Ruku 371 ع
Section 371 of 556 • 12 Verses
۞ وَلَقَدْ ءَاتَيْنَا دَاوُۥدَ مِنَّا فَضْلًا ۖ يَٰجِبَالُ أَوِّبِى مَعَهُۥ وَٱلطَّيْرَ ۖ وَأَلَنَّا لَهُ ٱلْحَدِيدَ
21:80; 38:19, 20.
山地部族。相似的用语见12:83。
这句话的直义可理解为, 山岳和飞鸟都受到达五德的控制。当他歌颂安拉时, 它们也一起跟他虔诚地歌颂。这句话的意思只是, 大人物 (اَلْجِبَال, al-Jibal) 和精神高尚的人 (اَلطَّيْر, at-Tair) 和达五德一起赞扬安拉和歌颂安拉。«古兰经» 在好几处说, 不仅山岳和飞鸟, 而且在天地间所有其他东西--------太阳、月亮、星星、昼夜、走兽、飞鸟、河流、海洋、风、云等都是从属于人类的 (2:165; 7:55; 22:38)。
“我又为他把铁变为柔软的” 这句话表明, 达五德已经很广泛地发展了用铁制造兵器的工艺, 并且能使用铁来制造铠甲。见下节经文。
قرآن مجید میں ’’یَا جِبَالُ‘‘ جس کے معنے ہیں ’’اے پہاڑو‘‘ مفسرین یہ معنے کرتے ہیں کہ داؤد کے ساتھ پہاڑ بھی زور زور سے تسبیح کیا کرتے تھے مگر وہ بھول جاتے ہیں کہ قرآن کریم میں سورئہ یوسف میں بیان ہوا ہے کہ وَسْئَلِ الْقَرْیَۃَ الَّتِیْ کُنَّا فِیْھَا وَالْعِیْرَ الَّتِیْ اَقْبَلْنَا فِیْھَا الاٰیۃ۔ یعنی ابنائے یعقوبؑ نے کہا کہ اگر بن یامین کے متعلق ہم جھوٹ بولتے ہیں تو اس بستی سے پوچھئے جس میں ہم رہتے تھے۔ حالانکہ بستیاں کبھی بولا نہیں کرتیں۔ عرب کے ادیب کہتے ہیں کہ اس سے مراد ’’بستی والے‘‘ ہیں اور عِیْر کے معنے گدھے کے ہیں۔ لیکن اس کے معنے اد
یعنی نیک لوگ۔ نیز دیکھئے نوٹ سورہ مائدہ آیت۱۱۱
21:80; 38:19, 20.
Mountain tribes. For a similar expression see 12:83.
See {1907}.
The expression, 'And We made the iron soft for him,' shows that the art of making implements of war from iron was very much developed by David and he freely made use of it for making coats of mail as the next verse shows.
21:80; 38:19-20.
Important Words:
أوبی (repeat the praises) is derived from آب which means, he returned. آب الی الله means, he returned to God from his sins, he repented. أوب means, he repeated or echoed the praises of God (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
As the principal theme of this Surah is the triumph of Islam and the great wealth, power and dominion that were to be given to Muslims, and as the might and splendour of the Israelites attained its zenith in the reigns of David and Solomon, so a somewhat detailed reference has been made in this Surah to these two great Prophets and Kings in order, on the one hand, to tell Muslims that such great glory and splendour will come to them also, and, on the other, to warn them that if they did not behave properly and if they defied and violated Divine commandments and indulged in evil practices, they too will come to grief, as did the Israelites after Solomon’s death, when all their power and glory departed, and they became pariahs among the nations.
For a detailed discussion of the subject as to how the mountains and the birds repeated the praises of God along with David see 21:80. Briefly, the word "mountains" signifies those mountain tribes which submitted to David, while the use of the word "birds" implies that David led large and powerful armies followed by flocks of birds which feasted upon the dead bodies of his vanquished foes. The words "birds" may also signify highly spiritual men or real birds which David used for carrying messages in time of war.
The expression "And We made the iron soft for him" shows that the art of making implements of war from iron had very much developed under David and he freely made use of it for making coats of mail as the next verse shows.
e
21:80; 38:19, 20.
1040
山地部族。相似的用语见12:83。
1041
这句话的直义可理解为, 山岳和飞鸟都受到达五德的控制。当他歌颂安拉时, 它们也一起跟他虔诚地歌颂。这句话的意思只是, 大人物 (اَلْجِبَال, al-Jibal) 和精神高尚的人 (اَلطَّيْر, at-Tair) 和达五德一起赞扬安拉和歌颂安拉。«古兰经» 在好几处说, 不仅山岳和飞鸟, 而且在天地间所有其他东西--------太阳、月亮、星星、昼夜、走兽、飞鸟、河流、海洋、风、云等都是从属于人类的 (2:165; 7:55; 22:38)。
1042
“我又为他把铁变为柔软的” 这句话表明, 达五德已经很广泛地发展了用铁制造兵器的工艺, 并且能使用铁来制造铠甲。见下节经文。
2
قرآن مجید میں ’’یَا جِبَالُ‘‘ جس کے معنے ہیں ’’اے پہاڑو‘‘ مفسرین یہ معنے کرتے ہیں کہ داؤد کے ساتھ پہاڑ بھی زور زور سے تسبیح کیا کرتے تھے مگر وہ بھول جاتے ہیں کہ قرآن کریم میں سورئہ یوسف میں بیان ہوا ہے کہ وَسْئَلِ الْقَرْیَۃَ الَّتِیْ کُنَّا فِیْھَا وَالْعِیْرَ الَّتِیْ اَقْبَلْنَا فِیْھَا الاٰیۃ۔ یعنی ابنائے یعقوبؑ نے کہا کہ اگر بن یامین کے متعلق ہم جھوٹ بولتے ہیں تو اس بستی سے پوچھئے جس میں ہم رہتے تھے۔ حالانکہ بستیاں کبھی بولا نہیں کرتیں۔ عرب کے ادیب کہتے ہیں کہ اس سے مراد ’’بستی والے‘‘ ہیں اور عِیْر کے معنے گدھے کے ہیں۔ لیکن اس کے معنے اد
3
یعنی نیک لوگ۔ نیز دیکھئے نوٹ سورہ مائدہ آیت۱۱۱
c
21:80; 38:19-20.
