فَکَانَ
Appears 8 times in Quran
Occurrences in Quran
Found 8 verses containing "فَکَانَ".
وَاتۡلُ عَلَیۡہِمۡ نَبَاَ الَّذِیۡۤ اٰتَیۡنٰہُ اٰیٰتِنَا فَانۡسَلَخَ مِنۡہَا فَاَتۡبَعَہُ الشَّیۡطٰنُ فَکَانَ مِنَ الۡغَاوِیۡنَ
بائبل اور مفسرین ایک شخص بلعم باعور کا ذکر کرتے ہیں جس کے واقعات اس مثال سے ملتے ہیں۔ مگر درحقیقت یہ ایک مثال ہے جو کوئی بھی اپنے آپ کو ایسا بنالے اس پر صادق آجائے گی اور وہی بلعم باعور بن جائے گا۔
The reference here is not to any particular individual but to all persons to whom God shows Signs through a Prophet and who reject them. Similar expressions occur elsewhere in the Qur’an (e.g., 2:18). The verse has been particularly applied to one Bal‘am bin Ba‘ura who, it is related, lived in the time of Moses and who is reported to have been a virtuous man. Pride turned his head and he ended his life in disgrace. The verse may apply also to Abu Jahl or ‘Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul or for that matter to every prominent leader of disbelief.
Important Words:
انسلخ (stepped away) is derived from سلخ. They say سلخ جلدھا i.e. he stripped off its skin. سلخت عنھا قمیصھا means, I pulled off or stripped off her shirt. سلخنا الشھر means, we passed the month, or passed forth from the month. One would say سلخ النبات i.e. the plant shed its foliage and became leafless and then became green again. انسلخ means, he or it became stripped, or he or it passed, or he quitted a thing entirely. They say انسلخت الحیة من قشرھا i.e. the serpent came off, or divested itself of, its slough. انسلخ منه means, he or it became altogether separated from it; or he or it quitted it entirely (Lane & Aqrab).
اتبعه (followed him up). اتبع is derived from تبع. They say تبعه i.e. he followed him or it, or he went or walked after him or it. اتبع besides giving the causative sense is also used like تبع in the sense of following. They say اتبعه i.e. he followed his footsteps; he sought him; also he overtook him (Lane).
Commentary:
The verse does not refer to any particular individual but may apply to all persons to whom God shows signs through a Prophet and who reject them. Similar expressions which do not refer to any particular individual, but are of general application, also occur elsewhere in the Quran (e.g. 2:18). The verse under comment has been applied to one Bal‘am bin Ba‘ura who, it is related, lived in the time of Moses. He is reported to have been a virtuous man, but pride turned his head and he ended in disgrace. But the verse also aptly describes also the case of Abu Jahl who had clearly seen and even admitted the truth of the Holy Prophet, but proudly and scornfully remarked that his people had never owed allegiance to the house of ‘Abd Manaf, a progenitor of the Holy Prophet. The verse may equally apply to ‘Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul, the arch-hypocrite, who witnessed many signs establishing the truth of the Holy Prophet and even apparently professed his faith in him, but at heart ever remained his implacable enemy.
3
بائبل اور مفسرین ایک شخص بلعم باعور کا ذکر کرتے ہیں جس کے واقعات اس مثال سے ملتے ہیں۔ مگر درحقیقت یہ ایک مثال ہے جو کوئی بھی اپنے آپ کو ایسا بنالے اس پر صادق آجائے گی اور وہی بلعم باعور بن جائے گا۔
1063
Important Words:
انسلخ (stepped away) is derived from سلخ. They say سلخ جلدھا i.e. he stripped off its skin. سلخت عنھا قمیصھا means, I pulled off or stripped off her shirt. سلخنا الشھر means, we passed the month, or passed forth from the month. One would say سلخ النبات i.e. the plant shed its foliage and became leafless and then became green again. انسلخ means, he or it became stripped, or he or it passed, or he quitted a thing entirely. They say انسلخت الحیة من قشرھا i.e. the serpent came off, or divested itself of, its slough. انسلخ منه means, he or it became altogether separated from it; or he or it quitted it entirely (Lane & Aqrab).
اتبعه (followed him up). اتبع is derived from تبع. They say تبعه i.e. he followed him or it, or he went or walked after him or it. اتبع besides giving the causative sense is also used like تبع in the sense of following. They say اتبعه i.e. he followed his footsteps; he sought him; also he overtook him (Lane).
Commentary:
The verse does not refer to any particular individual but may apply to all persons to whom God shows signs through a Prophet and who reject them. Similar expressions which do not refer to any particular individual, but are of general application, also occur elsewhere in the Quran (e.g. 2:18). The verse under comment has been applied to one Bal‘am bin Ba‘ura who, it is related, lived in the time of Moses. He is reported to have been a virtuous man, but pride turned his head and he ended in disgrace. But the verse also aptly describes also the case of Abu Jahl who had clearly seen and even admitted the truth of the Holy Prophet, but proudly and scornfully remarked that his people had never owed allegiance to the house of ‘Abd Manaf, a progenitor of the Holy Prophet. The verse may equally apply to ‘Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul, the arch-hypocrite, who witnessed many signs establishing the truth of the Holy Prophet and even apparently professed his faith in him, but at heart ever remained his implacable enemy.
