[1]
عَدَاهُ , (Mgh, K,) first pers.
عَدَوْتُهُ, (Msb,)
aor.
يَعْدُو, (Mgh, Msb,) [inf. n.
عَدْوٌ,]
He passed
from it, (Mgh, Msb, K,) namely, a thing, or an
affair, (K,) to another, (Mgh, Msb,)
and left
it; (K;) and
عَدَا عَنْهُ signifies the same; (K;)
as also ↓
تعدّاه; (S, * K;) and in like manner
one says, ↓
عَدَّيْتُهُ, inf. n.
تَعْدِيَةٌ; (Msb;) [but I
do not find this elsewhere, and think that correctly one should say,
عَدَّيْتُ ↓
عَنْهُ; agreeably
with what here follows:] the saying
عَدِّ ↓
عَنْ هٰذَا
means
Leave thou this, and
turn from it to
another; and is app. from the phrase
عَدِّ ↓
هَمَّكَ
إِلَى غَيْرِهِ [
Turn thy anxiety to other than him,
or
it]; the objective complement being altogether
left out, so that the verb becomes as though it
were intrans.; and there are many instances
similar to this in the language: (Har p. 478:)
one says,
عَدَّيْتُ ↓
عَنِّى الهَمَّ I turned away from
me anxiety: and [hence] you say to him who
has pursued you,
عَدِّ ↓
عَنِّى إِلَى غَيْرِى, meaning
Turn thou the beast upon which thou art riding
towards other than me: (TA:) and
عَدِّ ↓
عَمَّا تَرَى,
meaning
Turn thou thine eye
from what thou
seest. (S.) [See an ex. of the first of these verbs
in the Ham p. 125.] One says also,
عَدَاهُ الأَمْرُ
and ↓
تعدّاهُ The thing, or
affair, passed from
him. (TA. [See an ex. in the first paragraph
of art.
عدم.]) And the Arabs say,
إِنَّ الجَرَبَ
لَيَعْدُو, meaning
Verily the mange, or
scab, passes
from him that has it to him that is near to him
so that the latter becomes mangy, or scabby.
(Msb.) And
مَا عَدَا فُلَانٌ أَنْ صَنَعَ [app. meaning
Such a one did not leave, or, accord. to an explanation of the verb in a similar phrase in Har
p. 333,
did not delay, his doing such a thing].
(S.) Accord. to Er-Rághib,
العَدْوُ primarily
signifies
Transition; [whence what here precedes;] or
the going, or
passing, beyond, or
the
exceeding, a limit, or the usual limit: and
incompatibility to coalesce. (TA.) ―
2-b2- And [hence,]
عَدَاهُ, aor. as above, [inf. n.
عَدْوٌ,]
He went, or
passed, beyond it; exceeded it; or
transgressed
it. (S, TA. *) So in the saying
عَدَا طَوْرَهُ [
He
went, or
passed, beyond his proper limit; exceeded
it; or
transgressed it]: and in like manner,
تعدّى ↓
الحَقَّ and ↓
اعتداهُ signify
He went, or
passed, beyond, &c.,
what was true, or
right;
and so
عَنِ الحَقِّ, and
فَوْقَ الحَقِّ. (TA.)
أَمَا
عَدَا مَنْ بَدَا, a saying in which the vulgar erroneously omit the interrogative
أ, means
Does not
he transgress that which is right who begins by
acting injuriously? (TA.) And it is said
عَدَا
القَارِصُ فَحَرَزَ (tropical:)
What was biting to the tongue
attained to an excessive degree, so that it became
acid: meaning that the affair, or case, became
distressing. (S in art.
قرص.) ―
2-b3- And
عَدَا عَلَيْهِ,
inf. n.
عَدْوٌ and
عَدَآءٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and
عُدُوٌّ
(S, Msb, K) and
عُدْوَانٌ (ISd, Msb, K) and
عِدْوَانٌ (ISd, K) and
عُدْوَى; (K;) and ↓
تعدّى,
and ↓
اعتدى; (S, Msb, K;)
He acted wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or
tyrannically, against
him; (S, Msb, K;) and
transgressed against
him, or
exceeded the proper limit against him:
(S, Msb:) [and
he acted aggressively against
him; agreeably with an explanation of the inf. n.
of the last of these verbs in what follows: (see
an ex. in a verse cited voce
رِيحٌ:)] or
he acted
with excessive wrongfulness, &c.,
against him:
(Mgh:) and ↓
اعدى signifies the same as
the other verbs here mentioned; (K, TA;)
whence (TA) one says,
أَعْدَيْتَ ↓
فِى مَنْطِقِكَ
Thou hast deviated from that which is right in
thy speech: (S, TA:) ↓
الاِعْتِدَآءُ is
the exceeding
what is right; and it is sometimes
in the way of
aggression; and sometimes
in the way of requital;
and instances of the usage of its verb in both of
these manners occur in the Kur ii. 190: (Er-Rághib, TA:) the first and third of the inf. ns.
of
عَدَا, mentioned above, occur in the Kur vi.