3137
Important Words:
أوبی (repeat the praises) is derived from آب which means, he returned. آب الی الله means, he returned to God from his sins, he repented. أوب means, he repeated or echoed the praises of God (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
As the principal theme of this Surah is the triumph of Islam and the great wealth, power and dominion that were to be given to Muslims, and as the might and splendour of the Israelites attained its zenith in the reigns of David and Solomon, so a somewhat detailed reference has been made in this Surah to these two great Prophets and Kings in order, on the one hand, to tell Muslims that such great glory and splendour will come to them also, and, on the other, to warn them that if they did not behave properly and if they defied and violated Divine commandments and indulged in evil practices, they too will come to grief, as did the Israelites after Solomon’s death, when all their power and glory departed, and they became pariahs among the nations.
For a detailed discussion of the subject as to how the mountains and the birds repeated the praises of God along with David see 21:80. Briefly, the word "mountains" signifies those mountain tribes which submitted to David, while the use of the word "birds" implies that David led large and powerful armies followed by flocks of birds which feasted upon the dead bodies of his vanquished foes. The words "birds" may also signify highly spiritual men or real birds which David used for carrying messages in time of war.
The expression "And We made the iron soft for him" shows that the art of making implements of war from iron had very much developed under David and he freely made use of it for making coats of mail as the next verse shows.
c
21:80; 38:19, 20.
2378A
Mountain tribes. For a similar expression see 12:83.
2378B
See {1907}.
2379
The expression, 'And We made the iron soft for him,' shows that the art of making implements of war from iron was very much developed by David and he freely made use of it for making coats of mail as the next verse shows.
أَنِ ٱعْمَلْ سَٰبِغَٰتٍ وَقَدِّرْ فِى ٱلسَّرْدِ ۖ وَٱعْمَلُوا۟ صَٰلِحًا ۖ إِنِّى بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ
Important Words:
سابغات (full length coats of mail) is the plural of سابغة. درع سابغة means, a coat of mail that is wide or ample and long or such that one drags upon the ground by reason of its length and ampleness. نعمة سابغة means, a complete or full boon (Lane & Aqrab).
سرد (rings) is substantive noun from سرد (sarada) which means, he put the thing forward from one stage to another in regular order and uninterruptedly; he made it consecutive, successive or uninterrupted. سرد فی الدرع means, he fabricated the coat of armour by inserting the rings into one another. سرد الحدیث means, he related uninterruptedly and well the tradition or narrative (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
The reference in this verse is again to David’s military might. The words "and do righteous deeds" embodied an admonition to the people of David that they were not to exult in their military conquests. Their main and principal object should be to preach and practice goodness. The implied admonition is meant for Muslims.
3138
Important Words:
سابغات (full length coats of mail) is the plural of سابغة. درع سابغة means, a coat of mail that is wide or ample and long or such that one drags upon the ground by reason of its length and ampleness. نعمة سابغة means, a complete or full boon (Lane & Aqrab).
سرد (rings) is substantive noun from سرد (sarada) which means, he put the thing forward from one stage to another in regular order and uninterruptedly; he made it consecutive, successive or uninterrupted. سرد فی الدرع means, he fabricated the coat of armour by inserting the rings into one another. سرد الحدیث means, he related uninterruptedly and well the tradition or narrative (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
The reference in this verse is again to David’s military might. The words "and do righteous deeds" embodied an admonition to the people of David that they were not to exult in their military conquests. Their main and principal object should be to preach and practice goodness. The implied admonition is meant for Muslims.
وَلِسُلَيْمَٰنَ ٱلرِّيحَ غُدُوُّهَا شَهْرٌ وَرَوَاحُهَا شَهْرٌ ۖ وَأَسَلْنَا لَهُۥ عَيْنَ ٱلْقِطْرِ ۖ وَمِنَ ٱلْجِنِّ مَن يَعْمَلُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِۦ ۖ وَمَن يَزِغْ مِنْهُمْ عَنْ أَمْرِنَا نُذِقْهُ مِنْ عَذَابِ ٱلسَّعِيرِ
21:82; 38:37.
素莱曼的统治从叙利亚北部沿地中海东岸直到红海, 沿着阿拉伯海到波斯湾。实际上, 在素莱曼时代, 以色列帝国达到了财富、权力和威望的顶点, 因为 رِيْح (Rih) 这一单词的意思, 除了别的以外, 在这节经文中是权力和征服 (Lane)。这节经文也表明, 素莱曼有一支庞大的商 (业) 船队 («列王纪上», 9:26-28和 «犹太白科全书»卷11, 437页), 工业和手工业在他的时代也非常发达, 而且他也征服和迫使许多桀骜难驯的山地部族为他做工作 («历代志下»，4:1-2; 2:18)。
یعنی خلیج فارس سے انطاکیہ تک ہوائیں نہایت عمدگی سے چلتی رہتی تھیں جس سے سلیمانؑ کے زمانہ میں بحری تجارت اچھی ہوتی تھی۔
یعنی تانبہ کے پگھلانے والی فیکٹریاں بنانے کی اُسے توفیق دی تھی۔
دیکھئے نوٹ سورۂ نمل آیت۴۰۔
21:82; 38:37.
Solomon’s dominions extended from northern Syria along the coast of the eastern Mediterranean down to the Red Sea, along the Arabian Sea and up to the Persian Gulf. In fact, in Solomon’s time, the Israelite Empire had reached its zenith in wealth, power and prestige as the word Rih which, among other things, means power and conquests, (Lane), used in the verse, shows. The verse also shows that Solomon possessed a large mercantile navy (I Kings, 9: 26-28 & Jew. Enc. vol. Xl. p. 437) and that industry and craftsmanship had greatly developed under him and that he had also conquered and pressed into service wild and rebellious mountain tribes (II Chron. 4: 1,2 & 2: 18).
21:82; 27:18; 38:37.