1072
The reference here is not to any particular individual but to all persons to whom God shows Signs through a Prophet and who reject them. Similar expressions occur elsewhere in the Qur’an (e.g., 2:18). The verse has been particularly applied to one Bal‘am bin Ba‘ura who, it is related, lived in the time of Moses and who is reported to have been a virtuous man. Pride turned his head and he ended his life in disgrace. The verse may apply also to Abu Jahl or ‘Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul or for that matter to every prominent leader of disbelief.
قَالَ سَاٰوِیۡۤ اِلٰی جَبَلٍ یَّعۡصِمُنِیۡ مِنَ الۡمَآءِ ۚ قَالَ لَا عَاصِمَ الۡیَوۡمَ مِنۡ اَمۡرِ اللّٰہِ اِلَّا مَنۡ رَّحِمَ ۚ وَحَالَ بَیۡنَہُمَا الۡمَوۡجُ فَکَانَ مِنَ الۡمُغۡرَقِیۡنَ
The verse shows that the place where Noah lived was surrounded by mountains. The word Jabal used as a common noun points to the fact that there was a chain of mountains on one of which Noah’s son might have sought shelter. In fact, the place appears to have been a valley with mountains rising on all sides. That such a place should become quickly flooded with heavy rain is not extraordinary.
Important Words:
ساوی (I shall betake myself). آوی is derived from اوی. They say اوی الیه i.e. he betook himself to or repaired or resorted to it; he betook himself to it or repaired to it for lodging, covert or refuge. اوی الی البیت means, he took up his abode in the house; he lodged or dwelt in it. The Quranic expression, اذ اوی الفتیة الی الکھف means, when the young men betook themselves to the cave for refuge. ماوی means, a place to which one repairs for lodging, covert or refuge (Lane).
Commentary:
The verse shows that the place where Noah lived was surrounded by mountains. This is why his son said that he would take shelter in a mountain. The word جبل (a mountain) used as a common noun points to the fact that there was a chain of mountains on one of which Noah’s son wished to take shelter. In fact, the place appears to have been a valley with mountains rising on all sides. That such a place should become quickly flooded with heavy rain is not extraordinary.
The words, which will shelter me from the water, show how bigoted men shut their eyes to stark realities to the last. The flood is rising, but Noah’s son still entertains doubt about the truth of his father’s Message.
The expression, And the wave came in between the two, is intended to hint that God spared Noah the pain of seeing his son being drowned before his eyes. He was drowned behind the screen of a high wave.
1424
Important Words:
ساوی (I shall betake myself). آوی is derived from اوی. They say اوی الیه i.e. he betook himself to or repaired or resorted to it; he betook himself to it or repaired to it for lodging, covert or refuge. اوی الی البیت means, he took up his abode in the house; he lodged or dwelt in it. The Quranic expression, اذ اوی الفتیة الی الکھف means, when the young men betook themselves to the cave for refuge. ماوی means, a place to which one repairs for lodging, covert or refuge (Lane).
Commentary:
The verse shows that the place where Noah lived was surrounded by mountains. This is why his son said that he would take shelter in a mountain. The word جبل (a mountain) used as a common noun points to the fact that there was a chain of mountains on one of which Noah’s son wished to take shelter. In fact, the place appears to have been a valley with mountains rising on all sides. That such a place should become quickly flooded with heavy rain is not extraordinary.
The words, which will shelter me from the water, show how bigoted men shut their eyes to stark realities to the last. The flood is rising, but Noah’s son still entertains doubt about the truth of his father’s Message.
The expression, And the wave came in between the two, is intended to hint that God spared Noah the pain of seeing his son being drowned before his eyes. He was drowned behind the screen of a high wave.
1317
The verse shows that the place where Noah lived was surrounded by mountains. The word Jabal used as a common noun points to the fact that there was a chain of mountains on one of which Noah’s son might have sought shelter. In fact, the place appears to have been a valley with mountains rising on all sides. That such a place should become quickly flooded with heavy rain is not extraordinary.
وَاَمَّا الۡغُلٰمُ فَکَانَ اَبَوَاہُ مُؤۡمِنَیۡنِ فَخَشِیۡنَاۤ اَنۡ یُّرۡہِقَہُمَا طُغۡیٰنًا وَّکُفۡرًا
جیسا کہ اوپر بتایا جا چکا ہے غلام سے مراد حرکت‘ قوت اور جہالت کی طاقتیں ہیں جو ہر انسان میں پائی جاتی ہیں اور چونکہ یہ معنوی اشیاء ہیں مادی نہیں اس لئے ان کے ماں باپ بھی اسی قسم کے ہونے چاہئیں۔ اس نقطہ نگاہ سے جب ہم غور کرتے ہیں تو ہمیں معلوم ہوتا ہے کہ یہ قوتیں انسانی روح اور جسم سے پیدا ہوتی ہیں پس حرکت قوت اور جہالت کے ماں باپ کے مومن ہونے سے یہ مراد ہے کہ بے شک انسانی روح اور دماغ میں آگے بڑھنے کا شدید مادہ رکھا گیا ہے بڑے بڑے کام کرنے کی ان میں طاقت پیدا کی گئی ہے اور خطرات برداشت کرنے کی انہیں ہمت دی گئی ہے لیکن یہ طاقتیں اسے خداتعالیٰ کے قرب میں بڑھنے کے لئے دی گ
مارنے والا ایک ہے مگر وہ کہتا ’’ہم‘‘ ہے اس کی وجہ یہ ہے کہ وہ اعمال جو ہوں تو درست مگر ظاہر میں شریعت کے خلاف نظر آتے ہوں اولیاء اللہ ان کو کبھی خدائی حکم کے بغیر نہیں کرتے۔ پس چونکہ خداتعالیٰ نے حکم دیاوہ اس فعل میں حصہ دار ہو گیا اور فعل ایک کا نہ رہا د و(۲) کا ہو گیا جس کی وجہ سے ’’ہم‘‘کا لفظ استعمال کیا گیا ہے۔
Ghulam (a youth), as stated above, in a dream or vision signifies ignorance, strength and wild impulses. "His parents" in the verse are the human body and soul, because the source (or the parents) from which spring all moral qualities is the combination of the human body and soul which are represented here as "believers" because, as taught by Islam, man by nature is inclined to virtue. These "believers" may be dragged into vice by the impulses represented as "youth." Islam eradicates these impulses and leaves man—the human body and soul combined, to develop along beneficent lines and thus to achieve the high purpose of human life.