108 accord. to different readings: (S, TA:) and
[it is said that]
العُدْوَانُ signifies
sheer, or
unmixed, wrongful or
unjust or
injurious or
tyrannical conduct: (S:) or, as some say,
the worst of
[
such conduct, i. e.,
of]
الاِعْتِدَآء,
in strength, or
deed, or
state or
condition. (TA.) ―
2-b4- And
عَدَا
عَلَيْهِ He acted corruptly towards him. (TA.) ―
2-b5-
And
عُدِىَ عَلَيْهِ He had his property stolen, and
was wronged. (TA.) And
عَدَا عَلَى القُمَاشِ,
inf. n.
عَدَآءٌ [said in the TA to be like
سَحَابٌ,
but in the CK
عَدًا,] and
عُدْوَانٌ and
عَدَوَانٌ, (K,
TA,) but in the M written with damm and fet-h
[i. e.
عُدْوَان and
عَدْوَان], (TA,) said of a thief,
He stole the قماش [meaning
goods, or
utensils
and furniture]. (K, TA.) And
عَدَا فِى ظَهْرِهِ
He stole what was behind him: (A in art.
ظهر:)
[or
he acted wrongfully in respect of what was
behind him: for]
لِصٌّ عَادِى ظَهْرٍ is expl. by the
words
عَدَا فِى ظَهْرٍ فَسَرَقَهُ [so that it app. means
A thief who has acted wrongfully in respect of
what was behind one, and stolen it]. (O and K
in that art.) ―
2-b6- And
عَدَا عَلَيْهِ, (K, TA,) inf. n.
عَدْوٌ, (TA,) signifies also
He leaped upon him,
or
it. (K, TA.) ―
2-b7- And
عَدَا, (K,) or
عَدَا فِى
مَشْيِهِ, (Msb,) aor.
يَعْدُو, (Msb, K,) inf. n.
عَدْوٌ
(S, Mgh, Msb, K) and
عَدًا and
عُدُوٌّ and
عَدَوَانٌ
and
تَعْدَآءٌ, (K,) signifies
أَحْضَرَ [i. e.
He ran; or
rose in his running]; (S, * K, TA;) said of a man
and of a horse: (TA:) or
he went a pace nearly
the same as that termed هَرْوَلَةٌ, (Msb, TA,)
not so
quick, (TA,) or
which is not so quick, (Msb,)
as
that termed جَرْىٌ: (Msb, TA:) or
he went a
pace less quick than شَدٌّ and more so than مَشْىٌ:
(TA in art.
سعى:) or [
he went quickly, or
swiftly; for]
العَدْوُ signifies
السُّرْعَةُ: (Mgh:) [or
rather
he ran, whether
gently or
moderately or
vehemently: that it often signifies
he ran vehemently is shown by the prov.
أَعْدَى ↓
مِنْ سُلَيْكٍ
More vehement in running than Suleyk, who is
said to have outstripped fleet horses; and by
numerous exs.:] and ↓
عّى signifies the same
as
عَدَا, denoting a quick pace. (TA in art.
هبص.) ―
2-b8- And [hence, perhaps,]
عَدَا المَآءُ, aor.
يَعْدُو, (assumed tropical:)
The water ran. (TA.) ＝
1-A2-
عَدَاهُ عَنِ الأَمْرِ,
(S, K,) inf. n.
عَدْوٌ and
عُدْوَانٌ; as also ↓
عدّاهُ;
(K;) signifies
He, or
it, diverted him; or
turned
him away, or
back; (S, K;) and
occupied him so
as to divert him; (K;)
from the thing, or
affair.
(S, K.) You say,
عَدَتْ عَوَادٍ. (S, TA. See
عَادِيَةٌ, voce
عُدَوَآءُ: and see also the last sentence
of the first paragraph of art.
عود.) ―
2-b2-
عَدَانِى مِنْهُ
شَرٌّ means
بَلَغَنِى [i. e., app.,
Evil, or
mischief,
reached me from him, or
it]. (TA. [See a signi-
fication of 4.]) ＝
1-A3-
عَدِيتُ لَهُ signifies
I hated him,
or
it. (ISd, K.) ＝
1-A4-
عَدَا is also a verb by which
one makes an exception, with
مَا [preceding
it] and without
مَا: (S, K:) you say,
جَآءَنِى
القَوْمُ مَا عَدَا زَيْدًا [
The people, or
party, came to
me, except Zeyd]; and
جَاؤُونِى عَدَا زَيْدًا [which
means the like]; putting what follows it in the
accus. case; the agent being implied in it: (S:
[see this expl. in what has been said of
خَلَا as
used in the same manner:]) accord. to MF, it
is a verb when what follows it is put in the
accus. case; and when what follows it is put in
the gen. case, it is a particle, by common
consent: (TA: [and the like is said in the
Mughnee; i. e., that it is similar to
خَلَا in respect
of the explanations there given of the different
usages of this latter; but that Sb did not know it
to have been used otherwise than as having the
quality of a verb:]) one says,
رَأَيْتُهُمْ عَدَا أَخَاكَ
and
مَا عَدَاهُ, meaning
مَا خَلَا [i. e.
I saw them,
except thy brother]: and sometimes it governs
the gen. case without
ما: thus in the M: Az
says, [as though regarding it as only a particle,]
when you suppress [
ما], you make it to govern
the accus. case as meaning
إِلَّا and you make it
to govern the gen. case as meaning
سِوَى.
(TA.