Important Words:
رواح (evening course) is derived from راح which means, he went or journeyed or worked. They say راح الیھم i.e. he went to them or he went to them in the evening; or did a thing in the evening or in the afternoon; he went or journeyed at any time. الرواح is the going or journeying in the last or latter part of the day; or the going or journeying at any time of the day or night. ریح means, the wind; a good or pure thing; mercy; aid against an enemy; victory or conquest: predominance and power; a turn of good fortune (Lane & Aqrab). See also 8:47.
Commentary:
The verse speaks volumes for the vast extent of Solomon’s dominions and the peace and prosperity which reigned in his empire. Solomon’s dominions extended from northern Syria along the coast of the eastern Mediterranean down to the Red Sea, along the Arabian Sea and up to the Persian Gulf. In fact, in Solomon’s time, the Israelite empire had reached its zenith in wealth, power and prestige as the word ریح which, among other things, means power and conquests, used in the verse, shows. The verse also shows that Solomon possessed a large mercantile navy:
"And King Solomon made a navy of ships in Ezion-geber, which is beside Eloth, on the shore of the Red Sea, in the land of Edom. And Hiram sent in the navy his servants, shipmen that had knowledge of the sea, with the servants of Solomon. And they came to Ophire, and fetched from thence gold, four hundred and twenty tents and brought it to King Solomon" (1 Kings 9: 26-28).
Solomon’s foreign alliances formed the basis for foreign commercial relations. From the Egyptians he bought chariots and horses, which he sold to the Hittites and other people of the north. With the Phoenicians he united in maritime commerce, sending out a fleet once in three years from Ezion-geber, at the head of the Gulf of Akaba, to Ophire, presumably on the eastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula. From this distant port, and others on the way, he derived fabulous amounts of gold and tropical products. These revenues gave him almost unlimited means for increasing the glory of his capital city and palace, and for the perfection of his civil and military organizations (Jew. Enc. vol. xi. p. 437).
The words, "And We caused a fount of molten copper to flow for him." signify the high stage to which industry and craftsmanship had developed under Solomon. He had erected factories in which copper was melted. In the Bible we have:
"Moreover, he made an altar of brass, twenty cubits the length thereof, and twenty cubits the breadth thereof and ten cubits the height thereof. Also he made a molten sea of ten cubits from brim to brim, round in compass and the height thereof was five cubits" (II Chronicles 4: 1-2).
The expression. "And of the jinn were some who worked under him" shows that Solomon had conquered and pressed into service wild and rebellious mountain tribes who worked for him day and night. Incidentally, the verse shows that Solomon’s rule was firm and strong. A reference to this is also to be found in the Bible in II Chronicles, 2: 18.
a
21:82; 38:37.
1043
素莱曼的统治从叙利亚北部沿地中海东岸直到红海, 沿着阿拉伯海到波斯湾。实际上, 在素莱曼时代, 以色列帝国达到了财富、权力和威望的顶点, 因为 رِيْح (Rih) 这一单词的意思, 除了别的以外, 在这节经文中是权力和征服 (Lane)。这节经文也表明, 素莱曼有一支庞大的商 (业) 船队 («列王纪上», 9:26-28和 «犹太白科全书»卷11, 437页), 工业和手工业在他的时代也非常发达, 而且他也征服和迫使许多桀骜难驯的山地部族为他做工作 («历代志下»，4:1-2; 2:18)。
4
یعنی خلیج فارس سے انطاکیہ تک ہوائیں نہایت عمدگی سے چلتی رہتی تھیں جس سے سلیمانؑ کے زمانہ میں بحری تجارت اچھی ہوتی تھی۔
5
یعنی تانبہ کے پگھلانے والی فیکٹریاں بنانے کی اُسے توفیق دی تھی۔
6
دیکھئے نوٹ سورۂ نمل آیت۴۰۔
a
21:82; 27:18; 38:37.
3139
Important Words:
رواح (evening course) is derived from راح which means, he went or journeyed or worked. They say راح الیھم i.e. he went to them or he went to them in the evening; or did a thing in the evening or in the afternoon; he went or journeyed at any time. الرواح is the going or journeying in the last or latter part of the day; or the going or journeying at any time of the day or night. ریح means, the wind; a good or pure thing; mercy; aid against an enemy; victory or conquest: predominance and power; a turn of good fortune (Lane & Aqrab). See also 8:47.
Commentary:
The verse speaks volumes for the vast extent of Solomon’s dominions and the peace and prosperity which reigned in his empire. Solomon’s dominions extended from northern Syria along the coast of the eastern Mediterranean down to the Red Sea, along the Arabian Sea and up to the Persian Gulf. In fact, in Solomon’s time, the Israelite empire had reached its zenith in wealth, power and prestige as the word ریح which, among other things, means power and conquests, used in the verse, shows. The verse also shows that Solomon possessed a large mercantile navy:
"And King Solomon made a navy of ships in Ezion-geber, which is beside Eloth, on the shore of the Red Sea, in the land of Edom. And Hiram sent in the navy his servants, shipmen that had knowledge of the sea, with the servants of Solomon. And they came to Ophire, and fetched from thence gold, four hundred and twenty tents and brought it to King Solomon" (1 Kings 9: 26-28).
Solomon’s foreign alliances formed the basis for foreign commercial relations. From the Egyptians he bought chariots and horses, which he sold to the Hittites and other people of the north. With the Phoenicians he united in maritime commerce, sending out a fleet once in three years from Ezion-geber, at the head of the Gulf of Akaba, to Ophire, presumably on the eastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula. From this distant port, and others on the way, he derived fabulous amounts of gold and tropical products. These revenues gave him almost unlimited means for increasing the glory of his capital city and palace, and for the perfection of his civil and military organizations (Jew. Enc. vol. xi. p. 437).
The words, "And We caused a fount of molten copper to flow for him." signify the high stage to which industry and craftsmanship had developed under Solomon. He had erected factories in which copper was melted. In the Bible we have:
"Moreover, he made an altar of brass, twenty cubits the length thereof, and twenty cubits the breadth thereof and ten cubits the height thereof. Also he made a molten sea of ten cubits from brim to brim, round in compass and the height thereof was five cubits" (II Chronicles 4: 1-2).