Commentary:
As explained under 18:75 above غلام (youth) in a vision signifies, activity or buoyancy, power and ignorance; and the word قتل as also shown under the same verse means, diminishing or lessening the effect or vehemence of a thing. In view of the significance of these words, the killing of the youth would signify the lessening or diminishing the evil effects of ignorance, too much power and uncontrolled buoyancy.
The expression ابواہ (his parents) here means the human body and soul, because the parents or the source from which spring all moral qualities is the combination of the human body and soul which is man himself. So the killing of the youth in the vision signifies bringing under proper control unbridled human passions and lessening their vehemence and intensity. Thus the killing of the young man by the holy man of God so that he should not lead his parents to rebellion and disbelief, as seen in his vision by Moses, signifies that man has been gifted with great natural powers to perform the highest deeds of virtue and that in order to bring these powers into play, the faculties of activity, power and ignorance have been implanted in him. Man can fulfil the great object of his life by making use of these powers which spring from a combination of the human body and soul. But if these powers are not kept under proper control, they lead man to disbelief and transgression. These powers have been brought under proper control and their undue vehemence curbed by the commandments and ordinances which God has revealed to the Holy Prophet as signified by the killing of the young boy by the holy man in Moses’ Vision.
1
جیسا کہ اوپر بتایا جا چکا ہے غلام سے مراد حرکت‘ قوت اور جہالت کی طاقتیں ہیں جو ہر انسان میں پائی جاتی ہیں اور چونکہ یہ معنوی اشیاء ہیں مادی نہیں اس لئے ان کے ماں باپ بھی اسی قسم کے ہونے چاہئیں۔ اس نقطہ نگاہ سے جب ہم غور کرتے ہیں تو ہمیں معلوم ہوتا ہے کہ یہ قوتیں انسانی روح اور جسم سے پیدا ہوتی ہیں پس حرکت قوت اور جہالت کے ماں باپ کے مومن ہونے سے یہ مراد ہے کہ بے شک انسانی روح اور دماغ میں آگے بڑھنے کا شدید مادہ رکھا گیا ہے بڑے بڑے کام کرنے کی ان میں طاقت پیدا کی گئی ہے اور خطرات برداشت کرنے کی انہیں ہمت دی گئی ہے لیکن یہ طاقتیں اسے خداتعالیٰ کے قرب میں بڑھنے کے لئے دی گ
2
مارنے والا ایک ہے مگر وہ کہتا ’’ہم‘‘ ہے اس کی وجہ یہ ہے کہ وہ اعمال جو ہوں تو درست مگر ظاہر میں شریعت کے خلاف نظر آتے ہوں اولیاء اللہ ان کو کبھی خدائی حکم کے بغیر نہیں کرتے۔ پس چونکہ خداتعالیٰ نے حکم دیاوہ اس فعل میں حصہ دار ہو گیا اور فعل ایک کا نہ رہا د و(۲) کا ہو گیا جس کی وجہ سے ’’ہم‘‘کا لفظ استعمال کیا گیا ہے۔
2119
Commentary:
As explained under 18:75 above غلام (youth) in a vision signifies, activity or buoyancy, power and ignorance; and the word قتل as also shown under the same verse means, diminishing or lessening the effect or vehemence of a thing. In view of the significance of these words, the killing of the youth would signify the lessening or diminishing the evil effects of ignorance, too much power and uncontrolled buoyancy.
The expression ابواہ (his parents) here means the human body and soul, because the parents or the source from which spring all moral qualities is the combination of the human body and soul which is man himself. So the killing of the youth in the vision signifies bringing under proper control unbridled human passions and lessening their vehemence and intensity. Thus the killing of the young man by the holy man of God so that he should not lead his parents to rebellion and disbelief, as seen in his vision by Moses, signifies that man has been gifted with great natural powers to perform the highest deeds of virtue and that in order to bring these powers into play, the faculties of activity, power and ignorance have been implanted in him. Man can fulfil the great object of his life by making use of these powers which spring from a combination of the human body and soul. But if these powers are not kept under proper control, they lead man to disbelief and transgression. These powers have been brought under proper control and their undue vehemence curbed by the commandments and ordinances which God has revealed to the Holy Prophet as signified by the killing of the young boy by the holy man in Moses’ Vision.
1716
Ghulam (a youth), as stated above, in a dream or vision signifies ignorance, strength and wild impulses. "His parents" in the verse are the human body and soul, because the source (or the parents) from which spring all moral qualities is the combination of the human body and soul which are represented here as "believers" because, as taught by Islam, man by nature is inclined to virtue. These "believers" may be dragged into vice by the impulses represented as "youth." Islam eradicates these impulses and leaves man—the human body and soul combined, to develop along beneficent lines and thus to achieve the high purpose of human life.
