that the Great God, Who could bring into being from nothing such a vast universe, could also give man, who is but a mere speck in it, a new life after he is dead. This is the purport of the present and the following six verses.
Commentary:
The complex, but flawless and consummate, creation of the solar system, constitutes, indeed, an invincible argument about life after death, viz. that the Great God Who could bring into being from nothing such a vast universe could also give man, who is but a mere speck in it, a new life after he is dead. This is the purport of the present and the following six verses. The verses further point out that when God has created such a complete system for man’s physical needs. He could not have failed to make similar provision for his spiritual needs.
1592
太阳系的复杂而完美无缺的创造, 真是说明了死后有复生的无可辩驳的证明, 那就是说, 伟大的安拉可以在无有之中创造这样一个广漠的宇宙, 也能使人在死去之后赋有新生, 而人只不过是死后新生命中一个斑点而已。这就是这一节和下面六节经文的大意。
4564
Commentary:
The complex, but flawless and consummate, creation of the solar system, constitutes, indeed, an invincible argument about life after death, viz. that the Great God Who could bring into being from nothing such a vast universe could also give man, who is but a mere speck in it, a new life after he is dead. This is the purport of the present and the following six verses. The verses further point out that when God has created such a complete system for man’s physical needs. He could not have failed to make similar provision for his spiritual needs.
3245
The complex, but flawless and consummate, creation of the solar system, does indeed constitute an invincible argument in support of Life after death, viz. that the Great God, Who could bring into being from nothing such a vast universe, could also give man, who is but a mere speck in it, a new life after he is dead. This is the purport of the present and the following six verses.
رَفَعَ سَمْكَهَا فَسَوَّىٰهَا
c
21:33.
1593
سَمْك (Samk) 的意思是屋顶; 或屋子的天花板;或一物的高度、深度和宽度。(Lane)
a
21:33; 31:11.
4565
Commentary:
The verse points to the fact that it is due to the sun, the moon and other heavenly bodies that life exists on earth.
a
21:33.
3245A
Samk means, the roof; the ceiling of a house; height, depth and thickness of a thing (Lane).
وَأَغْطَشَ لَيْلَهَا وَأَخْرَجَ ضُحَىٰهَا
d
78:11, 12.
1594
日夜是属于地球的自然现象, 在这节经中: 我们把它归因于太阳是因为太阳系的作用, 我们才有日夜。
b
17:13.
4566
Commentary:
The phenomenon of night and day, which pertains to the earth, has been attributed to the heaven because it is due to the working of the solar system that we have day and night.
b
78:11, 12.
3246
The phenomenon of night and day, which pertains to the earth, has been attributed to the heaven in this verse because it is due to the working of the solar system that we have day and night.