The expression. "And of the jinn were some who worked under him" shows that Solomon had conquered and pressed into service wild and rebellious mountain tribes who worked for him day and night. Incidentally, the verse shows that Solomon’s rule was firm and strong. A reference to this is also to be found in the Bible in II Chronicles, 2: 18.
a
21:82; 38:37.
2380
Solomon’s dominions extended from northern Syria along the coast of the eastern Mediterranean down to the Red Sea, along the Arabian Sea and up to the Persian Gulf. In fact, in Solomon’s time, the Israelite Empire had reached its zenith in wealth, power and prestige as the word Rih which, among other things, means power and conquests, (Lane), used in the verse, shows. The verse also shows that Solomon possessed a large mercantile navy (I Kings, 9: 26-28 & Jew. Enc. vol. Xl. p. 437) and that industry and craftsmanship had greatly developed under him and that he had also conquered and pressed into service wild and rebellious mountain tribes (II Chron. 4: 1,2 & 2: 18).
يَعْمَلُونَ لَهُۥ مَا يَشَآءُ مِن مَّحَٰرِيبَ وَتَمَٰثِيلَ وَجِفَانٍ كَٱلْجَوَابِ وَقُدُورٍ رَّاسِيَٰتٍ ۚ ٱعْمَلُوٓا۟ ءَالَ دَاوُۥدَ شُكْرًا ۚ وَقَلِيلٌ مِّنْ عِبَادِىَ ٱلشَّكُورُ
21:81.
ترجمہ میں ضمیر کی جگہ ظاہر اسم استعمال کیا گیا ہے۔
جیسے اجمیر شریف کی دیگیں۔
21:81.
Besides being a highly prosperous, powerful and civilized monarch, Solomon was the prince of builders among Israelite rulers. He had a special taste for architecture which had greatly developed under him. The Temple of Jerusalem bears an eloquent testimony to his fine architectural taste.
21:81.
Important Words:
محاریب (palaces) is the plural of محراب which among other things means, a palace; a mosque (Lane & Aqrab). See also 3:38.
جفان (basins) is the plural of جفنة which is an infinitive noun from جفن. They say جفن الناقة i.e. he slaughtered the she-camel and gave the flesh for food to the people in bowls. جفنة means, a large bowl or receptacle, particularly used for food; a small well; a generous man. جفنة غراء means, a generous man who entertains many guests and feeds many. He is so called because people are fed by him in the جفنة (Lane & Aqrab).
جواب (reservoirs) is the plural of جابیة which is derived from جبا. They say جبا الخراج i.e. he collected the tribute. جبا الماء فی الحوضmeans, he collected the water in the pond. جواب is the plural of جابیة which means, a large watering-trough in which water is collected for camels, a water reservoir; a company of men (Lane & Aqrab).
راسیات (fixed) is the plural of راسیة which is derived from رسا which means, it was or became fixed, firm, stable. قدر راسیةmeans, a cooking pot that will not be removed from its place on account of its large size and heaviness. جبال راسیة means, firm mountains (Lane & Aqrab). See also 16:16.
Commentary:
The verse shows that besides being a highly prosperous, powerful and civilized monarch, Solomon was the prince of builders among Israelite rulers. He had a special taste for architecture which had greatly developed under him. The Temple of Jerusalem bears an eloquent testimony to his fine architectural taste.
b
21:81.
1
ترجمہ میں ضمیر کی جگہ ظاہر اسم استعمال کیا گیا ہے۔
2
جیسے اجمیر شریف کی دیگیں۔
a
21:81.
3140
Important Words:
محاریب (palaces) is the plural of محراب which among other things means, a palace; a mosque (Lane & Aqrab). See also 3:38.
جفان (basins) is the plural of جفنة which is an infinitive noun from جفن. They say جفن الناقة i.e. he slaughtered the she-camel and gave the flesh for food to the people in bowls. جفنة means, a large bowl or receptacle, particularly used for food; a small well; a generous man. جفنة غراء means, a generous man who entertains many guests and feeds many. He is so called because people are fed by him in the جفنة (Lane & Aqrab).
جواب (reservoirs) is the plural of جابیة which is derived from جبا. They say جبا الخراج i.e. he collected the tribute. جبا الماء فی الحوضmeans, he collected the water in the pond. جواب is the plural of جابیة which means, a large watering-trough in which water is collected for camels, a water reservoir; a company of men (Lane & Aqrab).
راسیات (fixed) is the plural of راسیة which is derived from رسا which means, it was or became fixed, firm, stable. قدر راسیةmeans, a cooking pot that will not be removed from its place on account of its large size and heaviness. جبال راسیة means, firm mountains (Lane & Aqrab). See also 16:16.
Commentary:
The verse shows that besides being a highly prosperous, powerful and civilized monarch, Solomon was the prince of builders among Israelite rulers. He had a special taste for architecture which had greatly developed under him. The Temple of Jerusalem bears an eloquent testimony to his fine architectural taste.
a
21:81.
2381
Besides being a highly prosperous, powerful and civilized monarch, Solomon was the prince of builders among Israelite rulers. He had a special taste for architecture which had greatly developed under him. The Temple of Jerusalem bears an eloquent testimony to his fine architectural taste.
فَلَمَّا قَضَيْنَا عَلَيْهِ ٱلْمَوْتَ مَا دَلَّهُمْ عَلَىٰ مَوْتِهِۦٓ إِلَّا دَآبَّةُ ٱلْأَرْضِ تَأْكُلُ مِنسَأَتَهُۥ ۖ فَلَمَّا خَرَّ تَبَيَّنَتِ ٱلْجِنُّ أَن لَّوْ كَانُوا۟ يَعْلَمُونَ ٱلْغَيْبَ مَا لَبِثُوا۟ فِى ٱلْعَذَابِ ٱلْمُهِينِ
素莱曼的无用的儿子和继承者, 里霍博姆 (Rehoboam), 在他无力的统治下,素莱曼强大的帝国瓦解了 («列王纪上» 第12, 13, 14章和 «犹太白科全书»参看“Rehoboam”)。
یعنی ان کا وارث دنیا کا کیڑا تھا۔ نیک بندہ نہ تھا۔ سلیمانؑ کے بعد اس کے رویہ سے لوگ بدک گئے اور بغاوتیں شروع ہو گئیں۔ (دیکھئے بائبل۔ ۱۔ سلاطین باب۱۲)
یعنی اگر وہ سمجھتے کہ سلیمانؑ جیسے بادشاہ کے ملک پر بھی ایک دن تباہی آئے گی تو وہ اس آزادی کے دن کی انتظار میں ان کی فرمانبرداری ہی نہ کرتے۔
Solomon’s worthless son and successor, Rehoboam, under whose weak rule Solomon’s great and mighty Kingdom fell to pieces (1 Kings, chaps. 12, 13, 14 & Jewish. Enc. under "Rehoboam").