وَاَمَّا الۡجِدَارُ فَکَانَ لِغُلٰمَیۡنِ یَتِیۡمَیۡنِ فِی الۡمَدِیۡنَۃِ وَکَانَ تَحۡتَہٗ کَنۡزٌ لَّہُمَا وَکَانَ اَبُوۡہُمَا صٰلِحًا فَاَرَادَ رَبُّکَ اَنۡ یَّبۡلُغَاۤ اَشُدَّہُمَا وَیَسۡتَخۡرِجَا کَنۡزَہُمَا رَحۡمَۃً مِّنۡ رَّبِّکَ ۚ وَمَا فَعَلۡتُہٗ عَنۡ اَمۡرِیۡ ۚ ذٰلِکَ تَاۡوِیۡلُ مَا لَمۡ تَسۡطِع عَّلَیۡہِ صَبۡرًا
穆撒的精神境界指明了这样一个事实: 由于伊斯兰教的教导是根据律令和原则的与穆撒经典的有些原则有根本不同之处, 因此犹太教徒和穆斯林的真正合作是不可能的。第61-83节经文的详细解释, 见 «大版本的注释本» 1517-1530页。
دیوار سے مراد یہود و نصاریٰ کے بزرگ ہیں۔ یعنی موسٰیؑ اور عیسیٰؑ اور ان کے باپ سے مراد حضرت ابراہیم علیہ السلام اور کَنْز سے مراد وہ علمی خزانہ ہے جسے موسٰیؑ اور عیسیٰ ؑ کی قوموں نے محفوظ کیا ہوا تھا مگر ان کی بے توجہی سے اس کے ضائع ہونے کا خطرہ پیدا ہو گیا تب اسے محمدرسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ و سلم نے محفوظ کر دیا یعنی صحیح کلام کو جو بائبل اور انجیل میں تھا محفوظ کر دیا تاکہ جب بھی یہود اور نصاریٰ کو ہوش آئے وہ اس سے فائدہ اٹھا کر محمد رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ و سلم پر ایمان لے آئیں۔
یعنی خداتعالیٰ کی وحی سے کیا ہے۔
The orphan boys are Moses and Jesus, and their righteous father is Abraham. Their treasure was the true teaching bequeathed by them to their peoples which was in danger of being lost through the latter’s irreligiousness. This treasure was safeguarded in the Qur’an in order that when they may awaken to a realization of truth of the Quranic teaching they may accept it.
It was done under Divine command.
The Vision of Moses points to the fact that because Islamic teaching was based on laws and principles which differed fundamentally from some principles of the Mosaic Law, true and real cooperation between Jews and Muslims was impossible. For a detailed explanation of v. 61-83, see "The Larger Edition of the Commentary," (pp. 1517-1530).
Commentary:
As already pointed out جدار (the wall) represents the elders of the Jews i.e. Moses, Jesus (18:78) and Abraham of whom the Quran says, "and in the next he will surely be among the righteous" (2:131).
By کنز (treasure) is meant the treasure of divine knowledge which was vouchsafed to Moses and Jesus.
The verse purports to say that God preserved in the Quran the great treasure of spiritual knowledge which was vouchsafed to Moses and Jesus (98:4) and which was in danger of being lost because of the irreligiousness of the Jews and their engrossment in worldly affairs so that, when they awaken to a realization of truth, they may accept it.
The words, as a mercy from thy Lord, mean that the preservation by God of the imperishable part of the teachings of Moses and Jesus in the Quran was an act of mercy on His part because the Jews by their repeated rebellion and transgression had forfeited all title to Divine mercy. But despite their iniquities God had mercy on them and preserved their own treasures of spiritual knowledge in the Quran for their guidance.
The words, I did it not of my own accord, mean that the Holy Prophet had no hand in the preservation of this great treasure of divine knowledge. A reference to this fact has also been made in the words, "Nor does he speak of his own desire" (53:4).
After a perusal of the incidents mentioned in the preceding verses and their explanation it becomes abundantly clear that the Vision of Moses has been mentioned here to point to the following facts:
(a) That it was decreed and was in the fitness of things that the Holy Prophet should appear after Christians who constitute the second part of the Mosaic Dispensation had become corrupt.
(b) That because Islamic teaching was based on laws and principles which differed fundamentally from some principles of the Mosaic Law, true and real cooperation between Jews and Muslims was impossible, but salvation without subscribing to Islamic principles was also unthinkable.
(c) That Jews and Christians would refuse to accept the Holy Prophet and would follow their own separate course but they will have to give their allegiance to him in the long run.
(d) That, after a long and fatiguing journey and after having despaired of obtaining real peace and contentment of mind through their own unaided efforts, Jews and Christians would be compelled to take stock of their whole position with the result that they would realize that as their religion had long outlived its usefulness they should have given it up long before.
(e) That after the dawning of this realization upon them, the prophecies concerning them which have been preserved in the Quran will lead Jews and Christians to accept the Holy Prophet.
(f) That after having accepted Islam they will submit themselves to limitations and restrictions which it has imposed upon man to regulate his moral conduct, and that by subduing their unrestrained passions they will become resigned to Divine decree and thus will draw upon themselves God’s grace and will bathe in the sea of His Mercy.
In fact, the Isra’ of Moses constituted a beautiful prelude to the coming Islamic Dispensation which was to supplant the Mosaic Law.
773
穆撒的精神境界指明了这样一个事实: 由于伊斯兰教的教导是根据律令和原则的与穆撒经典的有些原则有根本不同之处, 因此犹太教徒和穆斯林的真正合作是不可能的。第61-83节经文的详细解释, 见 «大版本的注释本» 1517-1530页。
3
دیوار سے مراد یہود و نصاریٰ کے بزرگ ہیں۔ یعنی موسٰیؑ اور عیسیٰؑ اور ان کے باپ سے مراد حضرت ابراہیم علیہ السلام اور کَنْز سے مراد وہ علمی خزانہ ہے جسے موسٰیؑ اور عیسیٰ ؑ کی قوموں نے محفوظ کیا ہوا تھا مگر ان کی بے توجہی سے اس کے ضائع ہونے کا خطرہ پیدا ہو گیا تب اسے محمدرسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ و سلم نے محفوظ کر دیا یعنی صحیح کلام کو جو بائبل اور انجیل میں تھا محفوظ کر دیا تاکہ جب بھی یہود اور نصاریٰ کو ہوش آئے وہ اس سے فائدہ اٹھا کر محمد رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ و سلم پر ایمان لے آئیں۔
4
یعنی خداتعالیٰ کی وحی سے کیا ہے۔
2121
Commentary:
As already pointed out جدار (the wall) represents the elders of the Jews i.e. Moses, Jesus (18:78) and Abraham of whom the Quran says, "and in the next he will surely be among the righteous" (2:131).
By کنز (treasure) is meant the treasure of divine knowledge which was vouchsafed to Moses and Jesus.
The verse purports to say that God preserved in the Quran the great treasure of spiritual knowledge which was vouchsafed to Moses and Jesus (98:4) and which was in danger of being lost because of the irreligiousness of the Jews and their engrossment in worldly affairs so that, when they awaken to a realization of truth, they may accept it.
The words, as a mercy from thy Lord, mean that the preservation by God of the imperishable part of the teachings of Moses and Jesus in the Quran was an act of mercy on His part because the Jews by their repeated rebellion and transgression had forfeited all title to Divine mercy. But despite their iniquities God had mercy on them and preserved their own treasures of spiritual knowledge in the Quran for their guidance.
The words, I did it not of my own accord, mean that the Holy Prophet had no hand in the preservation of this great treasure of divine knowledge. A reference to this fact has also been made in the words, "Nor does he speak of his own desire" (53:4).
After a perusal of the incidents mentioned in the preceding verses and their explanation it becomes abundantly clear that the Vision of Moses has been mentioned here to point to the following facts:
(a) That it was decreed and was in the fitness of things that the Holy Prophet should appear after Christians who constitute the second part of the Mosaic Dispensation had become corrupt.
(b) That because Islamic teaching was based on laws and principles which differed fundamentally from some principles of the Mosaic Law, true and real cooperation between Jews and Muslims was impossible, but salvation without subscribing to Islamic principles was also unthinkable.
(c) That Jews and Christians would refuse to accept the Holy Prophet and would follow their own separate course but they will have to give their allegiance to him in the long run.
(d) That, after a long and fatiguing journey and after having despaired of obtaining real peace and contentment of mind through their own unaided efforts, Jews and Christians would be compelled to take stock of their whole position with the result that they would realize that as their religion had long outlived its usefulness they should have given it up long before.
(e) That after the dawning of this realization upon them, the prophecies concerning them which have been preserved in the Quran will lead Jews and Christians to accept the Holy Prophet.
(f) That after having accepted Islam they will submit themselves to limitations and restrictions which it has imposed upon man to regulate his moral conduct, and that by subduing their unrestrained passions they will become resigned to Divine decree and thus will draw upon themselves God’s grace and will bathe in the sea of His Mercy.
In fact, the Isra’ of Moses constituted a beautiful prelude to the coming Islamic Dispensation which was to supplant the Mosaic Law.
1717
The orphan boys are Moses and Jesus, and their righteous father is Abraham. Their treasure was the true teaching bequeathed by them to their peoples which was in danger of being lost through the latter’s irreligiousness. This treasure was safeguarded in the Qur’an in order that when they may awaken to a realization of truth of the Quranic teaching they may accept it.
1717A
It was done under Divine command.
1718
The Vision of Moses points to the fact that because Islamic teaching was based on laws and principles which differed fundamentally from some principles of the Mosaic Law, true and real cooperation between Jews and Muslims was impossible. For a detailed explanation of v. 61-83, see "The Larger Edition of the Commentary," (pp. 1517-1530).
فَاَوۡحَیۡنَاۤ اِلٰی مُوۡسٰۤی اَنِ اضۡرِبۡ بِّعَصَاکَ الۡبَحۡرَ ۖ فَانۡفَلَقَ فَکَانَ کُلُّ فِرۡقٍ کَالطَّوۡدِ الۡعَظِیۡمِ
20:78.
Important Words:
طود (mountain) is derived from طاد which means, it was or became firm or steadfast. طود means, a mountain or a great mountain rising high into the sky, an elevated or overlooking tract of land (Lane & Aqrab).