Disruption and disintegration of Solomon’s Kingdom set in in Rehoboam’s time.
Important Words:
منساة (staff) is derived from نسا. They say نسا الدابة i.e. he urged or drove the beast. منساة means, a staff or large stick, so called because a beast is driven with it; a pastor’s big staff (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
The reference in the words "a worm of the earth" is to Solomon’s worthless son and successor, Rehoboam, under whose weak rule the great and mighty kingdom of Solomon fell to pieces. Besides leading a life of ease and luxury, he was surrounded by foolish and selfish counsellors whose bad advice led him to pursue a policy which brought about the ruin and downfall of the kingdom which had been reared on firm and sound footing by his great father. The wild mountain tribes realizing that the strong hand which had held them under subjection was no more, rebelled and revolted, with the result that disorder and chaos followed and Solomon’s mighty kingdom cracked and crumbled. See 1 Kings, Chaps. 12, 13, 14 & Jew. Enc. Under "Rehoboam."
The expression "that ate away his staff," signifies that the disruption and disintegration of Solomon’s kingdom set in Rehoboam’s time.
1044
素莱曼的无用的儿子和继承者, 里霍博姆 (Rehoboam), 在他无力的统治下,素莱曼强大的帝国瓦解了 («列王纪上» 第12, 13, 14章和 «犹太白科全书»参看“Rehoboam”)。
3
یعنی ان کا وارث دنیا کا کیڑا تھا۔ نیک بندہ نہ تھا۔ سلیمانؑ کے بعد اس کے رویہ سے لوگ بدک گئے اور بغاوتیں شروع ہو گئیں۔ (دیکھئے بائبل۔ ۱۔ سلاطین باب۱۲)
4
یعنی اگر وہ سمجھتے کہ سلیمانؑ جیسے بادشاہ کے ملک پر بھی ایک دن تباہی آئے گی تو وہ اس آزادی کے دن کی انتظار میں ان کی فرمانبرداری ہی نہ کرتے۔
3141
Important Words:
منساة (staff) is derived from نسا. They say نسا الدابة i.e. he urged or drove the beast. منساة means, a staff or large stick, so called because a beast is driven with it; a pastor’s big staff (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
The reference in the words "a worm of the earth" is to Solomon’s worthless son and successor, Rehoboam, under whose weak rule the great and mighty kingdom of Solomon fell to pieces. Besides leading a life of ease and luxury, he was surrounded by foolish and selfish counsellors whose bad advice led him to pursue a policy which brought about the ruin and downfall of the kingdom which had been reared on firm and sound footing by his great father. The wild mountain tribes realizing that the strong hand which had held them under subjection was no more, rebelled and revolted, with the result that disorder and chaos followed and Solomon’s mighty kingdom cracked and crumbled. See 1 Kings, Chaps. 12, 13, 14 & Jew. Enc. Under "Rehoboam."
The expression "that ate away his staff," signifies that the disruption and disintegration of Solomon’s kingdom set in Rehoboam’s time.
2382
Solomon’s worthless son and successor, Rehoboam, under whose weak rule Solomon’s great and mighty Kingdom fell to pieces (1 Kings, chaps. 12, 13, 14 & Jewish. Enc. under "Rehoboam").
2383
Disruption and disintegration of Solomon’s Kingdom set in in Rehoboam’s time.
لَقَدْ كَانَ لِسَبَإٍ فِى مَسْكَنِهِمْ ءَايَةٌ ۖ جَنَّتَانِ عَن يَمِينٍ وَشِمَالٍ ۖ كُلُوا۟ مِن رِّزْقِ رَبِّكُمْ وَٱشْكُرُوا۟ لَهُۥ ۚ بَلْدَةٌ طَيِّبَةٌ وَرَبٌّ غَفُورٌ
Saba’, as is mentioned under 27:23, was a city of Yemen situated about three days’ journey from San‘a’, also called Ma’arib. This town finds frequent references in the Old Testament and in Greek, Roman and Arabic literatures, especially in the south Arabian inscriptions. The Sabaeans were a highly prosperous and cultured people whom God had blessed in great abundance with all the comforts and amenities of life. The whole country was made very fertile by dams and other irrigation works and was full of gardens and streams. Of public works built to assist agriculture like barriers and dams the most celebrated was the dam of Ma’arib (Enc. of Islam, vol.4, p.16). Tirmidhi quotes a tradition on the authority of Farwah bin Malik that when asked whether Saba’ was the name of a land or of a woman, the Holy Prophet is reported to have said, 'It is neither the name of a land nor that of a woman, but the name of a man in Yemen who had ten sons. Six of them remained back in Yemen while four of them went t
16:113.
Commentary:
The preceding verses having made a mention of the blessings and favours which God had bestowed upon the Israelites and which found their fullest expression in the highly prosperous reigns of David and Solomon, the present verse proceeds to refer to another very prosperous and happy people of their time—the people of Saba’. Saba’, as is mentioned under 27:23, was a city of Yemen situated about three days’ journey from San‘a’, also called Ma’arib.