فرق (part) is derived from فرق (faraqa) and means, a piece or portion that is split or separated from a thing; a great flock or herd of sheep or goats only; a group of boys; a mountain; a wave, billow or surge (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
For a more detailed discussion as to how the Israelites passed safely through the sea and how Pharaoh with his hosts was drowned, see 20:78
The idea embodied in the words اضرب بعصاک الحجر has been expressed elsewhere (20:78) in the words فاضرب لھم طریقا فی البحر یبساi.e. "make for them a dry path in the sea." God miraculously so arranged that when the Israelites were crossing the sea it was the time of the low tide and the water of the sea had receded, leaving a dry path for them to pass. But when the Egyptians following them reached the middle of the sea, the high tide returned and the rising water quickly engulfed them.
The words کل فرق may either refer to the two parties of the Egyptians and the Israelites or to the several parties in which the Egyptians might have become divided while they were crossing the sea; or they may refer to each wave of the sea because when the water was receding it looked like a huge mound.
d
20:78.
925
这句话也意味着, “把你的民族带到海那儿去”。 عَصَا (‘Asa) 的意思是民族或社团 (Lane)。
a
20:78.
2746
Important Words:
طود (mountain) is derived from طاد which means, it was or became firm or steadfast. طود means, a mountain or a great mountain rising high into the sky, an elevated or overlooking tract of land (Lane & Aqrab).
فرق (part) is derived from فرق (faraqa) and means, a piece or portion that is split or separated from a thing; a great flock or herd of sheep or goats only; a group of boys; a mountain; a wave, billow or surge (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
For a more detailed discussion as to how the Israelites passed safely through the sea and how Pharaoh with his hosts was drowned, see 20:78
The idea embodied in the words اضرب بعصاک الحجر has been expressed elsewhere (20:78) in the words فاضرب لھم طریقا فی البحر یبساi.e. "make for them a dry path in the sea." God miraculously so arranged that when the Israelites were crossing the sea it was the time of the low tide and the water of the sea had receded, leaving a dry path for them to pass. But when the Egyptians following them reached the middle of the sea, the high tide returned and the rising water quickly engulfed them.
The words کل فرق may either refer to the two parties of the Egyptians and the Israelites or to the several parties in which the Egyptians might have become divided while they were crossing the sea; or they may refer to each wave of the sea because when the water was receding it looked like a huge mound.
a
20:78.
2117A
The words also mean, 'take thy people to the sea,' ‘Asa meaning people or community (Lane).
فَسَاہَمَ فَکَانَ مِنَ الۡمُدۡحَضِیۡنَ
Important Words:
ساھم (cast lots) is derived from سھم.They say سھمه i.e. he overcame him in the game of shooting arrows. ساھمه means, he shot arrows with him in competition; he cast or drew lots with him. ساھمته فسھمته means, I competed with him in casting lots or in shooting arrows and overcame him therein (Aqrab & Lane).
3355
Important Words:
ساھم (cast lots) is derived from سھم.They say سھمه i.e. he overcame him in the game of shooting arrows. ساھمه means, he shot arrows with him in competition; he cast or drew lots with him. ساھمته فسھمته means, I competed with him in casting lots or in shooting arrows and overcame him therein (Aqrab & Lane).
فَکَانَ قَابَ قَوۡسَیۡنِ اَوۡ اَدۡنٰی
قَاب (Qab) 的意思是: (1)弓的把手和曲柄端点之间的部位; (2) 弓的两端距离; (3) 尺寸或距离。阿拉伯人说 بَيْنَهُمَا قَابَ قَوْسَيْنِ (Bainahuma Qaba Qausaini), 意思是在他们二人之间有一张弓的尺寸, 也就是说他们之间的关系很密切。阿拉伯有谚语 رَمَوْنَا عَنْ قَوْسٍ وَاحِدٍ (Ramauna ‘an Qausin Wahidin), 即他们用一张弓向我们射箭, 意思是他们一致反对我们。因此这个词的意思是指, 完全一致 (Lane, لِسَان, Lisan & زَمَخْشَرِی, Zamakhshari) 。不管 قَابَ (Qab) 意指什么, 短语 قَابَ قَوْسَيْنِ (Qaba Qausaini) 是指二人之间十分密切的结合。这一节的大意是说, 穆圣继续攀登精神升迁的高峰, 向安拉靠近到他们之间的距离消失, 穆圣仿佛成了两张弓上的一根弦。这一谚语令人想到阿拉伯古风, 根据这个古风, 当二人立誓结为莫逆之交的时候就把他们的弓联结成一张弓的样子, 然后在那联在一起的弓上放一箭, 以此表示二人合而为一似的, 对一个人的攻击就等于对另一个人的攻击。如果 تَدَلَّی (Tadalla) 这词可以适用于安拉, 那么这里的意思是, 穆圣升到安拉身边, 安拉降到穆圣那儿, 直到二者合而为一。这里还有一个美妙动人的意义, 即一方面穆圣跟他的养主和创造者完全融合在一起, 他似乎成为安拉的形象, 另一方面他降临人间, 对人间满怀着热爱、同情和关心, 所以在他身上安拉常德和人类天性是合并在一起的, 他成为安拉常德和人类天性的两弓一弦的中心点。“还要接近” 是指穆圣和安拉之间的关系要比想象的更接近、更密切。
第8-18节经文描写了 مِعْرَاج (Mi‘raj), 即穆圣的精神升天, 他在那时精神上升迁到了诸天, 并获准一睹安拉精神显现, 在精神上升迁得十分靠近他的创造者。实际上这是一次双重的精神经历, 包括了穆圣的精神升天和安拉降临向他显现。在大家心中, 穆圣的 (精神升天) 和穆圣去耶路撒冷的精神夜行有混淆, 这两者显然很有差别。إِسْرَاء (Isra) 穆圣的精神夜行是在 “号召” 的第11或第12年发生 (زُرْقَانی, Zurqani), 而穆圣所经历的精神升天是在第一次向阿比西亚迁移之后不久的第5年, 原早6、7年对圣训中所提到的这两件事的细节加以仔细研究, 也可以使这个看法站得住脚。对于精神升天和精神夜行这两件事彼此显然很有差别的详细说明, 见注释695。
Qab means, the portion of a bow that is between the part which is grasped by the hand and the curved extremity; (2) from one extremity of the bow to the other; (3) measure or space. The Arabs say, Bainahuma Qaba Qausaini, i.e. between them two is the measure of a bow, which means that there is very close relationship between them. The Arab proverb, Ramauna ‘an Qausin Wahidin, i.e. they shot at us from one bow, signifies that they were unanimous against us. The word thus denotes complete agreement (Lane, Lisan & Zamakhshari). Whatever may be the significance of the word Qab, the expression, Qaba Qausaini, indicates very close union between two persons. The verse purports to say that the Holy Prophet continued to scale the heights of Spiritual Ascension and to approach near God till all distance between them disappeared and the Holy Prophet became, as it were, "one chord to two bows." The proverb reminds us of an ancient Arab custom according to which when two
Important Words:
قاب (chord) substantive noun from قاب (qaba) which means, he was or became near or he approached. قاب means, the portion of a bow that is between the part that is grasped by the hand and the curved extremity; or from one extremity of the bow to the other; measure or space. The Arabs say بینھما قاب قوسین i.e. between them two is the measure of a bow, which means that there is a very close relationship between them. The Arabic proverb رمونا عن قوس واحد i.e. they shot at us from one bow, means, they were unanimous against us. The word thus denotes complete agreement (Lane, Lisan & Zamakhshari).
Commentary:
Whatever may be the significance of the word قاب, the expression قاب قوسین indicates very close union between two persons. In this sense of the expression the verse purports to say that the Holy Prophet continued to scale the heights of spiritual ascension and to approach near God till all distance between them disappeared and the Prophet became, as it were, "one chord to two bows." The verse reminds of an ancient Arab custom according to which when two persons pledged themselves to firm friendship they would join their bows in such a way that they appeared as one and then they would shoot an arrow from that combined bow; thus indicating that they had become, as it were, one person, and that an attack on one was an attack on the other. If the word تدلی be taken to apply to God, the verse would mean that the Holy Prophet went up to God and God came down to him till they both became, as it were, united into one person.
The expression فکان قاب قوسین possesses yet another very beautiful and subtle significance, viz. that while on the one hand the Holy Prophet became so completely merged in his Lord and Creator that he became, as it were, His image (پیکر او شد سراسر صورت رب رحیم), on the other he came down to mankind and became so full of love, sympathy and solicitude that Divinity and humanity became united in him, and in the Quranic words he became the central point of the chord of the two bows of Divinity and humanity.
The words أو أدنی signify that the relationship between the Holy Prophet and God became closer and more intimate than could be conceived.
Verses 8-18 describe the Spiritual Ascension (معراج) of the Holy Prophet, when he was spiritually transported to heavens and was vouchsafed the view of a spiritual manifestation of God, and ascended spiritually very close to his Maker. The Mi‘raj was, in fact, a double spiritual experience, comprising the spiritual ascent of the Holy Prophet, and the descent towards him of God’s manifestation. The Mi‘raj (Spiritual Ascension) has become confused in popular mind with Isra’ اسرا (or Spiritual Night Journey of the Prophet to Jerusalem), from which it is quite distinct and separate. The Isra’ took place in the eleventh or twelfth year of the Call (Zurqani) while the Holy Prophet had the experience of the Mi‘raj or Spiritual Ascension to heavens in its 5th year, shortly after the first migration to Abyssinia, six or seven years earlier. A careful and minute study of the details of these two incidents mentioned in the Hadith also supports this view. For a detailed exposition of the two incidents,—the Mi‘raj and the Isra’,—being separate and distinct from each other, see 17:2.