"This town finds frequent reference in the Old Testament and in Greek, Roman and Arabic literature, especially in the South Arabian inscriptions. The Sabaeans were a highly civilized and prosperous people. The finds made in the country itself are in harmony with the various classical literary sources, which agree in showing that the Sabaeans attained the greatest importance of all Arab peoples of the pre-Muhammadan period, in particular of the four leading peoples of South Arabia who were known even to the Greeks. . .these still extant monuments of the once highly developed civilization, to which Sabaea mainly owed its historical importance...Agatharchides’s re-marks on the splendid buildings of the kings and private individuals in Saba’ and the descriptions of Sabaean castles by the Arabs are confirmed by the testimony of the inscriptions, which to a great extent commemorate the building of houses (palaces) and fortifications. Of public works built to assist agriculture like barriers and dams, the most celebrated was the dam of Ma’arib" (Enc. of Islam. vol. 4. p. 16).
Tirmidhi quotes a tradition on the authority of Farwah bin Malik that when asked whether Saba’ was the name of a land or of a woman, the Holy Prophet is reported to have said, 'It is neither the name of a land nor that of a woman but the name of a man in Yemen who had ten sons. Six of them remained in Yemen while four of them went to Syria. As for those who made Syria their home, they were Joham, Ghassan and Amila; and as for those who stayed back in Yemen they were Ash‘ariyyun, Himyar, Kandah, Madhpih and ‘Ammar. On being asked who were Ammar, the Prophet replied "Of them are Khath‘am and Bajilah"' (Taj).
The whole tenor of the verse shows that the Sabaeans were a highly prosperous and cultured people whom God had blessed in great abundance with all the comforts and amenities of life. The whole country seems to have been rendered very fertile by dams and other irrigation works and was full of gardens and streams.
According to Muir there were 70 stages or stops from Hadramaut to Aila on the road from Yemen to Syria. These stages even exist today. It was a very frequented and safe route, flanked on both sides by shady trees.
a
16:113.
3142
Commentary:
The preceding verses having made a mention of the blessings and favours which God had bestowed upon the Israelites and which found their fullest expression in the highly prosperous reigns of David and Solomon, the present verse proceeds to refer to another very prosperous and happy people of their time—the people of Saba’. Saba’, as is mentioned under 27:23, was a city of Yemen situated about three days’ journey from San‘a’, also called Ma’arib.
"This town finds frequent reference in the Old Testament and in Greek, Roman and Arabic literature, especially in the South Arabian inscriptions. The Sabaeans were a highly civilized and prosperous people. The finds made in the country itself are in harmony with the various classical literary sources, which agree in showing that the Sabaeans attained the greatest importance of all Arab peoples of the pre-Muhammadan period, in particular of the four leading peoples of South Arabia who were known even to the Greeks. . .these still extant monuments of the once highly developed civilization, to which Sabaea mainly owed its historical importance...Agatharchides’s re-marks on the splendid buildings of the kings and private individuals in Saba’ and the descriptions of Sabaean castles by the Arabs are confirmed by the testimony of the inscriptions, which to a great extent commemorate the building of houses (palaces) and fortifications. Of public works built to assist agriculture like barriers and dams, the most celebrated was the dam of Ma’arib" (Enc. of Islam. vol. 4. p. 16).
Tirmidhi quotes a tradition on the authority of Farwah bin Malik that when asked whether Saba’ was the name of a land or of a woman, the Holy Prophet is reported to have said, 'It is neither the name of a land nor that of a woman but the name of a man in Yemen who had ten sons. Six of them remained in Yemen while four of them went to Syria. As for those who made Syria their home, they were Joham, Ghassan and Amila; and as for those who stayed back in Yemen they were Ash‘ariyyun, Himyar, Kandah, Madhpih and ‘Ammar. On being asked who were Ammar, the Prophet replied "Of them are Khath‘am and Bajilah"' (Taj).
The whole tenor of the verse shows that the Sabaeans were a highly prosperous and cultured people whom God had blessed in great abundance with all the comforts and amenities of life. The whole country seems to have been rendered very fertile by dams and other irrigation works and was full of gardens and streams.
According to Muir there were 70 stages or stops from Hadramaut to Aila on the road from Yemen to Syria. These stages even exist today. It was a very frequented and safe route, flanked on both sides by shady trees.
2383A
Saba’, as is mentioned under 27:23, was a city of Yemen situated about three days’ journey from San‘a’, also called Ma’arib. This town finds frequent references in the Old Testament and in Greek, Roman and Arabic literatures, especially in the south Arabian inscriptions. The Sabaeans were a highly prosperous and cultured people whom God had blessed in great abundance with all the comforts and amenities of life. The whole country was made very fertile by dams and other irrigation works and was full of gardens and streams. Of public works built to assist agriculture like barriers and dams the most celebrated was the dam of Ma’arib (Enc. of Islam, vol.4, p.16). Tirmidhi quotes a tradition on the authority of Farwah bin Malik that when asked whether Saba’ was the name of a land or of a woman, the Holy Prophet is reported to have said, 'It is neither the name of a land nor that of a woman, but the name of a man in Yemen who had ten sons. Six of them remained back in Yemen while four of them went t
فَأَعْرَضُوا۟ فَأَرْسَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ سَيْلَ ٱلْعَرِمِ وَبَدَّلْنَٰهُم بِجَنَّتَيْهِمْ جَنَّتَيْنِ ذَوَاتَىْ أُكُلٍ خَمْطٍ وَأَثْلٍ وَشَىْءٍ مِّن سِدْرٍ قَلِيلٍ
‘Arim means, a dam or dams constructed in valleys or torrent-beds; or a torrent of which the rush is not to be withstood; or violent rain (Lane). A mighty flood caused the dam of Ma’arib, to which the Sabaeans owed all their prosperity, to burst and inundate the whole area causing widespread ruin. A land full of beautiful gardens, streams and great works of art, was turned into a vast waste. The dam was about two miles long and 120 ft. high. It was destroyed about the first or second century A.D. (Palmer).
16:113.
Important Words:
سیل العرم (fierce flood). سیل is derived from سال which means, it (the water) flowed. سیل means, a torrent, a flow of water; much water or a collection of rain-water flowing in a valley or water course. ماء سیل means, flowing or running water. عرم is derived from عرم (‘arama or ‘aruma) which means, he was or became evil in disposition; he behaved insolently or he was or became corrupt. عرم means, a dam or dams constructed in valleys or torrent-beds; or a torrent of which the rush is not to be withstood; or violent rain (Lane &Aqrab).