1329
قَاب (Qab) 的意思是: (1)弓的把手和曲柄端点之间的部位; (2) 弓的两端距离; (3) 尺寸或距离。阿拉伯人说 بَيْنَهُمَا قَابَ قَوْسَيْنِ (Bainahuma Qaba Qausaini), 意思是在他们二人之间有一张弓的尺寸, 也就是说他们之间的关系很密切。阿拉伯有谚语 رَمَوْنَا عَنْ قَوْسٍ وَاحِدٍ (Ramauna ‘an Qausin Wahidin), 即他们用一张弓向我们射箭, 意思是他们一致反对我们。因此这个词的意思是指, 完全一致 (Lane, لِسَان, Lisan & زَمَخْشَرِی, Zamakhshari) 。不管 قَابَ (Qab) 意指什么, 短语 قَابَ قَوْسَيْنِ (Qaba Qausaini) 是指二人之间十分密切的结合。这一节的大意是说, 穆圣继续攀登精神升迁的高峰, 向安拉靠近到他们之间的距离消失, 穆圣仿佛成了两张弓上的一根弦。这一谚语令人想到阿拉伯古风, 根据这个古风, 当二人立誓结为莫逆之交的时候就把他们的弓联结成一张弓的样子, 然后在那联在一起的弓上放一箭, 以此表示二人合而为一似的, 对一个人的攻击就等于对另一个人的攻击。如果 تَدَلَّی (Tadalla) 这词可以适用于安拉, 那么这里的意思是, 穆圣升到安拉身边, 安拉降到穆圣那儿, 直到二者合而为一。这里还有一个美妙动人的意义, 即一方面穆圣跟他的养主和创造者完全融合在一起, 他似乎成为安拉的形象, 另一方面他降临人间, 对人间满怀着热爱、同情和关心, 所以在他身上安拉常德和人类天性是合并在一起的, 他成为安拉常德和人类天性的两弓一弦的中心点。“还要接近” 是指穆圣和安拉之间的关系要比想象的更接近、更密切。
第8-18节经文描写了 مِعْرَاج (Mi‘raj), 即穆圣的精神升天, 他在那时精神上升迁到了诸天, 并获准一睹安拉精神显现, 在精神上升迁得十分靠近他的创造者。实际上这是一次双重的精神经历, 包括了穆圣的精神升天和安拉降临向他显现。在大家心中, 穆圣的 (精神升天) 和穆圣去耶路撒冷的精神夜行有混淆, 这两者显然很有差别。إِسْرَاء (Isra) 穆圣的精神夜行是在 “号召” 的第11或第12年发生 (زُرْقَانی, Zurqani), 而穆圣所经历的精神升天是在第一次向阿比西亚迁移之后不久的第5年, 原早6、7年对圣训中所提到的这两件事的细节加以仔细研究, 也可以使这个看法站得住脚。对于精神升天和精神夜行这两件事彼此显然很有差别的详细说明, 见注释695。
3974
Important Words:
قاب (chord) substantive noun from قاب (qaba) which means, he was or became near or he approached. قاب means, the portion of a bow that is between the part that is grasped by the hand and the curved extremity; or from one extremity of the bow to the other; measure or space. The Arabs say بینھما قاب قوسین i.e. between them two is the measure of a bow, which means that there is a very close relationship between them. The Arabic proverb رمونا عن قوس واحد i.e. they shot at us from one bow, means, they were unanimous against us. The word thus denotes complete agreement (Lane, Lisan & Zamakhshari).
Commentary:
Whatever may be the significance of the word قاب, the expression قاب قوسین indicates very close union between two persons. In this sense of the expression the verse purports to say that the Holy Prophet continued to scale the heights of spiritual ascension and to approach near God till all distance between them disappeared and the Prophet became, as it were, "one chord to two bows." The verse reminds of an ancient Arab custom according to which when two persons pledged themselves to firm friendship they would join their bows in such a way that they appeared as one and then they would shoot an arrow from that combined bow; thus indicating that they had become, as it were, one person, and that an attack on one was an attack on the other. If the word تدلی be taken to apply to God, the verse would mean that the Holy Prophet went up to God and God came down to him till they both became, as it were, united into one person.
The expression فکان قاب قوسین possesses yet another very beautiful and subtle significance, viz. that while on the one hand the Holy Prophet became so completely merged in his Lord and Creator that he became, as it were, His image (پیکر او شد سراسر صورت رب رحیم), on the other he came down to mankind and became so full of love, sympathy and solicitude that Divinity and humanity became united in him, and in the Quranic words he became the central point of the chord of the two bows of Divinity and humanity.
The words أو أدنی signify that the relationship between the Holy Prophet and God became closer and more intimate than could be conceived.
Verses 8-18 describe the Spiritual Ascension (معراج) of the Holy Prophet, when he was spiritually transported to heavens and was vouchsafed the view of a spiritual manifestation of God, and ascended spiritually very close to his Maker. The Mi‘raj was, in fact, a double spiritual experience, comprising the spiritual ascent of the Holy Prophet, and the descent towards him of God’s manifestation. The Mi‘raj (Spiritual Ascension) has become confused in popular mind with Isra’ اسرا (or Spiritual Night Journey of the Prophet to Jerusalem), from which it is quite distinct and separate. The Isra’ took place in the eleventh or twelfth year of the Call (Zurqani) while the Holy Prophet had the experience of the Mi‘raj or Spiritual Ascension to heavens in its 5th year, shortly after the first migration to Abyssinia, six or seven years earlier. A careful and minute study of the details of these two incidents mentioned in the Hadith also supports this view. For a detailed exposition of the two incidents,—the Mi‘raj and the Isra’,—being separate and distinct from each other, see 17:2.
2876
Qab means, the portion of a bow that is between the part which is grasped by the hand and the curved extremity; (2) from one extremity of the bow to the other; (3) measure or space. The Arabs say, Bainahuma Qaba Qausaini, i.e. between them two is the measure of a bow, which means that there is very close relationship between them. The Arab proverb, Ramauna ‘an Qausin Wahidin, i.e. they shot at us from one bow, signifies that they were unanimous against us. The word thus denotes complete agreement (Lane, Lisan & Zamakhshari). Whatever may be the significance of the word Qab, the expression, Qaba Qausaini, indicates very close union between two persons. The verse purports to say that the Holy Prophet continued to scale the heights of Spiritual Ascension and to approach near God till all distance between them disappeared and the Holy Prophet became, as it were, "one chord to two bows." The proverb reminds us of an ancient Arab custom according to which when two
فَکَانَ عٰقِبَتَہُمَاۤ اَنَّہُمَا فِی النَّارِ خٰلِدَیۡنِ فِیۡہَا ۚ وَذٰلِکَ جَزٰٓؤُا الظّٰلِمِیۡنَ