Commentary:
Such is the irony of human circumstances that whenever man is blessed with material comforts and amenities of life and leads a prosperous and successful life, then instead of being grateful to God for His blessings and favours, he becomes arrogant and begins to behave ungratefully and insolently. The Sabaeans were no exception to the common run of humanity. In the day of prosperity they fell into evil ways and defied and broke Divine laws. The inevitable nemesis seized them. The same dam of Ma’arib to which they owed all their wealth and prosperity caused their destruction. As the result of a mighty flood it burst and inundated the whole area causing wide-spread ruin. A land full of beautiful gardens, streams and great works of art was turned into a vast waste. The dam was about two miles long and 120 ft. high. It was destroyed about the first or second century A.D. (Palmer).
a
16:113.
3143
Important Words:
سیل العرم (fierce flood). سیل is derived from سال which means, it (the water) flowed. سیل means, a torrent, a flow of water; much water or a collection of rain-water flowing in a valley or water course. ماء سیل means, flowing or running water. عرم is derived from عرم (‘arama or ‘aruma) which means, he was or became evil in disposition; he behaved insolently or he was or became corrupt. عرم means, a dam or dams constructed in valleys or torrent-beds; or a torrent of which the rush is not to be withstood; or violent rain (Lane &Aqrab).
Commentary:
Such is the irony of human circumstances that whenever man is blessed with material comforts and amenities of life and leads a prosperous and successful life, then instead of being grateful to God for His blessings and favours, he becomes arrogant and begins to behave ungratefully and insolently. The Sabaeans were no exception to the common run of humanity. In the day of prosperity they fell into evil ways and defied and broke Divine laws. The inevitable nemesis seized them. The same dam of Ma’arib to which they owed all their wealth and prosperity caused their destruction. As the result of a mighty flood it burst and inundated the whole area causing wide-spread ruin. A land full of beautiful gardens, streams and great works of art was turned into a vast waste. The dam was about two miles long and 120 ft. high. It was destroyed about the first or second century A.D. (Palmer).
2384
‘Arim means, a dam or dams constructed in valleys or torrent-beds; or a torrent of which the rush is not to be withstood; or violent rain (Lane). A mighty flood caused the dam of Ma’arib, to which the Sabaeans owed all their prosperity, to burst and inundate the whole area causing widespread ruin. A land full of beautiful gardens, streams and great works of art, was turned into a vast waste. The dam was about two miles long and 120 ft. high. It was destroyed about the first or second century A.D. (Palmer).
ذَٰلِكَ جَزَيْنَٰهُم بِمَا كَفَرُوا۟ ۖ وَهَلْ نُجَٰزِىٓ إِلَّا ٱلْكَفُورَ
Commentary:
This is how the ungrateful and the wicked are punished and the mighty are laid low. The verse constitutes a standing warning to Muslims to be on their guard against ingratitude and defiance of Divine commandments.
3144
Commentary:
This is how the ungrateful and the wicked are punished and the mighty are laid low. The verse constitutes a standing warning to Muslims to be on their guard against ingratitude and defiance of Divine commandments.
وَجَعَلْنَا بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ ٱلْقُرَى ٱلَّتِى بَٰرَكْنَا فِيهَا قُرًى ظَٰهِرَةً وَقَدَّرْنَا فِيهَا ٱلسَّيْرَ ۖ سِيرُوا۟ فِيهَا لَيَالِىَ وَأَيَّامًا ءَامِنِينَ
The words, 'the towns which We had blessed,' refer to the towns of Palestine, the seat of Solomon’s government with which the Sabaeans carried on prosperous trade. The words, 'towns that were prominently visible,' signify that the towns were situated so near each other as to be easily visible, or the words may mean, prominent towns and show that the route from Yemen to Palestine and Syria vas very frequented, safe and well-populated. According to Muir there were 70 stages or stops from Hadarmaut to Ailah on the road from Yemen to Syria. It was a very frequented and safe route, flanked on both sides by shady trees.
Commentary:
The words "the towns which we had blessed" refer to the towns of Palestine, the seat of Solomon’s government with which the Sabaeans carried on prosperous trade.
قری ظاھرة meaning towns situated so near to each other as to be easily visible; well known or prominent towns; towns situated on high ground, the verse shows that the route from Yemen to Palestine and Syria was very frequented, safe and prosperous and was densely populated and the towns in the way were situated so close to each other as to be easily visible.
3145
Commentary:
The words "the towns which we had blessed" refer to the towns of Palestine, the seat of Solomon’s government with which the Sabaeans carried on prosperous trade.
قری ظاھرة meaning towns situated so near to each other as to be easily visible; well known or prominent towns; towns situated on high ground, the verse shows that the route from Yemen to Palestine and Syria was very frequented, safe and prosperous and was densely populated and the towns in the way were situated so close to each other as to be easily visible.
2385
The words, 'the towns which We had blessed,' refer to the towns of Palestine, the seat of Solomon’s government with which the Sabaeans carried on prosperous trade. The words, 'towns that were prominently visible,' signify that the towns were situated so near each other as to be easily visible, or the words may mean, prominent towns and show that the route from Yemen to Palestine and Syria vas very frequented, safe and well-populated. According to Muir there were 70 stages or stops from Hadarmaut to Ailah on the road from Yemen to Syria. It was a very frequented and safe route, flanked on both sides by shady trees.
فَقَالُوا۟ رَبَّنَا بَٰعِدْ بَيْنَ أَسْفَارِنَا وَظَلَمُوٓا۟ أَنفُسَهُمْ فَجَعَلْنَٰهُمْ أَحَادِيثَ وَمَزَّقْنَٰهُمْ كُلَّ مُمَزَّقٍ ۚ إِنَّ فِى ذَٰلِكَ لَءَايَٰتٍ لِّكُلِّ صَبَّارٍ شَكُورٍ
حضرت سلیمان علیہ السلام کے زمانہ میں فلسطین بلکہ ایک ملک اوپر سے لیکر تمام عرب کا ساحل بشمولیت یمن ان کے ماتحت تھا۔ پھر ان کی حکومت عدن سے ہوتی ہوئی خلیج فارس کے اوپر تک عرب ساحل پر جاتی تھی۔ مگر بعد میں تباہی آئی تو عرب آزاد ہو گیا۔ اور ملک میں طوائف الملوکی قائم ہو کر آبادیاں اجڑ گئیں اور سفر لمبے اور تکلیف دہ ہو گئے۔
یعنی ان کی تاریخ ایسی مٹی کہ ان کے واقعات لوگوں کو کہانی معلوم ہوتے تھے۔
The words put in the mouth of the Sabaeans, in fact, describe their actual condition when they defied and disobeyed Divine commandments and consequently fell on evil days. The prosperous and frequented route became deserted and desolate. The words, 'place longer distances between the stages of our journeys,' signify that because many towns on the route fell into ruin, the distance between one stage to the other became much longer and less safe. The Sabaeans were so utterly destroyed that no sign or mark was left of them. They became only a subject for story-tellers.
Commentary:
The words shown as spoken by the people of Saba’ in the verse were not actually spoken by them but are used to describe their actual condition when they defied and disobeyed Divine commandments and consequently fell on evil days. The prosperous and frequented route became deserted, and desolate. The words "place longer distances between the stages of our journey" signify that because many towns on the route fell into ruin, the distance between one stage to the other became much longer and less safe.
The expression "and so We made them by-words" means that the Sabaeans were so utterly destroyed that no sign or mark was left of them. They became only a subject for story-tellers.
1
حضرت سلیمان علیہ السلام کے زمانہ میں فلسطین بلکہ ایک ملک اوپر سے لیکر تمام عرب کا ساحل بشمولیت یمن ان کے ماتحت تھا۔ پھر ان کی حکومت عدن سے ہوتی ہوئی خلیج فارس کے اوپر تک عرب ساحل پر جاتی تھی۔ مگر بعد میں تباہی آئی تو عرب آزاد ہو گیا۔ اور ملک میں طوائف الملوکی قائم ہو کر آبادیاں اجڑ گئیں اور سفر لمبے اور تکلیف دہ ہو گئے۔
2
یعنی ان کی تاریخ ایسی مٹی کہ ان کے واقعات لوگوں کو کہانی معلوم ہوتے تھے۔
3146
Commentary:
The words shown as spoken by the people of Saba’ in the verse were not actually spoken by them but are used to describe their actual condition when they defied and disobeyed Divine commandments and consequently fell on evil days. The prosperous and frequented route became deserted, and desolate. The words "place longer distances between the stages of our journey" signify that because many towns on the route fell into ruin, the distance between one stage to the other became much longer and less safe.
The expression "and so We made them by-words" means that the Sabaeans were so utterly destroyed that no sign or mark was left of them. They became only a subject for story-tellers.
2386
The words put in the mouth of the Sabaeans, in fact, describe their actual condition when they defied and disobeyed Divine commandments and consequently fell on evil days. The prosperous and frequented route became deserted and desolate. The words, 'place longer distances between the stages of our journeys,' signify that because many towns on the route fell into ruin, the distance between one stage to the other became much longer and less safe. The Sabaeans were so utterly destroyed that no sign or mark was left of them. They became only a subject for story-tellers.
وَلَقَدْ صَدَّقَ عَلَيْهِمْ إِبْلِيسُ ظَنَّهُۥ فَٱتَّبَعُوهُ إِلَّا فَرِيقًا مِّنَ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ
15:43; 16:100.
By their evil deeds the people of Saba’ justified Satan’s estimate that he would be successful in leading them astray. The reference to this estimate of Satan about the wicked people and their evil deeds may be found in 17:63 where he is mentioned as saying that he will cause his (Adam’s) progeny to perish except a few of them.
Commentary:
The verse means to say that by their evil deeds the people of Saba’ justified Satan’s estimate that he would be successful in leading them astray. The reference to this estimate of Satan about the wicked people and their evil deeds may be found in 17:63 where he is mentioned as saying that he will cause his (Adam’s) progeny to perish except a few.
a
15:43; 16:100.
1045
赛伯叶民族的邪恶行为证实了恶魔的估计: 说他能把他们引向邪道。有关那恶魔所估计的不义的民族和他们邪恶的行为的叙述可看17:63。那节经文中提到他说过, 他将使他 (阿丹) 的后裔死亡, 只留下他们中的几个。
3147
Commentary:
The verse means to say that by their evil deeds the people of Saba’ justified Satan’s estimate that he would be successful in leading them astray. The reference to this estimate of Satan about the wicked people and their evil deeds may be found in 17:63 where he is mentioned as saying that he will cause his (Adam’s) progeny to perish except a few.
a
15:43; 16:100.
2387
By their evil deeds the people of Saba’ justified Satan’s estimate that he would be successful in leading them astray. The reference to this estimate of Satan about the wicked people and their evil deeds may be found in 17:63 where he is mentioned as saying that he will cause his (Adam’s) progeny to perish except a few of them.
وَمَا كَانَ لَهُۥ عَلَيْهِم مِّن سُلْطَٰنٍ إِلَّا لِنَعْلَمَ مَن يُؤْمِنُ بِٱلْءَاخِرَةِ مِمَّنْ هُوَ مِنْهَا فِى شَكٍّ ۗ وَرَبُّكَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىْءٍ حَفِيظٌ
34:22.
Satan has no authority over man. It is by his own wrong beliefs and evil deeds that man brings about his spiritual ruin.
15:43; 16:100.
Commentary:
The verse clearly and positively removes all doubts or misgivings as to the extent of the authority and control of Satan over men. According to it Satan has definitely no authority over man. It is by his own wrong beliefs and evil deeds that man brings about his spiritual ruin.
b
34:22.
1046
恶魔对人类并不能行使权力。人类精神毁灭是由于他们自己的错误信念和邪恶行为。
a
15:43; 16:100.
3148
Commentary:
The verse clearly and positively removes all doubts or misgivings as to the extent of the authority and control of Satan over men. According to it Satan has definitely no authority over man. It is by his own wrong beliefs and evil deeds that man brings about his spiritual ruin.
a
34:22.
2388
Satan has no authority over man. It is by his own wrong beliefs and evil deeds that man brings about his spiritual ruin.